CSP AP EOY Vocab Test

Last updated almost 3 years ago

9 questions

Note from the author:

All the vocab for the CSP AP Test

Instructions

Complete this matching test.

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Unit 7

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Lossless Compression		A way of representing information using only two options.
Lossy Compression		A contraction of "Binary Digit"; the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1
Round-off Error		8 bits
Analog Data		Error from attempting to represent a number that is too large.
Sampling		Error from attempting to represent a number that is too precise. The value is rounded.
Binary		Data with values that change continuously, or smoothly, over time. Some examples of analog data include music, colors of a painting, or position of a sprinter during a race.
Digital Data		Data that changes discretely through a finite set of possible values
Byte		A process for creating a digital representation of analog data by measuring the analog data at regular intervals called samples.
Creative Commons		A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something without losing any information. This process is reversible.
Intellectual Property		A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something in which some information is lost or thrown away. This process is not reversible.
Bit		A work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a piece of writing or a design, to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc.
Overflow Error		A collection of public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work, used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build

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Packet		a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors
Internet Protocol (IP)		a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose
HTTP		a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.
Computing Network		the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver.
Internet		the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second.
Computing Device		An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system
IP Address		The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.
Path		A type of computer that forwards data across a network
Protocol		A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all.
Digital Divide		the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.
Bandwidth		HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet
World Wide Web		a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device
Router		a computer network consisting of interconnected networks that use standardized, open (nonproprietary) communication protocols.
Computing System		a system of linked pages, programs, and files.
Redundancy		differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics

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Program Statement		the inputs and outputs that allow a user to interact with a piece of software. User interfaces can include a variety of forms such as buttons, menus, images, text, and graphics.
Debugging		data that are sent to a computer for processing by a program. Can come in a variety of forms, such as tactile interaction, audio, visuals, or text.
Sequential Programming		any data that are sent from a program to a device. Can come in a variety of forms, such as tactile interaction, audio, visuals, or text.
Development process		a command or instruction. Sometimes also referred to as a code statement.
Event		a collection of program statements. Programs run (or “execute”) one command at a time.
Program		program statements run in order, from top to bottom.
Event Driven Programming		some program statements run when triggered by an event, like a mouse click or a key press
Comment		a written description of how a command or piece of code works or was developed.
Pair Programming		form of program documentation written into the program to be read by people and which do not affect how a program runs.
User Interface		a collaborative programming style in which two programmers switch between the roles of writing code and tracking or planning high level progress
Output		Finding and fixing problems in an algorithm or program.
Documentation		the steps or phases used to create a piece of software. Typical phases include investigating, designing, prototyping, and testing
Input		associated with an action and supplies input data to a program. Can be generated when a key is pressed, a mouse is clicked, a program is started, or by any other defined action that affects the flow of execution.

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Comparison Operators		a combination of operators and values that evaluates to a single value
String		allows a program to change the value represented by a variable
Expression		a named reference to a value that can be used repeatedly throughout a program.
Logical operator		an ordered sequence of characters.
Assignment Operator		a data type that is either true or false.
Function Call		<, >, <=, >=, ==, != indicate a Boolean expression
Variable		NOT, AND, and OR, which evaluate to a Boolean value.
Function		affect the sequential flow of control by executing different statements based on the value of a Boolean expression.
Conditional Statement		a named group of programming instructions. Also referred to as a “procedure”.
Boolean Value		a command that executes the code within a function

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Index		an ordered collection of elements
Data abstraction		an individual value in a list that is assigned a unique index
List		a common method for referencing the elements in a list or string using numbers
Infinite loop		a repetitive portion of an algorithm which repeats a specified number of times or until a given condition is met.
Iteration		occurs when the ending condition will never evaluate to true.
Element		the process of accessing each item in a list one at a time.
Traversal		manage complexity in programs by giving a collection of data a name without referencing the specific details of the representation.

CSP AP EOY Vocab Test

CSP AP EOY Vocab Test

Unit 7

Unit 1

Unit 2

Unit 3

Unit 4

Unit 5

Unit 6

Unit 7

Unit 9

Unit 10

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Linear Search		a general description of a task that can (or cannot) be solved with an algorithm
Algorithm		a finite set of instructions that accomplish a task.
Problem		putting steps in an order.
Parallel Computing		deciding which steps to do next.
Unreasonable Time		doing some steps over and over
Distributed Computing		a measure of how many steps are needed to complete an algorithm
Efficiency		a search algorithm which checks each element of a list, in order, until the desired value is found or all elements in the list have been checked.
Speedup		a search algorithm that starts at the middle of a sorted set of numbers and removes half of the data; this process repeats until the desired value is found or all elements have been eliminated.
Selection		Algorithms with a polynomial efficiency or lower (constant, linear, square, cube, etc.) are said to run in a reasonable amount of time.
Decision Problem		Algorithms with exponential or factorial efficiencies are examples of algorithms that run in an unreasonable amount of time.
Sequential Computing		provides a "good enough" solution to a problem when an actual solution is impractical or impossible
Undecidable Problem		a problem with a yes/no answer (e.g., is there a path from A to B?)
Sequencing		a problem with the goal of finding the "best" solution among many (e.g., what is the shortest path from A to B?)
Heuristic		a problem for which no algorithm can be constructed that is always capable of providing a correct yes-or-no answer
Reasonable Time		a model in which programs run in order, one command at a time.
Iteration		a model in which programs are broken into small pieces, some of which are run simultaneously
Optimization Problem		a model in which programs are run by multiple devices
Binary Search		the time used to complete a task sequentially divided by the time to complete a task in parallel

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Return		a variable in a function definition. Used as a placeholder for values that will be passed through the function.
Argument		the value passed to the parameter
Procedural abstraction		used to return the flow of control to the point where the procedure (also known as a function) was called and to return the value of expression.
Library		a process and allows a procedure to be used only knowing what it does, not how it does it. Procedural abstraction allows a solution to a large problem to be based on the solution of smaller subproblems. This is accomplished by creating procedures to solve each of the subproblems.
API		a group of functions (procedures) that may be used in creating new programs
Parameter		Application Program Interface - specifications for how functions in a library behave and can be used

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Information		scientific research conducted in whole or part by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists, who contribute relevant data to research using their own computing devices.
Cleaning Data		a process that makes the data uniform without changing its meaning (e.g., replacing all equivalent abbreviations, spellings, and capitalizations with the same word).
Correlation		a relationship between two pieces of data, typically referring to the amount that one varies in relation to the other.
Data bias		the practice of obtaining input or information from a large number of people via the Internet.
Citizen Science		the collection of facts and patterns extracted from data
Crowdsourcing		data that does not accurately reflect the full population or phenomenon being studied
Data filtering		choosing a smaller subset of a data set to use for analysis, for example by eliminating / keeping only certain rows in a table

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Malware		includes a program as an integral part of its function. Can be physical (e.g. self-driving car), non-physical computing software (e.g. picture editing software), or non-physical computing concepts (e.g., e-commerce).
Personally Identifiable Information (PII)		information about an individual that identifies, links, relates, or describes them.
Phishing		a technique that attempts to trick a user into providing personal information. That personal information can then be used to access sensitive online resources, such as bank accounts and emails
Decryption		the use of a program to record every keystroke made by a computer user in order to gain fraudulent access to passwords and other confidential information
Multi-factor Authentication		software intended to damage a computing system or to take partial control over its operation
Symmetric Key Encryption		a wireless access point that gives unauthorized access to secure networks.
Encryption		a process of encoding messages to keep them secret, so only "authorized" parties can read it.
Rogue Access Point		a process that reverses encryption, taking a secret message and reproducing the original plain text.
Computing Innovation		involves one key for both encryption and decryption.
Public Key Encryption		pairs a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. The sender does not need the receiver’s private key to encrypt a message, but the receiver’s private key is required to decrypt the message
Keylogging		a system that requires at least two steps to unlock protected information; each step adds a new layer of security that must be broken to gain unauthorized access