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2022: NY Regents - Physics

Last updated 3 months ago

85 questions

Note from the author:

Instructions

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From the New York State Education Department. The University of the State of New York Regents High School Examination Physical Setting Physics June 2022. Internet. Available from https://www.nysedregents.org/Physics/622/phys62022-exam.pdf; accessed 3, May, 2023.

From the New York State Education Department. The University of the State of New York Regents High School Examination Physical Setting Physics June 2022. Internet. Available from https://www.nysedregents.org/Physics/622/phys62022-exam.pdf; accessed 3, May, 2023.

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Question 51

51.

To charge a cell-phone battery, 3.69\times10^3 coulombs of charge is moved through a potential difference of 3.70 volts. Calculate the maximum amount of electrical energy gained by the battery. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

Question 52

52.

[Placeholder to align with Regents format - no response needed]

Base your answers to questions 53 through 55 on the information below and on your knowledge of physics.

A 55-kilogram ice skater slides across a level ice surface and the force of friction acting on the skates has a magnitude of 11 newtons.

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Question 56

56.

A student produces a wave in a flexible spring stretched along a tabletop by shaking one end of the spring at a frequency of 2.0 hertz.

Determine the amplitude of the wave produced in the spring.

_______ m

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Base your answers to questions 58 through 60 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of physics.

A 100.-newton box is pulled up a 20.-meter-long incline by a constant force of 80. newtons. The vertical height gained by the box is 10. meters.

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A mercury atom emits a photon when an electron in the atom moves from energy level f to energy level d.

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Which terms identify two scalar quantities?

force and acceleration

impulse and distance

mass and velocity

energy and time

A motorcyclist, initially traveling east at 15 meters per second, accelerates uniformly at a rate of 3.0 meters per second squared east to a velocity of 21 meters per second east. How far does the motorcyclist travel while accelerating?

1.0 m

2.0 m

36 m

72 m

A battery-powered electric motor is used to cause the wheels of a toy car to rotate. In this motor, there is a conversion of

mechanical energy to electric energy

electric energy to chemical energy

thermal energy to electric energy

electric energy to mechanical energy

A projectile is launched horizontally from a height of 65 meters with an initial horizontal speed of 35 meters per second. What is the projectile’s horizontal speed after it has fallen 25 meters? [Neglect friction.]

22 m/s

35 m/s

41 m/s

280 m/s

The diagram below represents two forces, F_1 and F_2, acting concurrently on a block sliding on a horizontal, frictionless surface.
Which statement describes the motion of the block?

The block is accelerating to the right.

The block is accelerating to the left.

The block is moving to the right with constant speed.

The block is moving to the left with decreasing speed.

The magnitude of an unbalanced force applied to a 4.0-kilogram crate is 10. newtons. If the magnitude of this applied unbalanced force is doubled, the inertia of the crate is

halved

unchanged

doubled

quadrupled

A 60.-kilogram man is pushing a 30.-kilogram lawn mower. Compared to the magnitude of the force exerted on the lawn mower by the man, the magnitude of the force exerted on the man by the lawn mower is

one-quarter as great

one-half as great

the same

twice as great

The diagram below represents a roller coaster car traveling counterclockwise in a vertical circle.
When the car is in the position shown, what are the directions of the centripetal force acting on the car and the velocity of the car?

The centripetal force is directed to the right and the velocity is directed downward.

The centripetal force is directed downward and the velocity is directed to the right.

The centripetal force and velocity are both directed to the right.

The centripetal force and velocity are both directed downward.

An electric motor with a power rating of 6.48\times10^4 watts is used to raise an elevator weighing 2.80\times10^4 newtons at constant speed. What is the total time required for the motor to raise the elevator a vertical distance of 20.0 meters?

0.116 s

2.31 s

8.64 s

46.3 s

A person standing on a sidewalk hears the siren of an ambulance as it approaches, passes by, and goes away from the person. Compared to the frequency of the sound emitted by the siren, the frequency of the sound observed by the person during this event is

higher, only

lower, only

first higher and then lower

first lower and then higher

Which particles exhibit properties of waves in some experiments?

photons, only

electrons, only

both photons and electrons

neither photons nor electrons

The direction of the electric field at a point in space is defined as the direction of the force exerted by the field on a

test mass located at that point

magnetic north pole located at that point

negative test charge located at that point

positive test charge located at that point

A net force of one newton will

accelerate a 1-kg mass at 1.0 m/s2

accelerate a 1-kg mass at 9.8 m/s2

lift a 1-kg mass vertically at a constant speed of 1.0 m/s

lift a 1-kg mass vertically at a constant speed of 9.8 m/s

The elongation of a spring will be quadrupled if the magnitude of the force elongating the spring is

quartered

halved

doubled

quadrupled

The vector diagram below represents the path and distances run by a student in a cross-country race.
The displacement of the student from start to finish is

1.40 km north

1.40 km south

5.00 km north

5.00 km south

The diagram below shows the arrangement of three charged hollow metal spheres, A, B, and C. The arrows indicate the direction of the electric forces acting between the spheres.
What spheres have static charges of the same sign?

A and B, only

A and C, only

B and C, only

A, B, and C

Two small charged spheres are located distance d from each other and experience an electrostatic force of attraction, F_e. If the magnitude of charge of each sphere is tripled and F_e is unchanged, what other change must have occurred?

The signs of both charges are changed.

The sign of only one charge is changed

Distance d was increased by a factor of three

Distance d was increased by a factor of nine.

Compared to the resistance of an aluminum wire at 20°C, the resistance of a tungsten wire of the same length and diameter at 20°C is approximately

the same

twice as great

one-half as great

four times as great

How much energy is expended when a current of 5.00 amperes is in a 5.00 ohm resistor for 5.00 seconds?

25.0 J

125 J

625 J

3130 J

The amount of electric current through an unknown resistor may be measured by connecting

an ammeter in series with the resistor

an ammeter in parallel with the resistor

a voltmeter in series with the resistor

a voltmeter in parallel with the resistor

Which phenomenon represents a wave spreading out behind a barrier as the wave passes by the edge of the barrier?

diffraction

refraction

reflection

interference

A 1.00 kilometer length of copper wire, A, with a cross-sectional area of 1.00\times{10^−4} meter squared has a resistance of 0.172 ohm at 20°C. Another copper wire, B, is half as long and has twice the cross-sectional area of wire A. What is the resistance of copper wire B at 20°C?

0.0430 \space\Omega

0.0860 \space\Omega

0.172 \space\Omega

0.344 \space\Omega

The magnitude of electric force exerted on a small positive charge located between two oppositely charged parallel plates is

smallest near the positive plat

smallest near the negative plate

greatest midway between the plates

the same everywhere between the plates

An acoustic organ is a musical instrument with pipes. The oscillation of air molecules in the pipes of the organ produces sound waves that are

electromagnetic and longitudinal

electromagnetic and transverse

mechanical and longitudinal

mechanical and transverse

Which list identifies portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing frequency?

gamma ray, infrared, visible, ultraviolet

ultraviolet, visible, infrared, gamma ray

infrared, visible, ultraviolet, gamma ray

gamma ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared

A tuning fork is used to produce a sound wave having a frequency of 512 hertz. What is the wavelength of the sound wave in air at STP?

0.646 m

1.55 m

3.31 \times 10^2 m

5.86 \times 10^5 m

An amplified sound wave produced by an opera singer shatters a glass. Which phenomenon best explains this event?

diffraction

reflection

refraction

resonance

The diagram below represents a wave traveling in a rope in the direction indicated.

Which arrow represents the motion of a particle at point P at the instant shown?

If several resistors are connected in series in an electrical circuit, the potential difference across each resistor

varies directly with the resistance of each resistor

varies inversely with the resistance of each resistor

varies inversely with the square of the resistance of each resistor

is independent of the resistance of each resistor

In medium X, light with a wavelength of 3.44\times10^−7 meters travels at 2.20\times10^8 meters per second. In medium Y, this light has a wavelength of 3.12\times10^−7 meter. What is the speed of this light in medium Y?

2.00\times10^8 m/s

2.20\times10^8 m/s

2.43\times10^8 m/s

3.00\times10^8 m/s

A nuclear reactor produces 2.7\times10^{16} joules of energy per year. How much mass is converted to energy by the reactor in one year?

0.30 kg

0.90 kg

9.0\times10^7 kg

2.4\times10^{33} kg

The diagram below shows the initial charge and position of two identical conducting spheres on insulating stands.
If the spheres are brought into contact with each other and separated, sphere B will have a net charge of

-5\times10^-6 C

-2\times10^-6 C

+5\times10^-6 C

-4\times10^-6 C

An antimuon neutrino is a

lepton with a -le charge

lepton with 0 charge

meson with a -le charge

meson with 0 charge

The graphs below show the displacement of a certain particle in a medium versus time due to two periodic waves, A and B, traveling through the medium.

The superposition of the two waves will cause the particle of the medium to have a maximum displacement of

1.0 m

2.0 m

2.5 m

5.0 m

The diagram below represents a wire that is not part of a complete circuit, just above the poles of two magnets
Moving the wire downward between the poles in the direction shown in the diagram will

induce an alternating magnetic fi eld between the poles of the magnets

induce a potential difference between the ends of the wire

decrease the wire's resistivity

reverse the direction of the magnetic field

Which graph best represents the motion of an object traveling at a constant positive velocity?

A cannonball is fired with an initial velocity of 100. meters per second at an angle of 15.0° above the horizontal. What are the horizontal (v_x) and vertical (v_y) components of this velocity?

v_x=96.6 m/s, v_y=25.9 m/s

v_x=25.9 m/s, v_y=96.6 m/s

v_x=76.0 m/s, v_y=65.0 m/s

v_x=65.0 m/s, v_y=76.0 m/s

A 1200-kilogram car is moving at 10. meters per second when a braking force of 3000. newtons is applied. How much time is required to bring the car to rest?

0.40 s

2.5 s

25 s

4.0 s

Which graph best represents the relationship between the speed of light (f = 5.09\times10^{14} Hz) in a transparent medium and the absolute index of refraction of the medium?

A student uses a string to whirl a 0.25-kilogram mass in a horizontal circular path that has a 0.80-meter radius. If the magnitude of the centripetal force exerted on the mass with the string is 25 newtons, the speed of the mass is

2.8 m/s

8.9 m/s

11 m/s

80. m/s

A deuteron is formed by combining a proton and a neutron. The mass of a deuteron is 2.39\times10^−3 universal mass unit less than the combined masses of a proton and a neutron. This mass difference is equivalent to

2.56\times10^-6 MeV

2.23 MeV

2.39 MeV

2.15\times10^{14} MeV

A gravitational force of magnitude F exists between Earth and a satellite on Earth’s surface. The satellite is sent into orbit at a distance of three Earth radii above Earth’s surface, as shown in the diagram below.
What is the magnitude of the gravitational force between Earth and the satellite when the satellite is in orbit?

\frac{1}{16}F

\frac{1}{9}F

3F

4F

As part of an investigation on quantization, a student measured and recorded the mass of five identical containers, each holding a different number of pennies. The table shows the student’s data.
Based on the data, what is the most likely mass of one penny?

3.2 g

6.4 g

9.6 g

12.8 g

Which graph represents the relationship between the frequency and period of a wave?

What is the current in a conductor if 3.15\times10^{18} electrons pass a given point in the conductor in 10. seconds?

0.050 A

2.0 A

0.50 A

0.20 A

A particle with a charge of +3.0 nanocoulombs is placed in an electric field with a magnitude of 1500 newtons per coulomb. What is the magnitude of the electrostatic force exerted on the particle by the electric field?

4.5\times10^-6 N

5.0\times10^2 N

4.5\times10^{11} N

5.0\times10^{12} N

The graph below represents the motion of an airplane that starts from rest and takes off from a straight runway.

Which quantity is represented by the slope of the graph?

total distance traveled

displacement

average speed

acceleration

The diagram below represents two horizontal platforms that are at different heights above level ground. A ball rolls off the taller platform with a horizontal speed of 15 meters per second and travels through the air, landing on the top of the shorter platform.

What is the total time the ball is in the air? [Neglect friction.]

0.16 s

0.49 s

0.70 s

1.1 s

Four mechanical waves are created in the same medium over the same time interval. Which diagram represents the wave that transfers the greatest amount of energy?

Which diagram represents a light ray increasing in speed as it travels from one medium to another?

Question 53

53.

Determine the magnitude of the weight of the ice skater.

_______ N

Question 54

54.

Calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction between the ice skater and the ice. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

A 55-kilogram ice skater slides across a level ice surface and the force of friction acting on the skates has a magnitude of 11 newtons.

Question 55

55.

[Placeholder to align with Regents format - no response needed]

Question 57

57.

Determine the wavelength of the wave produced in the spring.

_______ m

Question 58

58.

Determine the total work done, in joules, by the 80.-newton force in pulling the box to the top of the incline.

_______ J

Question 59

59.

Determine the total amount of gravitational potential energy, in joules, gained by the box as it is pulled to the top of the incline.

_______ J

Question 60

60.

Explain why there is a difference between the total work done by the 80.-newton force in pulling the box to the top of the incline and the amount of gravitational potential energy gained by the box as it was pulled to the top of the incline.

Question 61

61.

Calculate the equivalent resistance of the circuit. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

Question 62

62.

[Placeholder to align with Regents format - no response needed]

Question 63

63.

Calculate the total current in the circuit. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

Question 64

64.

[Placeholder to align with Regents format - no response needed]

Question 65

65.

Compare the power dissipated by the 110.-ohm resistor to the power dissipated by the 220.-ohm resistor

Question 66

66.

Calculate the horizontal component of the ball’s initial velocity. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

Question 67

67.

[Placeholder to align with Regents format - no response needed]

Question 68

68.

Calculate the vertical component of the ball’s initial velocity. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

Question 69

69.

[Placeholder to align with Regents format - no response needed]

Question 70

70.

On the diagram in the Show Your Work space, draw an arrow originating at point P that represents the direction of the ball’s acceleration at point P.

Question 71

71.

Determine the total amount of elastic potential energy stored in the spring when the spring is compressed 0.10 meter.

_______ J

Question 72

72.

Assuming all of the spring’s energy is transferred to the 3.0-kilogram block, calculate the speed, v_1, of the 3.0-kilogram block immediately after it is propelled by the spring. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

Question 73

73.

[Placeholder to align with Regents format - no response needed]

Question 74

74.

Calculate the speed, v_2, of the two blocks after the collision. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

Question 75

75.

[Placeholder to align with Regents format - no response needed]

Question 76

76.

Determine the energy of the emitted photon, in electronvolts.

_______ eV

Question 77

77.

Determine the energy of the emitted photon, in joules.

_______ J

Question 78

78.

Calculate the frequency of the emitted photon. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

Question 79

79.

[Placeholder to align with Regents format - no response needed]

Question 80

80.

Based on your calculated value of the frequency of the emitted photon, determine its classification in the electromagnetic spectrum.

Question 81

81.

Use a protractor to determine the angle of incidence of the light ray at point O.

_______ \degree

Question 82

82.

Calculate the angle of refraction as the light ray leaves the fused quartz at point O and enters the air. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]

Question 83

83.

[Placeholder to align with Regents format - no response needed]

Question 84

84.

Starting at point O and using a protractor and ruler, draw the refracted ray at the appropriate angle of refraction on the diagram in the Show Your Work space.

Question 85

85.

Compare the frequency of the light in fused quartz to the frequency of the light in air.