An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is his or her
Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques
According to Freud, the unconscious is
According to Freud, thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge are
When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his
Freud suggested that in a healthy person the
When 16-year-old Hafez received a large inheritance from his grandfather, he was tempted to purchase an expensive new car. He decided, instead, to deposit all the money into a savings account for his college education. Hafez shows signs of a
One-year-old Melissa derives great pleasure from putting everything she touches in her mouth—toys, balls, Mom's keys, for example. Freud would have suggested that Melissa is going through the ________ stage of development.
Four-year-old John is very competitive with his father in trying to gain more attention from his mother. Freud would have suggested that John is going through the ________ stage of development.
Freud emphasized that unresolved childhood conflicts often lead to
According to Freud, defense mechanisms are used by the
Unconsciously motivated by miserliness, Mr. Rioja refused to send his son money to buy the books he needs for his college courses. In defending his actions, Mr. Rioja explained that “parental financial aid prevents teenagers from developing into mature, independent adults.” Mr. Rioja's explanation is an example of
Dane has unconscious impulses toward violent aggression, but his ego channels these impulses into his work as a district attorney, putting violent criminals in jail. Which defense mechanism is Dane’s ego employing?
Hasina was an abused child; as an adult, she is homeless and squanders any money she can find on alcohol. Alfred Adler would have suggested that Hasina suffers from
Karen Horney, a prominent neo-Freudian, disputed Freud's assumption that women
Of the following, who would be most interested in the fact that many cultures share stories containing a “hero” character, such as King Arthur of Great Britain, Quetzlcoatl of the Aztecs, and Hercules of the ancient Greeks?
Carl Jung emphasized the importance of ________ in personality functioning.
Mr. Fobert was asked by his psychotherapist to look at some ambiguous pictures and make up a story about each. Mr. Fobert was most likely taking the
Rona was asked by her psychotherapist to describe what she saw in 10 ambiguous inkblots. Rona was most likely responding to a(n) ________ test.
Which of the following theories has been criticized for proposing that development is fixed in
childhood?
Which perspective on personality emphasizes the importance of our capacity for healthy growth and self-realization?
Abraham Maslow suggested that those who fulfill their potential have satisfied the need for
Jin is searching for a sense of purpose in life that goes beyond fulfilling her own potential for growth and self-actualization. According to Maslow, Jin is striving for
Mrs. Sunstedt believes that parents should accept and try to understand their children's feelings and should honestly disclose their own inner feelings to their children. Her approach to parent-child interaction was most explicitly recommended by
Carl Rogers believed that in order to be a fully-functioning individual, you must
Nadine tells her therapist that she is jealous of her best friend's popularity and wants to tell everyone about her friend's negative traits. Nadine is afraid her therapist will criticize her for those thoughts, but instead the therapist expresses empathy for Nadine's feelings. This Rogerian therapist is offering
Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall far short of their ideal self experience
Which of the following would most likely be said by a critic of humanistic psychology?
Trait theorists are more concerned with ________ personality than with ________ it.
Characteristic patterns of behavior and conscious motives are called
The Big Five is the term currently used to refer to basic
A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of
Emotional instability is most closely related to the Big Five trait dimension of
Being sociable and fun-loving is most closely related to the Big Five trait dimension of
According to Bandura, reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences among
Because Mr. Maloney trusts his employees, he treats them very kindly. His kindness leads them to work diligently on his behalf, which in turn increases his trust in them. This pattern of trust, kindness, diligence, and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by
a. reaction formation.
b. the spotlight effect.
c. external locus of control.
d. reciprocal determinism.
A criticism of the social-cognitive perspective has been that it
When Taylor began tenth grade, all of his friends started “sagging,” wearing their pants below the waist. Whether Taylor conforms and begins dressing like his friends may best be predicted by
Jacinda failed her last history midterm. Which of the following conclusions would be most
representative of a self-serving bias on Jacinda's part?
Exaggerated feelings of self-importance are most closely linked with