Unit 8.2 and 8.3 Philosophy of religion, definitions of religion, understanding religious diversity and religious experiences

moderate fideism

agnosticism

extreme fideism

atheism

religious rationalism

moderate fideism

religious rationalism

atheism

agnosticism

extreme fideism

agnosticism

atheism

moderate fideism

extreme fideism

religious rationalism

religious rationalism

moderate fideism

extreme fideism

agnosticism

atheism

Most religious adherents believe that there is only one God to whom they pray and with whom they positively interact through religious belief, ritual, and community.

Most religious adherents hold that their beliefs are the only true religious beliefs.

Most religious adherents hold that their beliefs are about what really exists independent of the human beings who are having those beliefs.

Most religious adherents hold that their beliefs are true, but that is true about nearly everyone who has religious beliefs of any sort.

Most religious adherents hold that their beliefs are the most true religious beliefs, but some other people may also have a few, true religious beliefs.

Religious non-realists are all atheists or, at best, agnostics.

Religious language corresponds to the way things actually are because human beings correctly apprehend what exists.

Religious non-realists understand truth as a human construct; religious truths are “guiding myths to live by” rather than verifiable claims about what exists “out there.”

Religious claims are the result of “language games” such that, if you play the game correctly, you will arrive at religious truths that are reliable, objective, and certain.

Religious non-realists understand all religions are constructs of the human psyche; the result of wishful thinking and therefore, untrue.

Exclusivists believe that all people will be given a chance to be saved despite their current beliefs and understanding.

While there is no salvation for people who do not encounter the true religion during their earthly life; maybe they will in their next life.

They believe that God is unjust and hateful toward all people.

Exclusivism is arrogant with respect to its understanding of the truth.

Billions of people are excluded from salvation through no fault of their own.

Religious imperialism

Religious inclusivism

The scandal of particularity

Incarnation and hypostatic union

Anthropocentrism

God cannot be understood, will never be understood, and therefore all human conceptions of God are false.

Hick believes that religious experience is given in and through categories of our minds, even though it originates in a source that transcends all categories and thought.

Hick asserts that our experiences and religious language do not depend on the interpretive lens we use to structure and understand them.

Hick believes that God can be understood by means of conceptual linguistic systems and spiritual practices.

Religious experience is a projection from the human mind onto the universe.

Relativism maintains the dignity of the various religions by accepting their differences as real and significant..

Relativism does not reduce the sense of the reality of the Real to a “least common denominator” found across the various religions

Relativism understands that religious adherents claim their beliefs and understandings of faith are universal truths, and not truths unique or particular to those who subscribe to the world-view of that one religion.

Relativism does not require a new, syncretistic religion in order to better grasp ultimate Reality.

Relativism offers a better account of the actual cognitive beliefs held by the adherents of the great world religions.

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism

atheism

agnosticism

religious exclusivism

religious extremism

religious pluralism

religious inclusivism

shared values approach

religious relativism

religious realism

religious non-realism