To encourage Mrs. Coleman, a withdrawn schizophrenia patient, to be more socially active, institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. Staff members are making use of
active listening.
free association.
systematic desensitization.
a token economy.
classical conditioning.
Two years after being brutally beaten and raped, MaryAnn still experiences jumpy anxiety, has trouble sleeping, and has vivid flashbacks of her assault. MaryAnn is most clearly showing signs of
generalized anxiety disorder.
post-traumatic stress disorder.
bipolar disorder.
panic disorder.
social phobia.
The construction of an anxiety hierarchy and training in relaxation are important aspects of
interpersonal psychotherapy.
aversive conditioning.
biomedical therapy.
systematic desensitization.
stress inoculation training.
Harker is preoccupied with thoughts of jumping out the window of his tenth-floor apartment. To reduce his anxiety, he frequently counts his heartbeats aloud. Harker would most likely be diagnosed as experiencing a(n)
panic disorder.
generalized anxiety disorder.
bipolar disorder.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
phobia.
Mania is most likely to be characterized by feelings of
fear.
optimism.
ambivalence.
guilt.
indifference.
Leslie suffers from chronic depression. According to the social-cognitive perspective, how is she most likely to respond when told that she performed very poorly on a test she took the previous day?
“Yesterday was just my unlucky day.”
“Hardly any of the teachers in this school are effective classroom teachers.”
“I'm academically incompetent and always will be.”
“I suspect that none of the students in my class did well on that test.”
“The teacher in this course is probably one of the poorest teachers I have ever had.”
Researchers have suggested that the role-playing of fantasy-prone patients in response to the leading questions of therapists has often contributed to
schizophrenia.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
dissociative identity disorder.
agoraphobia.
bipolar disorder.
Mr. McGee, a long-term government employee, falsely believed that his supervisor was a communist agent who was putting poison in the employees' coffee. When Mr. McGee was referred to a psychiatrist, he claimed to be the grandson of Abraham Lincoln. Mr. McGee is most likely suffering from
agoraphobia.
schizophrenia.
an antisocial personality disorder.
dissociative identity disorder.
panic disorder.
Those who engage in spurts of excessive overeating, followed by remorse—but do not binge, purge, fast, or exercise excessively—are said to have
anorexia nervosa.
set point.
binge-eating disorder.
neophobia.
bulimia nervosa.
Schizophrenia is associated with an excess of receptors for
acetylcholine.
serotonin.
dopamine.
norepinephrine.
insulin.
Cognitive therapy works, top-down, by changing thought processes. Antidepressant drugs work, bottom-up, on the emotion-forming
brainstem.
medulla.
limbic system.
sensory cortex.
cerebellum.
Seeing one-eyed monsters would be a(n) ________. Believing that you are Christopher Columbus would be a ________.
delusion; compulsion
hallucination; compulsion
hallucination; delusion
obsession; delusion
obsession; compulsion
Just as Austin began telling his therapist about a painful childhood experience, he complained of a headache and abruptly ended the session. A psychoanalyst would most likely suggest that Austin's behavior is an example of
transference.
counterconditioning.
fixation.
tardive dyskinesia.
resistance.
In an effort to reduce his daughter's fear of the dark, Mr. Chew would hug and gently rock her immediately after turning off the lights at bedtime. Mr. Chew's strategy best illustrates the technique of
stress inoculation training.
counterconditioning.
unconditional positive regard.
light exposure therapy.
free association.
Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from a(n)
dissociative disorder.
dysthymic disorder.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
generalized anxiety disorder.
phobia.
One of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia includes
a feeling of euphoria.
flat affect.
a lack of guilt feelings.
an expressionless face.
hallucinations.
In a therapeutic setting, a client who wants to lose weight eats some favorite foods laced with a nausea-producing drug. Yet, outside the therapist's office, the client knows he or she can eat those foods without fear of nausea. This awareness contributes to the limited effectiveness of
spontaneous recovery.
aversive conditioning.
exposure therapy.
the double-blind procedure.
client-centered therapy.
During a marriage counseling session, the therapist suggests to Mr. and Mrs. Gallo that they each restate their spouse's comments before making their own. The therapist was applying a technique most closely associated with
EMDR.
systematic desensitization.
client-centered therapy.
cognitive-behavioral therapy.
psychoanalysis.
While he was studying, Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that he could not catch his breath. Matthew was most likely suffering from a(n)
dissociative disorder.
bipolar disorder.
panic attack.
dysthymic disorder.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A therapist who takes an eclectic approach is one who
prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychotherapy.
uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic approaches.
prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.
emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.
uses both token economies and behavior therapies.
Alejandro is extremely shy and is so easily embarrassed when he is with other people that he often misses his college classes just to avoid social interactions. Alejandro appears to suffer from a(n)
antisocial personality disorder.
dissociative disorder.
generalized anxiety disorder.
dysthymic disorder.
social anxiety disorder.
Illness anxiety disorder is characterized by
a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.
offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.
constant fear of new, strange situations.
disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity.
the misinterpretation of normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.
Transference refers to a client's
replacement of self-centeredness with a genuine concern for others.
expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships.
improving ability to avoid anxiety-arousing thoughts and focus on positive cognitions.
translation of threatening dream content into nonthreatening manifest symbols.
conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders.
The prominent feature of mood disorders is the experience of
emotional extremes.
social phobia.
flat affect.
paranoia.
anxiety.
Kammy vividly imagines being abused by her own mother while her therapist triggers eye movements by waving a finger in front of Kammy's eyes. The therapist is apparently using a technique known as
transference.
systematic desensitization.
virtual reality exposure therapy.
meta-analysis.
EMDR.
Repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ________ as repeatedly washing your hands is to ________.
depression; mania
schizophrenia; dissociation
delusion; phobia
anxiety; panic
obsession; compulsion
Which form of therapy is most likely to emphasize the importance of examining a person's role within a social system?
family therapy
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
psychoanalysis
cognitive therapy
Personality disorders are best described as
patterns of delusional and disorganized thoughts and feelings.
inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
prolonged periods of depressed mood or elevated/manic behavior.
symptoms of distress that are not caused by biological abnormalities.
disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of self-identity.
Ongoing patterns of behavior that interfere with normal day-to-day life are best characterized as
deviant.
antisocial.
atypical.
catatonic.
dysfunctional.
Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Waldorf remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Waldorf's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of
psychoanalysis.
behavior therapy.
systematic desensitization.
cognitive therapy.
client-centered therapy.
Anthony is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. He has swindled several older people out of their life savings, and he seems to have little feeling for his victims, nor does he fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
a dissociative disorder.
schizophrenia.
a personality disorder.
bipolar disorder.
Deep-brain stimulation involves the implantation of ________ into the cortex.
electrodes
stem cells
rTMS
DNA
lithium
Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie's behavior is most characteristic of
generalized anxiety disorder.
dissociative disorder.
an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
an antisocial personality disorder.
agoraphobia.
Dissociative disorders are most likely to be characterized by
panic attacks caused by new, stressful situations.
disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity.
a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state of emotion.
alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.
offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.
An antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by
a persistent, irrational fear of people.
delusions of grandeur.
a lack of guilt feelings.
episodes of intense autonomic nervous system arousal.
disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity.
Which of the following treatments is most likely to be used only with severely depressed patients?
electroconvulsive therapy
stress inoculation training
drug therapy
psychoanalysis
systematic desensitization
When Indio told his therapist, “I came to see what you could do for me,” the therapist responded, “It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?” The therapist's response illustrates the technique of
systematic desensitization.
transference.
active listening.
meta-analysis.
free association.
A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by
a persistent irrational fear of other people.
a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness.
feelings of personal worthlessness.
alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.
delusions of persecution.
Teaching people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond their control is of most direct concern to ________ therapists.
eclectic
cognitive
behavior
psychoanalytic
client-centered
To treat nail biting, one can paint a patient's fingernails with a bitter-tasting nail polish. This procedure best illustrates