ESS Honors Final Exam 2023

Instructions

Essential HS.E2U1.15 
Construct an explanation based on evidence to illustrate the role of nuclear fusion in the life cycle of a  star.
Essential HS.E2U1.16 
Construct an explanation of how gravitational forces impact the evolution of planetary motion, structure, surfaces, atmospheres, moons, and rings.
Essential HS.E2U1.17 
Construct an explanation of the origin, expansion, and scale of the universe based on astronomical evidence.

Required

1

Briefly state the main reason that most scientists rejected Wegener's hypothesis when he first proposed Continental Drift?

Required

3

Using jargon (terms specific to this type of science) describe what is happening in the image below. State a minimum of 3 supporting details.

Required

1

Draw an image that represents Newton's Law of Gravitational Force. Be sure to (1.) label all of the parts, (2.) show all necessary arrows appropriately, and (3) contain enough information that you would be able to solve the problem. Do NOT solve the problem.

Required

3

Explain how activities of humans have impacted the rate at which climate change is happening. State at least 3 supporting details.

Required

3

Make comparisons between the solar nebula theory to that of the genesis (beginning) of a new star? Use jargon (specific terms for this area of science) appropriately in your answer.

Required

1

Two balls have their centers 5.0 m apart. One ball has a mass of 3.5 kg. The other has a mass of 7.6 kg. What is the gravitational force between them? Take a picture of your work and upload the picture. Also turn in your work to your instructor.

Required

2

Match the letter to the planet's name.

Required

1

Which statement(s) about the heliocentric and geocentric models are correct. Select all that apply

Required

1

The Solar Nebula collapsed on itself after circling at high velocity, creating enormous solar winds that gave way to which of the following features of the universe?

Required

3

Compare and contrast Jovian and Terrestrial Planets

	Jovian	Terrestrial
Atmospheres of these planet's are distinct and do not blend into the planet's surfaces.
Typically has multiple moons and can have rings.
After the collapse of the solar nebula, these landed furthest from the sun.
Mostly ice, rocks, and light weight gasses like hydrogen and helium.
These planet's cores are made of molten metal that are very hot.
These planets are smaller than the others.

Required

1

If the mass of a planet near the Sun were doubled, the force of attraction would __________.

Required

1

According to Kepler's laws, which of the following statements is true?

Required

1

If the radius of the planet's orbit were doubled in the diagram below, what effect would it have on its period of orbit?

Required

1

The time it takes a planet to complete one revolution is called the _______.

Required

1

How do Kepler’s laws of planetary motion compare to Newton’s laws of motion and Newton’s law of universal gravitation?

Required

1

Uranus takes 84.0 earth years to orbit the Sun. Determine the average distances from the sun for this planet. SHOW YOUR WORK

Required

1

The drawing below shows Earth's orbit. In this case, the twelve positions are each exactly 30 days apart. Comparing the arc of September to October the arc from December to January the

Required

1

Because of its changing proximity to the Sun, which property does Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion predict will change during a planet's orbit?

Required

1

The diagram below shows four points along Earth's orbit as it revolves around the Sun. The shaded area in the section bounded by points 1 and 2 is the same as the shaded area in the section bounded by Points 3 and 4.
Which statement accurately compares the conditions at these four points?

Required

1

Which statement is a direct implication of Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion?

Required

1

In this drawing, a planet is orbiting around the Sun. How does Newton’s universal gravitation affect the movement of the planet as it approaches the Sun?

Required

1

Which of the following describes the relationship between Kepler's first law and Newton's law of gravitation.

Required

1

Given the following information, calculate the eccentricity Planet QRZTA's orbit. The mathematically calculated foci is 15 kilometers from the sun. The minor axis of the orbit is 20 kilometers and the major axis is 50 kilometers.

Required

1

Nuclear fission involves

Required

1

Why does nuclear fusion require high pressures and temperatures?

Required

7

Match the following to the correct nuclear reaction:

	Nuclear Fission	Nuclear Fusion
Heavy nuclei splitting into two lighter ones
Provides a greater energy output
Radioactive waste byproducts
Helium as a byproduct
Occurs in Stars and the Sun
Controlled energy
Combining lighter nuclei together

Required

1

Do all stars make energy through fusion?

Required

1

Which reaction does not occur naturally?

Required

1

Isotopes are...

Required

1

What isotope(s) are used during stellar fusion to form the byproduct?

Required

1

The main sequence of a star is an important part of a star's life cycle because...

Required

4

List the order of the life cycle of an average size star

Required

1

A young star that has just started the fusion of hydrogen is called a ____________________.

Required

4

Match the description with the stage

	Protostar	Main sequence	Red Giant	Neutron star
Collection of gas, dust and molecules
All parts of the atom explodes leaving only neutrons behind
Core temperature and pressure is high enough to initiate nuclear fusion
core collapses and outer shell sheds

Required

4

Match the process with the correct star cycle

Required

1

Which type of tectonic plates go under other tectonic plates?

Required

1

Drilling samples revealed that rock samples taken farther from a mid-ocean ridge are

Required

1

When continental plates collide what landform is made?

Required

1

Rocks on the sea-floor that lie in a pattern, show a record of the reversals of

Required

1

Magnetic stripes are ____________ on opposite sides of the mid ocean ridge.

Required

1

What helped the scientists to figure out that seafloor is not flat?

Required

1

What broke apart to form the current continents?

1

What were Wegner's lines of evidence? Select ALL that apply

Required

1

Name the type of boundary seen in the diagram.

Required

1

Which gases contribute to green house effect? Select all that apply

Required

1

As the human population grows, what happens to our natural-resource requirements?

Required

1

One reason why people should be aware of the impact of their actions on the environment is that...

Required

1

Human Activity that would have a negative impact on the Earth includes which of the following?

Required

1

Which of the following would be considered a renewable resource? Select ALL that apply.

Required

1

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
Mercury
Mars
Jupiter
Venus
Uranus
Neptune
Earth
Saturn

	white dwarf	red giant	planetary nebula	stellar nebula
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4

	Massive Star Cycle	Average Star Cycle
Supernova
White Dwarf
Neutron Star
Red Giant

Briefly state the main reason that most scientists rejected Wegener's hypothesis when he first proposed Continental Drift?

Using jargon (terms specific to this type of science) describe what is happening in the image below. State a minimum of 3 supporting details.

Draw an image that represents Newton's Law of Gravitational Force. Be sure to (1.) label all of the parts, (2.) show all necessary arrows appropriately, and (3) contain enough information that you would be able to solve the problem. Do NOT solve the problem.

Explain how activities of humans have impacted the rate at which climate change is happening. State at least 3 supporting details.

Make comparisons between the solar nebula theory to that of the genesis (beginning) of a new star? Use jargon (specific terms for this area of science) appropriately in your answer.

Two balls have their centers 5.0 m apart. One ball has a mass of 3.5 kg. The other has a mass of 7.6 kg. What is the gravitational force between them? Take a picture of your work and upload the picture. Also turn in your work to your instructor.

Match the letter to the planet's name.

Which statement(s) about the heliocentric and geocentric models are correct. Select all that apply

The Solar Nebula collapsed on itself after circling at high velocity, creating enormous solar winds that gave way to which of the following features of the universe?

Compare and contrast Jovian and Terrestrial Planets

If the mass of a planet near the Sun were doubled, the force of attraction would __________.

According to Kepler's laws, which of the following statements is true?

If the radius of the planet's orbit were doubled in the diagram below, what effect would it have on its period of orbit?

The time it takes a planet to complete one revolution is called the _______.

How do Kepler’s laws of planetary motion compare to Newton’s laws of motion and Newton’s law of universal gravitation?

Uranus takes 84.0 earth years to orbit the Sun. Determine the average distances from the sun for this planet. SHOW YOUR WORK

The drawing below shows Earth's orbit. In this case, the twelve positions are each exactly 30 days apart. Comparing the arc of September to October the arc from December to January the

Because of its changing proximity to the Sun, which property does Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion predict will change during a planet's orbit?

The diagram below shows four points along Earth's orbit as it revolves around the Sun. The shaded area in the section bounded by points 1 and 2 is the same as the shaded area in the section bounded by Points 3 and 4.Which statement accurately compares the conditions at these four points?

Which statement is a direct implication of Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion?

In this drawing, a planet is orbiting around the Sun. How does Newton’s universal gravitation affect the movement of the planet as it approaches the Sun?

Which of the following describes the relationship between Kepler's first law and Newton's law of gravitation.

Given the following information, calculate the eccentricity Planet QRZTA's orbit. The mathematically calculated foci is 15 kilometers from the sun. The minor axis of the orbit is 20 kilometers and the major axis is 50 kilometers.

Nuclear fission involves

Why does nuclear fusion require high pressures and temperatures?

Match the following to the correct nuclear reaction:

Do all stars make energy through fusion?

Which reaction does not occur naturally?

Isotopes are...

What isotope(s) are used during stellar fusion to form the byproduct?

The main sequence of a star is an important part of a star's life cycle because...

List the order of the life cycle of an average size star

A young star that has just started the fusion of hydrogen is called a ____________________.

Match the description with the stage

Match the process with the correct star cycle

Which type of tectonic plates go under other tectonic plates?

Drilling samples revealed that rock samples taken farther from a mid-ocean ridge are

When continental plates collide what landform is made?

Rocks on the sea-floor that lie in a pattern, show a record of the reversals of

Magnetic stripes are ____________ on opposite sides of the mid ocean ridge.

What helped the scientists to figure out that seafloor is not flat?

What broke apart to form the current continents?

What were Wegner's lines of evidence? Select ALL that apply

Name the type of boundary seen in the diagram.

Which gases contribute to green house effect? Select all that apply

As the human population grows, what happens to our natural-resource requirements?

One reason why people should be aware of the impact of their actions on the environment is that...

Human Activity that would have a negative impact on the Earth includes which of the following?

Which of the following would be considered a renewable resource? Select ALL that apply.

What is a positive for increased human population?

The diagram below shows four points along Earth's orbit as it revolves around the Sun. The shaded area in the section bounded by points 1 and 2 is the same as the shaded area in the section bounded by Points 3 and 4.
Which statement accurately compares the conditions at these four points?