Formative_DE_LE_Unit5 - Nicholas Meyer | Library

2

Match the following functions with the types of organic molecules they belong in. The functions may match to more than one molecule type.

provide energy for the cell
component of cell membranes
catalyze chemical reactions
store genetic information
structure of cell walls

Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids

2

Match the following types of molecules with the correct group of macromolecules.

waxes
glucose
fructose
DNA Polymerase
amylase
sterols
DNA
RNA
fat

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Nucleic Acids

1

Which of the following are true statements about enzymes?

2

What are some examples of organic and inorganic molecules? Classify each object into the proper group.

ethanol (C2H5OH)
water (H2O)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
methane (CH4)
nitrates (NO31-)
diamonds (C)
disulfur (S2)
glycine (an amino acid; C2H5NO2)

Organic
Inorganic

2

Enzymes are biological _______ that speed up biochemical reactions. Most enzymes are _______, but some are made of RNA. Catalysts make chemical reactions take place at _______ rates than they would without the enzyme. There are hundreds of different kinds of enzymes. Enzymes are specific to a _______ or group of chemical reactions. Like all catalysts, enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the amount of energy needed to get them going, called the _______.

2

Cells use ________ to power most cellular activities that require work. ATP is most often used to drive an _______________ reaction, or one that releases energy. In substrate-level phosphorylation, ATP is formed when a ____________________ is transferred directly to ADP. ATP is synthesized by_________________ in oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthesis is driven by______________ reactions

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2

Classify the following as a characteristic of prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both.

vacuoles
Golgi apparatus
ribosomes
nucleoid
mitochondria
cell membrane

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Both

1

Which of the following are components of the cell theory?

1

The cell theory of life is a fundamental concept in biology. Choose the correct word or phrases that explain how humans satisfy the cell theory.

Like all living things, the organs and tissues in the human body are made up of __________ that form individual living units that can function independently from one another. Thus, they are the smallest __________ in our body. All human children develop when __________ unite to form a new organism. 

1

A _______ lacks a membrane-bound nucleus. In contrast, a _______ has a distinct membrane-bound nucleus. This nucleus contains _______ of DNA. In contrast, in prokaryotic cells the DNA is not enclosed and usually is organized as a _______ chromosome. Furthermore, prokaryotic cells lack other membrane-bound _______. Eukaryotic cells contain well-defined organelles that are enclosed in _______.

3

Match the following organelles with their function.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
cell membrane		serves as a barrier to unwanted chemicals; controls which substances move into and out of the cell.
mitochondria		the fluid part of a cell
Golgi apparatus		holds the genetic material of the cell
chloroplasts		a macromolecular complex enabling efficient packaging of DNA
nucleus		convert chemical energy obtained from food into energy-rich compounds
endoplasmic reticulum		produce sugars and starches via the process of photosynthesis
lysosomes		contain digestive enzymes that break down food into simpler molecules
chromatin		where proteins are modified and exported to the rest of the cell.
cytosol/cytoplasm		will hold ribosomes on its surface (rough) and are involved in detoxifying chemicals (smooth)

1

Mitochondria supply _______ to the cell. They do this through a process called _______. In cellular respiration, oxygen combines with food molecules to release energy in the form of _______ . Cells use this ATP to provide energy necessary for key cellular processes. These, in turn, drive the activities of tissues, such as _______ and nerve impulses.

The kinetics of transport is the speed at which a cell transports a solute across a membrane. Active transport kinetics tends to have the shape of the graph shown below. Choose the best words or phrases that explain why the graph appears this way.

2

In active transport, there is a __________ that is reached at very high extracellular concentrations of solute. This is because solutes move through __________ during active transport. Since there is a __________ available in the cell membrane, they can only transport a __________ at a given time.

1

Classify the following as characteristics of either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell division by dragging them to the correct column.

A growth period separates the DNA replication and the actual cell division.
Division involves mitosis to associate a complete set of chromosomes with each daughter nucleus.
Divides by binary fission.
A single chromosome replicates, and two copies attach to either end of the cell membrane.

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

1

Eukaryotic chromosomes are packaged into a condensed structure made of _______, whereas chromosomes of prokaryotic cells are not packaged this way.

1

Match the following terms or processes with the best definition.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
G1		Cell grows & prepares for DNA replication.
M		DNA replication occurs.
S		Cell checks for DNA erros & prepares to divide.
G2		Cell division takes place and is completed.

1

Read the following questions. Select those that could be answered through an investigation of chromosome structure.

1

Cell division describes the process by which one cell duplicates into two daughter cells. In prokaryotes, this is referred to as _______ or prokaryotic fission. Cell division in all eukaryotes involves a process called _______. In mitosis, the replicated _______ is divided between the two _______ .

1

The cell cycle is responsible for the reproduction of cells in the body. Place the steps of the cell cycle in order.

1

In a diagnosis of cancer, a doctor ordered a karyotype of a suspect tissue. The karyotype is returned as shown below, and it confirms his diagnosis of cancer. How does the karyotype confirm the doctor’s diagnosis?

1

Which of the following can engage in sexual reproduction? Select all that apply.

2

Complete the sentences to describe the steps in sexual reproduction.

Sexual reproduction begins with meiosis, which results in male and female haploid __________. Sperm cells from the male organism fuse with the female egg cell in a process called __________. The resulting diploid cell, the __________, contains genetic information from both parents. This cell continues to divide via__________ as it develops into an embryo and, later, a fetus. 

2

Match each phrase to the correct category.

two daughter cells
crossing over occurs
four daughter cells
daughter cells are haploid
daughter cells are diploid

Mitosis
Meiosis

3

Asexual and sexual reproduction share many similarities and have many differences. Study the characteristics listed and then drag each into the correct column to classify it as either an asexual reproduction characteristic, a sexual reproduction characteristic, or both.

requires more energy input
offspring are genetically different from parent
produces offspring
involves one parent
involves two parents
involves cell division
no formation of gametes
essential for survival of species
offspring are genetically identical to parent

Asexual Reproduction Characteristic
Both Asexual Reproduction and Sexual Reproduction Characteristics
Sexual Reproduction Characteristic

2

Select the correct statements that belong to either haploid or diploid cells.

4 pairs of homologous chromosomes
4 non-homologous chromosomes
Gametes
Somatic cells
1N
2N

Diploid
Haploid

1

What is the name of this phase?

1

What is the name of this phase?

1

What is the name of this phase?

1

What is the name of this phase?

1

What is the name of this phase?

1

What is the name of this phase?

1

What is the name of this phase?

1

What is the name of this phase?

1

The process of forming sperm is called _______. The process of forming an egg is called _______. Ova and sperm serve the single purpose of producing an offspring. The first step to this goal is _______.

1

Non-disjunction can lead to _______, which is a condition in which an offspring has an abnormal number of chromosomes. _______ is the condition in which a daughter cell is missing a chromosome or part of a chromosome from one parent. _______ is a condition in which a daughter cell receives an additional chromosome from one of the parent cells.

1

Two human karyotypes are shown. Analyze each karyotype, and then choose the correct terms to complete the blanks in the summary paragraph.
Both karyotypes show examples of how ____________________ occurring during meiosis can lead to _______________ , a condition in which one or more chromosome numbers are not normal. The individual corresponding to karyotype 1 has a condition known as _________________________ , which is an example a(n) _______________ disorder. The individual corresponding to karyotype 2 has a condition known as __________________ , which is an example of a type of ____________ .

The muscular system interacts with other body systems to perform life’s functions. Classify each of the following terms as belonging to the muscular system, another body system, or both by dragging them to the correct box.

adrenal gland
cell
heart
bone
neuron
vertebrae
biceps
ligament
tendon
connective tissue
cartilage
trachea

Muscular System
Other Body System
Both

2

Match the following organ system with an example of its function.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
excretory		Oxygen, nutrients, wastes, and chemical messengers are transported.
nervous		Nutrients, salts, and water are broken down and absorbed
endocrine		Growth, development, and metabolism are regulated.
circulatory		Fluid levels are maintained, and waste is eliminated.
integumentary		Responses to changes in the internal and external environment are regulated.
digestive		Gases such as O2, CO2, and water vapor are transferred.
respiratory		Body temperature is regulated, and a barrier function is fulfilled.

2

Multicellular organisms are organized in a hierarchical manner. Match the organism component with the correct level in the hierarchy.

Heart
Mitochondria
Xylem tracheid
Triceps
Neuron
Smooth Muscle

Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ

1

Organs in the digestive system sometimes fail. Doctors can diagnose this by analyzing a patient’s symptoms. Match each organ to a symptom that would occur if it failed.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Esophagus		The patient cannot eat through the mouth.
Small intestines		The patient cannot properly reabsorb water from food.
Large intestines		The patient cannot store food for later digestion.
Stomach		The patient cannot enzymatically break down proteins fully.

2

 A breastfeeding mother produces oxytocin and prolactin, which stimulate milk production.  The action of her baby nursing at the mother’s breast stimulates the production of more oxytocin and prolactin, which stimulate more milk production. __________

When blood glucose rises, the pancreas releases insulin; when blood glucose concentration falls, the pancreas stops releasing insulin.__________

The adrenal  gland produces adrenaline in response to a threatening situation. Adrenaline increases alertness and sends energy to muscles to prepare to fight or run away from danger. When the danger is averted, the adrenal gland stops producing adrenaline.__________

Wounded skin and blood cells send out chemical signals that increase the flow of blood, which causes swelling in the area. This sends out more signals that increase the flow of blood and blood products to the area, which increase the chemical signals.__________