An app development company makes a new utility that sells for $2 per download. Counting all their expenses (paying worker wages, rent on their office, etc.), they spent $9,800 bringing the product to market. Their total net profits are modeled by the linear function p_{_{1}}(s)=2s-9800, where the input s is how many copies of the app they sell. When there is a security scare, they pay a special data privacy expert $4,500 to make sure they've followed industry best-practices to protect customer information.