Three-month-old Gabriel was obviously startled by the first ring of the telephone, but with each subsequent ring he seemed to become less reactive. This best illustrates the process of
Question 3
3.
Gender role refers to
Question 4
4.
Three-year-old Ziva calls all four-legged animals “kitties.” Her tendency to fit all four-legged animals into her existing conception of a kitten illustrates the process of
Question 5
5.
Horace, the youngest child of a high school athletic director, was able to roll over at 3 months, crawl at 6 months, and walk at 12 months. This ordered sequence of motor development was largely due to
Question 6
6.
Studies of monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants with
Question 7
7.
Mary believes that cognitive development is a matter of gradual and almost imperceptible changes over time. Her viewpoint is most directly relevant to the issue of
Question 8
8.
Christina is usually timid and fearful, whereas her sister Kathleen is typically relaxed and cheerful. The two sisters are most strikingly different in
Question 9
9.
Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to a fetus through the
Question 10
10.
Newborns have been observed to show the greatest visual interest in a
Question 11
11.
Incorporating new information into existing theories is to ________ as modifying existing theories in light of new information is to ________.
Question 12
12.
If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to
Question 13
13.
A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called a(n)
Question 14
14.
When Leroy’s mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Leroy is clearly near the beginning of Piaget's ________ stage.
Question 15
15.
Authoritative parents are likely to have children who
Question 16
16.
People whose sense of gender identity or gender expression differs from that typical of their birth sex are called
Question 17
17.
A baby girl receives a(n)
Question 18
18.
Lacking any exposure to language before adolescence, a person will never master any language due to the ________ of unemployed neural connections.
Question 19
19.
A critical period is a phase during which
Question 20
20.
On which of the following tasks is a 20-year-old most likely to outperform a 70-year-old?
Question 21
21.
Carol is distressed because post-childbirth complications prevented her from being in close physical contact with her child during his first few hours of life. Carol should be told that
Question 22
22.
Four-year-old Abby mistakenly believes that her mother would like to receive a toy doll as a Christmas present. This best illustrates Piaget's concept of
Question 23
23.
Infants develop a fear of strangers at about 8 months of age because they can't assimilate unfamiliar faces into their
Question 24
24.
Harmful chemicals or viruses that can be transferred from a mother to her developing fetus are called
Question 25
25.
When surrounded by men, a woman may become mindful of her gender because ________ often forms around one's distinctiveness.
Question 26
26.
During the course of successful prenatal development, a human organism begins as a(n)
Question 27
27.
One of the most consistently damaging teratogens is
Question 28
28.
As boys with explosive tempers grow older, they are especially likely to have difficulty maintaining good jobs and happy marriages. This fact is most relevant to the issue of
Question 29
29.
Five-year olds who were surprised to discover that a Band-Aids box contained pencils were able to anticipate their friend's false belief about the contents of the box. This best illustrates that the children had developed a
Question 30
30.
At 12 months of age Derek shows no more desire to be held by his own parents than by complete strangers. His behavior best illustrates
Question 31
31.
Who is likely to be the most popular student in the fifth-grade class?
a. Helmut, who is the tallest boy in the class
b. Jeff, who is the statistician for the basketball team
c. Rufus, who is just exiting the critical period
d. Sally, who is the most sexually mature girl in the class
e. Hara, who is below average in height and physical maturity
Question 32
32.
Avoiding physical punishment is to ________ morality as respecting the laws of society is to ________ morality.
Question 33
33.
“If you're really concerned about the rights and dignity of women,” Charles asked his older brother, “how can you justify buying pornographic magazines?” Charles’ question indicates that he is in the ________ stage of development.
Question 34
34.
Gilbert notices that his sausage is sliced into six pieces, whereas his brother's is sliced into nine pieces. He understands, however, that his brother's sausage is not actually any larger than his own. This indicates that Gilbert has by now reached the ________ stage of development.
Question 35
35.
Parents who make few demands on their children and use little punishment are
Question 36
36.
Primary sex characteristics are to ________ as secondary sex characteristics are to ________.
Question 37
37.
Which of the following is an example of imprinting?
Question 38
38.
Hiram, a 25-year-old law student, is heterosexual; his brother Herbert, a 21-year-old college senior, is homosexual. The brothers obviously differ in their
Question 39
39.
Teo's ability to reason hypothetically in his geometry class indicates that he is in the ________ stage of development.
Question 40
40.
Arya is a sensitive, responsive parent who consistently satisfies the needs of Zoe, her infant daughter.
According to Erikson, Zoe is likely to
different age groups are tested at the same time.
the behavior of a group is assessed by different researchers.
different characteristics of a given individual are assessed at the same time.
imprinting.
attachment.
accommodation.
a sense of being male or female.
a sense of being homosexual or heterosexual.
egocentrism.
assimilation.
habituation.
imprinting.
conditioning.
responsive parenting.
adequate nourishment.
body contact.
self-esteem.
continuity or stages.
behavior or mental processes.
concrete or operational stages.
temperament.
brain maturation.
intelligence.
neural networks.
placenta.
circular shape.
mirrored surface.
conservation; habituation
assimilation; accommodation
sensorimotor stage; preoperational stage
deal with the discipline of toilet training.
think about moral situations in abstract, hypothetical ways.
recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape.
schema.
temperament.
formal operational
conventional
preoperational
are rebellious and have low self-esteem.
are obedient but have low self-esteem.
have low self-concept but are egocentric.
transsexual.
bisexual.
X chromosome from her father and mother.
Y chromosome from her father.
maturation
temperament
parents frequently show impatience with a child's slowness in becoming toilet trained.
children frequently disobey and resist their parents.
certain events have a particularly strong impact on development.
recalling previously presented nonsense syllables
recalling words for a crossword puzzle
recalling previously presented names of cities
infants form attachments based mostly on nourishment, not physical contact.
as long as she can breast-feed her baby, no lasting damage will be done.
human infants do not have well-defined critical periods for the formation of a mother-infant attachment.
egocentrism.
attachment.
conservation.
schemas.
theory of mind.
teratogens.
menarche.
a secure attachment
social identity
fetus and finally develops into an embryo.
embryo and finally develops into a zygote.
embryo and finally develops into a fetus.
alcohol.
dopamine.
fluid or crystallized intelligence.
cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.
concrete or formal operations.
conventional morality.
self-concept.
secure attachment.
conservation.
object permanence.
habituation.
Helmut, who is the tallest boy in the class
Jeff, who is the statistician for the basketball team
Rufus, who is just exiting the critical period
Sally, who is the most sexually mature girl in the class
Hara, who is below average in height and physical maturity
postconventional; conventional
conventional; preconventional
preconventional; conventional
preconventional
concrete operational
formal operational
conventional
concrete operational
formal operational
egocentric.
authoritarian.
female breasts; deepened male voice
male testes; adrenal glands
adrenal glands; underarm hair
A 3-year-old girl is simultaneously learning two different languages.
A 2-week-old infant sleeps through the night for the first time.
A 1-day old duckling demonstrates attachment to a bouncing ball.
sexual response cycle.
sexual orientation.
set point.
concrete operational
postconventional
encounter some difficulty in forming an attachment to her father.
encounter some difficulty in overcoming the limitation of egocentrism.
change schema frequently to accommodate new situations.