Match the following functions with the types of organic molecules they belong in. The functions may match to more than one molecule type.
provide energy for the cell
component of cell membranes
catalyze chemical reactions
store genetic information
structure of cell walls
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Match the following types of molecules with the correct group of macromolecules.
waxes
glucose
fructose
DNA Polymerase
amylase
sterols
DNA
RNA
fat
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following are true statements about enzymes?
What are some examples of organic and inorganic molecules? Classify each object into the proper group.
ethanol (C2H5OH)
water (H2O)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
methane (CH4)
nitrates (NO31-)
diamonds (C)
disulfur (S2)
glycine (an amino acid; C2H5NO2)
Organic
Inorganic
Enzymes are biological
Cells use to power most cellular activities that require work. ATP is most often used to drive an reaction, or one that releases energy. In substrate-level phosphorylation, ATP is formed when a is transferred directly to ADP. ATP is synthesized by in oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthesis is driven by reactions
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Classify the following as a characteristic of prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both.
vacuoles
Golgi apparatus
ribosomes
nucleoid
mitochondria
cell membrane
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Both
Which of the following are components of the cell theory?
The cell theory of life is a fundamental concept in biology. Choose the correct word or phrases that explain how humans satisfy the cell theory.
Like all living things, the organs and tissues in the human body are made up of that form individual living units that can function independently from one another. Thus, they are the smallest in our body. All human children develop when unite to form a new organism.
A
Match the following organelles with their function.
| Stavka koja se može prevući | arrow_right_alt | Odgovarajuća stavka |
|---|---|---|
nucleus | arrow_right_alt | serves as a barrier to unwanted chemicals; controls which substances move into and out of the cell. |
lysosomes | arrow_right_alt | the fluid part of a cell |
mitochondria | arrow_right_alt | holds the genetic material of the cell |
endoplasmic reticulum | arrow_right_alt | a macromolecular complex enabling efficient packaging of DNA |
chloroplasts | arrow_right_alt | convert chemical energy obtained from food into energy-rich compounds |
Golgi apparatus | arrow_right_alt | produce sugars and starches via the process of photosynthesis |
chromatin | arrow_right_alt | contain digestive enzymes that break down food into simpler molecules |
cytosol/cytoplasm | arrow_right_alt | where proteins are modified and exported to the rest of the cell. |
cell membrane | arrow_right_alt | will hold ribosomes on its surface (rough) and are involved in detoxifying chemicals (smooth) |
Mitochondria supply
The kinetics of transport is the speed at which a cell transports a solute across a membrane. Active transport kinetics tends to have the shape of the graph shown below. Choose the best words or phrases that explain why the graph appears this way.
In active transport, there is a that is reached at very high extracellular concentrations of solute. This is because solutes move through during active transport. Since there is a available in the cell membrane, they can only transport a at a given time.
Classify the following as characteristics of either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell division by dragging them to the correct column.
A growth period separates the DNA replication and the actual cell division.
Division involves mitosis to associate a complete set of chromosomes with each daughter nucleus.
Divides by binary fission.
A single chromosome replicates, and two copies attach to either end of the cell membrane.
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic chromosomes are packaged into a condensed structure made of
Match the following terms or processes with the best definition.
| Stavka koja se može prevući | arrow_right_alt | Odgovarajuća stavka |
|---|---|---|
G2 | arrow_right_alt | Cell grows & prepares for DNA replication. |
G1 | arrow_right_alt | DNA replication occurs. |
M | arrow_right_alt | Cell checks for DNA erros & prepares to divide. |
S | arrow_right_alt | Cell division takes place and is completed. |
Read the following questions. Select those that could be answered through an investigation of chromosome structure.
Cell division describes the process by which one cell duplicates into two daughter cells. In prokaryotes, this is referred to as
The cell cycle is responsible for the reproduction of cells in the body. Place the steps of the cell cycle in order.
In a diagnosis of cancer, a doctor ordered a karyotype of a suspect tissue. The karyotype is returned as shown below, and it confirms his diagnosis of cancer. How does the karyotype confirm the doctor’s diagnosis?
Which of the following can engage in sexual reproduction? Select all that apply.
Complete the sentences to describe the steps in sexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction begins with meiosis, which results in male and female haploid . Sperm cells from the male organism fuse with the female egg cell in a process called . The resulting diploid cell, the , contains genetic information from both parents. This cell continues to divide via as it develops into an embryo and, later, a fetus.
Match each phrase to the correct category.
two daughter cells
crossing over occurs
four daughter cells
daughter cells are haploid
daughter cells are diploid
Mitosis
Meiosis
Asexual and sexual reproduction share many similarities and have many differences. Study the characteristics listed and then drag each into the correct column to classify it as either an asexual reproduction characteristic, a sexual reproduction characteristic, or both.
requires more energy input
offspring are genetically different from parent
produces offspring
involves one parent
involves two parents
involves cell division
no formation of gametes
essential for survival of species
offspring are genetically identical to parent
Asexual Reproduction Characteristic
Both Asexual Reproduction and Sexual Reproduction Characteristics
Sexual Reproduction Characteristic
Select the correct statements that belong to either haploid or diploid cells.
4 pairs of homologous chromosomes
4 non-homologous chromosomes
Gametes
Somatic cells
1N
2N
Diploid
Haploid
The process of forming sperm is called
Non-disjunction can lead to
Two human karyotypes are shown. Analyze each karyotype, and then choose the correct terms to complete the blanks in the summary paragraph.
Both karyotypes show examples of how occurring during meiosis can lead to , a condition in which one or more chromosome numbers are not normal. The individual corresponding to karyotype 1 has a condition known as , which is an example a(n) disorder. The individual corresponding to karyotype 2 has a condition known as , which is an example of a type of .
The cellular structures and functions of
The muscular system interacts with other body systems to perform life’s functions. Classify each of the following terms as belonging to the muscular system, another body system, or both by dragging them to the correct box.
adrenal gland
cell
heart
bone
neuron
vertebrae
biceps
ligament
tendon
connective tissue
cartilage
trachea
Muscular System
Other Body System
Both
Match the following organ system with an example of its function.
| Stavka koja se može prevući | arrow_right_alt | Odgovarajuća stavka |
|---|---|---|
respiratory | arrow_right_alt | Oxygen, nutrients, wastes, and chemical messengers are transported. |
circulatory | arrow_right_alt | Nutrients, salts, and water are broken down and absorbed |
digestive | arrow_right_alt | Growth, development, and metabolism are regulated. |
integumentary | arrow_right_alt | Fluid levels are maintained, and waste is eliminated. |
endocrine | arrow_right_alt | Responses to changes in the internal and external environment are regulated. |
excretory | arrow_right_alt | Gases such as O2, CO2, and water vapor are transferred. |
nervous | arrow_right_alt | Body temperature is regulated, and a barrier function is fulfilled. |
Multicellular organisms are organized in a hierarchical manner. Match the organism component with the correct level in the hierarchy.
Heart
Mitochondria
Xylem tracheid
Triceps
Neuron
Smooth Muscle
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organs in the digestive system sometimes fail. Doctors can diagnose this by analyzing a patient’s symptoms. Match each organ to a symptom that would occur if it failed.
| Stavka koja se može prevući | arrow_right_alt | Odgovarajuća stavka |
|---|---|---|
Small intestines | arrow_right_alt | The patient cannot eat through the mouth. |
Stomach | arrow_right_alt | The patient cannot properly reabsorb water from food. |
Esophagus | arrow_right_alt | The patient cannot store food for later digestion. |
Large intestines | arrow_right_alt | The patient cannot enzymatically break down proteins fully. |
1. A breastfeeding mother produces oxytocin and prolactin, which stimulate milk production. The action of her baby nursing at the mother’s breast stimulates the production of more oxytocin and prolactin, which stimulate more milk production.
2. When blood glucose rises, the pancreas releases insulin; when blood glucose concentration falls, the pancreas stops releasing insulin.
3. The adrenal gland produces adrenaline in response to a threatening situation. Adrenaline increases alertness and sends energy to muscles to prepare to fight or run away from danger. When the danger is averted, the adrenal gland stops producing adrenaline.
4. Wounded skin and blood cells send out chemical signals that increase the flow of blood, which causes swelling in the area. This sends out more signals that increase the flow of blood and blood products to the area, which increase the chemical signals.
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