1.10 Unit 1 Assessment: Twins with Different Skin Color

Last updated about 3 hours ago

17 questions

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1.10 Unit 1 Assessment: Twins with Different Skin Color

Last updated about 3 hours ago

17 questions

Meet the 11-year-old twins with two different skin tones.

There's no trouble telling these 11-year-old twins apart, as one is white and one is black. Marcia and Millie Biggs looked almost identical when they were born but their difference in skin tone became more apparent as they aged. As brown-eyed Millie started to become darker skinned, blue-eyed Marcia took on a lighter complexion and grew blonde, curly hair. The twins' mom is white, while their dad is Jamaican.

The image shows the UK family from the video. The image includes (from left to right) Mom, Millie, Marcia, and Dad. Millie and Marcia are twins; they were born from the same parents at the same time.

Table 1 shows the genotypes for the different observable phenotypes of skin color.

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Figure 1 shows a biological process that occurs during sexual reproduction.

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Using Figure 1, provide a biological explanation that includes reasoning for the genetic variation between the twins. (In other words, justify your answer for #3)

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Marcia and Millie enjoy a weekend at the beach with their parents.  Everyone had a fun time, but when they got home, Marcia’s skin was red and very uncomfortable for a few days.

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The image shows the effect of UV photons (sunlight) on DNA.

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Using the image above, give a scientific explanation of Marcia's sunburn that supports the claim above. (In other words, justify your answer for #5)

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As the twins got older, their mother was diagnosed with breast cancer. Mom took the test to find out if she carried the breast cancer gene (BRCA1). 

The test came back negative. In addition to lacking the breast cancer gene, Marcia and Millie’s mother had not been exposed to any carcinogens.

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Give a scientific explanation of twin's mom's cancer that supports the claim above. (In other words, justify your answer for #7)

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Which topics in this unit were difficult for you and which did you find most interesting?

Meet the 11-year-old twins with two different skin tones.

There's no trouble telling these 11-year-old twins apart, as one is white and one is black. Marcia and Millie Biggs looked almost identical when they were born but their difference in skin tone became more apparent as they aged. As brown-eyed Millie started to become darker skinned, blue-eyed Marcia took on a lighter complexion and grew blonde, curly hair. The twins' mom is white, while their dad is Jamaican.

The image shows the UK family from the video. The image includes (from left to right) Mom, Millie, Marcia, and Dad. Millie and Marcia are twins; they were born from the same parents at the same time.

Table 1 shows the genotypes for the different observable phenotypes of skin color.

If Marcia and Millie's mother had the very light skin phenotype (aabbCc genotype), which of the following combination of alleles could she have given her daughters? Select all possibilities.

abC

aBC

abc

Abc

If Marcia and Millie's father had the dark skin phenotype (AaBbCC genotype), which of the following combination of alleles could he have given his daughters? Select all possibilities. (Hint use FOIL method)

Based on the evidence from the video and images, make a claim: Millie and Marcia have different skin colors, even though they have the same parents, as a result of...

new genetic combinations through meiosis

viable errors occurring during DNA replication

mutations caused by environmental factors

Figure 1 shows a biological process that occurs during sexual reproduction.

Using Figure 1, provide a biological explanation that includes reasoning for the genetic variation between the twins. (In other words, justify your answer for #3)

Marcia and Millie enjoy a weekend at the beach with their parents.  Everyone had a fun time, but when they got home, Marcia’s skin was red and very uncomfortable for a few days.

Based on the evidence from the video and images, make a claim: Marica's sunburn is a result of...

new genetic combinations through meiosis

viable errors occurring during DNA replication

mutations caused by environmental factors

The image shows the effect of UV photons (sunlight) on DNA.

Using the image above, give a scientific explanation of Marcia's sunburn that supports the claim above. (In other words, justify your answer for #5)

As the twins got older, their mother was diagnosed with breast cancer. Mom took the test to find out if she carried the breast cancer gene (BRCA1). 

The test came back negative. In addition to lacking the breast cancer gene, Marcia and Millie’s mother had not been exposed to any carcinogens.

Based on the given information, make a claim: The twins' mom's cancer is a result of...

new genetic combinations through meiosis

viable errors occurring during DNA replication

mutations caused by environmental factors

Give a scientific explanation of twin's mom's cancer that supports the claim above. (In other words, justify your answer for #7)

What is the gene pool?

An individual's inherited traits.

The total genes in a population.

The study of genes.

The genes of an individual.

What is the source of genetic variation?

Artificial selection

Mutation and recombination

Genetic drift

Natural selection

What is genetic variation?

Inherited diseases

The number of chromosomes

Genetic diversity in a population

Physical traits

Where did the alleles for antibiotic resistance come from?

Genetic recombination

Environmental factors

Inheritance from parents

Mutations in DNA

What is the term for the introduction of new genes in a population?

Natural selection

Genetic drift

Gene mutation

Gene flow

Which factor causes genetic drift?

Chance events

Natural selection

Migration

Mutation

Why is variation in populations important for species survival?

Decreases competition

Increases likelihood of adapting to changing conditions

Provides more resources

Enhances individual fitness

What does allele frequency refer to?

The occurrence of a specific version of a gene in a population.

The proportion of plasma cells in the bloodstream.

The rate at which cells undergo mitosis and meiosis.

The number of chromosomes in a haploid cell.

Which topics in this unit were difficult for you and which did you find most interesting?

If Marcia and Millie's mother had the very light skin phenotype (aabbCc genotype), which of the following combination of alleles could she have given her daughters?  Select all possibilities.

abC

aBC

abc

Abc

If Marcia and Millie's father had the dark skin phenotype (AaBbCC genotype), which of the following combination of alleles could he have given his daughters?  Select all possibilities. (Hint use FOIL method)

aBc

AbC

ABC

aBC

abC

Based on the evidence from the video and images, make a claim: Millie and Marcia have different skin colors, even though they have the same parents, as a result of...

new genetic combinations through meiosis

viable errors occurring during DNA replication

mutations caused by environmental factors

Based on the evidence from the video and images, make a claim: Marica's sunburn is a result of...

new genetic combinations through meiosis

viable errors occurring during DNA replication

mutations caused by environmental factors

Based on the given information, make a claim: The twins' mom's cancer is a result of...

new genetic combinations through meiosis

viable errors occurring during DNA replication

mutations caused by environmental factors

What is the gene pool?

An individual's inherited traits.

The total genes in a population.

The study of genes.

The genes of an individual.

What is the source of genetic variation?

Artificial selection

Mutation and recombination

Genetic drift

Natural selection

What is genetic variation?

Inherited diseases

The number of chromosomes

Genetic diversity in a population

Physical traits

Where did the alleles for antibiotic resistance come from?

Genetic recombination

Environmental factors

Inheritance from parents

Mutations in DNA

What is the term for the introduction of new genes in a population?

Natural selection

Genetic drift

Gene mutation

Gene flow

Which factor causes genetic drift?

Chance events

Natural selection

Migration

Mutation

Why is variation in populations important for species survival?

Decreases competition

Increases likelihood of adapting to changing conditions

Provides more resources

Enhances individual fitness

What does allele frequency refer to?

The occurrence of a specific version of a gene in a population.

The proportion of plasma cells in the bloodstream.

The rate at which cells undergo mitosis and meiosis.

The number of chromosomes in a haploid cell.