An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is his or her
Question 2
2.
Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques
Question 3
3.
According to Freud, the unconscious is
Question 4
4.
According to Freud, thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge are
Question 5
5.
When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his
Question 6
6.
Freud suggested that in a healthy person the
Question 7
7.
When 16-year-old Hafez received a large inheritance from his grandfather, he was tempted to purchase an expensive new car. He decided, instead, to deposit all the money into a savings account for his college education. Hafez shows signs of a
Question 8
8.
One-year-old Melissa derives great pleasure from putting everything she touches in her mouth—toys, balls, Mom's keys, for example. Freud would have suggested that Melissa is going through the ________ stage of development.
Question 9
9.
Four-year-old John is very competitive with his father in trying to gain more attention from his mother. Freud would have suggested that John is going through the ________ stage of development.
Question 10
10.
Freud emphasized that unresolved childhood conflicts often lead to
Question 11
11.
According to Freud, defense mechanisms are used by the
Question 12
12.
Unconsciously motivated by miserliness, Mr. Rioja refused to send his son money to buy the books he needs for his college courses. In defending his actions, Mr. Rioja explained that “parental financial aid prevents teenagers from developing into mature, independent adults.” Mr. Rioja's explanation is an example of
Question 13
13.
Dane has unconscious impulses toward violent aggression, but his ego channels these impulses into his work as a district attorney, putting violent criminals in jail. Which defense mechanism is Dane’s ego employing?
Question 14
14.
Hasina was an abused child; as an adult, she is homeless and squanders any money she can find on alcohol. Alfred Adler would have suggested that Hasina suffers from
Question 15
15.
Karen Horney, a prominent neo-Freudian, disputed Freud's assumption that women
Question 16
16.
Of the following, who would be most interested in the fact that many cultures share stories containing a “hero” character, such as King Arthur of Great Britain, Quetzlcoatl of the Aztecs, and Hercules of the ancient Greeks?
Question 17
17.
Carl Jung emphasized the importance of ________ in personality functioning.
Question 18
18.
Mr. Fobert was asked by his psychotherapist to look at some ambiguous pictures and make up a story about each. Mr. Fobert was most likely taking the
Question 19
19.
Rona was asked by her psychotherapist to describe what she saw in 10 ambiguous inkblots. Rona was most likely responding to a(n) ________ test.
Question 20
20.
Which of the following theories has been criticized for proposing that development is fixed in
childhood?
Question 21
21.
Which perspective on personality emphasizes the importance of our capacity for healthy growth and self-realization?
Question 22
22.
Abraham Maslow suggested that those who fulfill their potential have satisfied the need for
Question 23
23.
Jin is searching for a sense of purpose in life that goes beyond fulfilling her own potential for growth and self-actualization. According to Maslow, Jin is striving for
Question 24
24.
Mrs. Sunstedt believes that parents should accept and try to understand their children's feelings and should honestly disclose their own inner feelings to their children. Her approach to parent-child interaction was most explicitly recommended by
Question 25
25.
Carl Rogers believed that in order to be a fully-functioning individual, you must
Question 26
26.
Nadine tells her therapist that she is jealous of her best friend's popularity and wants to tell everyone about her friend's negative traits. Nadine is afraid her therapist will criticize her for those thoughts, but instead the therapist expresses empathy for Nadine's feelings. This Rogerian therapist is offering
Question 27
27.
Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall far short of their ideal self experience
Question 28
28.
Which of the following would most likely be said by a critic of humanistic psychology?
Question 29
29.
Trait theorists are more concerned with ________ personality than with ________ it.
Question 30
30.
Characteristic patterns of behavior and conscious motives are called
Question 31
31.
The Big Five is the term currently used to refer to basic
Question 32
32.
A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of
Question 33
33.
Emotional instability is most closely related to the Big Five trait dimension of
Question 34
34.
Being sociable and fun-loving is most closely related to the Big Five trait dimension of
Question 35
35.
According to Bandura, reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences among
Question 36
36.
Because Mr. Maloney trusts his employees, he treats them very kindly. His kindness leads them to work diligently on his behalf, which in turn increases his trust in them. This pattern of trust, kindness, diligence, and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by
a. reaction formation.
b. the spotlight effect.
c. external locus of control.
d. reciprocal determinism.
Question 37
37.
A criticism of the social-cognitive perspective has been that it
Question 38
38.
When Taylor began tenth grade, all of his friends started “sagging,” wearing their pants below the waist. Whether Taylor conforms and begins dressing like his friends may best be predicted by
Question 39
39.
Jacinda failed her last history midterm. Which of the following conclusions would be most
representative of a self-serving bias on Jacinda's part?
Question 40
40.
Exaggerated feelings of self-importance are most closely linked with