Use with the 3-D Molecular Designs 'Flow of Genetic Information Kit'.
Students should be modeling replication with the foam pieces and answering the questions in this formative.
Discuss the 4 questions on this page with your table group before you write your answers.
1
1
1
1
Follow the directions in the pink box to assemble the double stranded DNA molecule using the foam pieces.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Question 11
11.
Find, circle, and label the 5’ carbon of BOTH nucleotide 1 and nucleotide 4 in the diagram.
1
1
1
Question 14
14.
Circle the replication bubble and draw arrows pointing to the replication forksin the model.
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
Question 22
22.
Draw an arrow indicating the directionality of the newly replicated leading strand of DNA.
1
1
Question 24
24.
Sketch and indicate the directionality of the fragments composing the lagging strand of DNA.
1
0
Question 26
26.
When you are satisfied that you know how to answer this question ask your teacher for a paper copy of this question.
1
Question 1
1.
List at least three reasons why a cell must undergo division.
Question 2
2.
Question 3
3.
How does your body ensure that the new cells are the same?
Question 4
4.
How does DNA get into the new cells?
Question 5
5.
Record the template strand bases. Start at the 3' end. Do not leave spaces between the nucleotides.
Question 6
6.
Question 7
7.
Question 8
8.
Question 9
9.
Question 10
10.
Question 12
12.
Find, circle, and label the 3’ carbon of nucleotide 3 and nucleotide 6 in the diagram.
Question 13
13.
Question 15
15.
Question 16
16.
Nucleotides are added at an approximate rate of 50 nucleotides per second in eukaryotic cells. The human genome contains 6.4 billion nucleotides (3.2 billion base pairs), which must be copied. Calculate the length of time in days that it would take to copy the human genome. Show all calculations including units. There is a hint available.
Question 17
17.
Question 18
18.
Question 19
19.
Question 20
20.
Question 21
21.
Question 23
23.
Question 25
25.
Question 27
27.
Imagine you are cutting a bagel (one of the most common household injuries) and you get a cut. The cut heals. How do the new cells compare to the original (pre-cut) cells?
they are different
they are the same
Examine the strands of DNA. What do you observe about the arrow ends of the model?
the arrows are on the same ends of the strands
the arrows are on opposite ends of the strands
What does the arrow indicate?
3’ hydroxy end of the DNA molecule.
5’ hydroxy end of the DNA molecule.
5’ phosphate end of the DNA molecule.
3’ phosphate end of the DNA molecule.
What is attached to the 5' Carbon?
the phosphate group
the nitrogenous base
The blank on the left is the ___ carbon and the blank on the right is the ___ carbon
5'; 3'
3'; 5'
How are the 3’ and 5’ carbons oriented in the strands of the DNA molecule you assembled?
they are on opposite ends of each strand
they are on the same ends of each strand
What functional group is attached to the 3’ carbon? What group is attached to the 5’ carbon?
A phosphate is on the 3' carbon, a hydroxyl is on the 5' carbon.
A hydroxyl is on the 3' carbon, a phosphate is on the 5' carbon.
Looking at the mini toober (flexible foam tubes) model, what do you think might be the first step of replication?
separating the strands of DNA
adding nucleotides
Why do you think multiple replication bubbles form during the process of DNA replication?
replication would be too slow
replication would be too fast
What does the helicase appear to be doing?
adding complementary nucleotides
separating the two DNA strands
Identify which type of bond is broken.
covalent
ionic
hydrogen
What part of the helicase enzyme is represented by the pointed orange wedge?
cofactor site
active site
allosteric site
As a new nucleotide is added to the growing DNA strand, which part of the new nucleotide forms a bond with the 3’ OH (hydroxyl) group?
phosphate group
base
sugar
Why won't you be able to synthesize the other strand of DNA in a continuous manner when using the model?
DNA is only synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction
DNA is only synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction
Why is DNA replication considered to be a semi-discontinuous process?
one strand is synthesized continuously and the other strand is synthesized in fragments
both strands are synthesized continuously
both strands are synthesized in fragments
How do these two new strands compare to the original (parental) strand? (may be more than 1 correct answer)
each daughter molecule contains 1/2 of the parent template DNA and 1/2 the new DNA
one of the strands is identical to the parent molecule and one of the strands is not
the daughter molecules are not related to the parent molecule
the daughter molecules are identical to the parent molecule
