CSP AP EOY Vocab Test - Ron Hull | Library

Instructions

Complete this matching test.

Required

12

Unit 1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Sampling		A way of representing information using only two options.
Byte		A contraction of "Binary Digit"; the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1
Analog Data		8 bits
Intellectual Property		Error from attempting to represent a number that is too large.
Lossless Compression		Error from attempting to represent a number that is too precise. The value is rounded.
Round-off Error		Data with values that change continuously, or smoothly, over time. Some examples of analog data include music, colors of a painting, or position of a sprinter during a race.
Overflow Error		Data that changes discretely through a finite set of possible values
Bit		A process for creating a digital representation of analog data by measuring the analog data at regular intervals called samples.
Binary		A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something without losing any information. This process is reversible.
Lossy Compression		A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something in which some information is lost or thrown away. This process is not reversible.
Digital Data		A work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a piece of writing or a design, to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc.
Creative Commons		A collection of public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work, used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build

Required

15

Unit 2

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
IP Address		a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors
World Wide Web		a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose
Computing Device		a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.
Redundancy		the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver.
Internet		the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second.
HTTP		An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system
Packet		The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.
Internet Protocol (IP)		A type of computer that forwards data across a network
Path		A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all.
Router		the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.
Computing System		HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet
Digital Divide		a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device
Computing Network		a computer network consisting of interconnected networks that use standardized, open (nonproprietary) communication protocols.
Bandwidth		a system of linked pages, programs, and files.
Protocol		differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics

Required

13

Unit 3

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Development process		the inputs and outputs that allow a user to interact with a piece of software. User interfaces can include a variety of forms such as buttons, menus, images, text, and graphics.
Input		data that are sent to a computer for processing by a program. Can come in a variety of forms, such as tactile interaction, audio, visuals, or text.
Program Statement		any data that are sent from a program to a device. Can come in a variety of forms, such as tactile interaction, audio, visuals, or text.
Sequential Programming		a command or instruction. Sometimes also referred to as a code statement.
Debugging		a collection of program statements. Programs run (or “execute”) one command at a time.
User Interface		program statements run in order, from top to bottom.
Event Driven Programming		some program statements run when triggered by an event, like a mouse click or a key press
Event		a written description of how a command or piece of code works or was developed.
Program		form of program documentation written into the program to be read by people and which do not affect how a program runs.
Documentation		a collaborative programming style in which two programmers switch between the roles of writing code and tracking or planning high level progress
Pair Programming		Finding and fixing problems in an algorithm or program.
Comment		the steps or phases used to create a piece of software. Typical phases include investigating, designing, prototyping, and testing
Output		associated with an action and supplies input data to a program. Can be generated when a key is pressed, a mouse is clicked, a program is started, or by any other defined action that affects the flow of execution.

Required

10

Unit 4

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
String		a combination of operators and values that evaluates to a single value
Function Call		allows a program to change the value represented by a variable
Assignment Operator		a named reference to a value that can be used repeatedly throughout a program.
Logical operator		an ordered sequence of characters.
Variable		a data type that is either true or false.
Function		<, >, <=, >=, ==, != indicate a Boolean expression
Comparison Operators		NOT, AND, and OR, which evaluate to a Boolean value.
Conditional Statement		affect the sequential flow of control by executing different statements based on the value of a Boolean expression.
Boolean Value		a named group of programming instructions. Also referred to as a “procedure”.
Expression		a command that executes the code within a function

Required

7

Unit 5

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Iteration		an ordered collection of elements
Infinite loop		an individual value in a list that is assigned a unique index
Index		a common method for referencing the elements in a list or string using numbers
Traversal		a repetitive portion of an algorithm which repeats a specified number of times or until a given condition is met.
List		occurs when the ending condition will never evaluate to true.
Element		the process of accessing each item in a list one at a time.
Data abstraction		manage complexity in programs by giving a collection of data a name without referencing the specific details of the representation.

Required

18

Unit 6

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Unreasonable Time		a general description of a task that can (or cannot) be solved with an algorithm
Heuristic		a finite set of instructions that accomplish a task.
Selection		putting steps in an order.
Optimization Problem		deciding which steps to do next.
Sequencing		doing some steps over and over
Iteration		a measure of how many steps are needed to complete an algorithm
Sequential Computing		a search algorithm which checks each element of a list, in order, until the desired value is found or all elements in the list have been checked.
Linear Search		a search algorithm that starts at the middle of a sorted set of numbers and removes half of the data; this process repeats until the desired value is found or all elements have been eliminated.
Parallel Computing		Algorithms with a polynomial efficiency or lower (constant, linear, square, cube, etc.) are said to run in a reasonable amount of time.
Binary Search		Algorithms with exponential or factorial efficiencies are examples of algorithms that run in an unreasonable amount of time.
Decision Problem		provides a "good enough" solution to a problem when an actual solution is impractical or impossible
Speedup		a problem with a yes/no answer (e.g., is there a path from A to B?)
Efficiency		a problem with the goal of finding the "best" solution among many (e.g., what is the shortest path from A to B?)
Algorithm		a problem for which no algorithm can be constructed that is always capable of providing a correct yes-or-no answer
Distributed Computing		a model in which programs run in order, one command at a time.
Undecidable Problem		a model in which programs are broken into small pieces, some of which are run simultaneously
Reasonable Time		a model in which programs are run by multiple devices
Problem		the time used to complete a task sequentially divided by the time to complete a task in parallel

Required

6

Unit 7

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
API		a variable in a function definition. Used as a placeholder for values that will be passed through the function.
Argument		the value passed to the parameter
Return		used to return the flow of control to the point where the procedure (also known as a function) was called and to return the value of expression.
Parameter		a process and allows a procedure to be used only knowing what it does, not how it does it. Procedural abstraction allows a solution to a large problem to be based on the solution of smaller subproblems. This is accomplished by creating procedures to solve each of the subproblems.
Library		a group of functions (procedures) that may be used in creating new programs
Procedural abstraction		Application Program Interface - specifications for how functions in a library behave and can be used

Required

7

Unit 9

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Citizen Science		scientific research conducted in whole or part by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists, who contribute relevant data to research using their own computing devices.
Cleaning Data		a process that makes the data uniform without changing its meaning (e.g., replacing all equivalent abbreviations, spellings, and capitalizations with the same word).
Data bias		a relationship between two pieces of data, typically referring to the amount that one varies in relation to the other.
Data filtering		the practice of obtaining input or information from a large number of people via the Internet.
Correlation		the collection of facts and patterns extracted from data
Crowdsourcing		data that does not accurately reflect the full population or phenomenon being studied
Information		choosing a smaller subset of a data set to use for analysis, for example by eliminating / keeping only certain rows in a table

Required

11

Unit 10

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Decryption		includes a program as an integral part of its function. Can be physical (e.g. self-driving car), non-physical computing software (e.g. picture editing software), or non-physical computing concepts (e.g., e-commerce).
Malware		information about an individual that identifies, links, relates, or describes them.
Computing Innovation		a technique that attempts to trick a user into providing personal information. That personal information can then be used to access sensitive online resources, such as bank accounts and emails
Rogue Access Point		the use of a program to record every keystroke made by a computer user in order to gain fraudulent access to passwords and other confidential information
Phishing		software intended to damage a computing system or to take partial control over its operation
Keylogging		a wireless access point that gives unauthorized access to secure networks.
Public Key Encryption		a process of encoding messages to keep them secret, so only "authorized" parties can read it.
Symmetric Key Encryption		a process that reverses encryption, taking a secret message and reproducing the original plain text.
Personally Identifiable Information (PII)		involves one key for both encryption and decryption.
Multi-factor Authentication		pairs a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. The sender does not need the receiver’s private key to encrypt a message, but the receiver’s private key is required to decrypt the message
Encryption		a system that requires at least two steps to unlock protected information; each step adds a new layer of security that must be broken to gain unauthorized access