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Homework - Down the Drain

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Last updated about 1 year ago
11 questions
Note from the author:

Background information


Endocrine Disruption is Inherently Toxic

International Endocrine Society: • A hormone disruptive substance is an exogenous chemical, or mixture of chemicals, that interferes with any aspect of hormone action.

“Environmental chemicals that interfere with any aspect of hormone action should be presumed to produce adverse effects.”

The Great Lakes have faced various threats for years, from industrial pollution to invasive species, but another challenge worries many researchers these days — the emerging chemical threat.

It’s not just pesticides, as scientists are finding worrying levels of pharmaceutically active compounds such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, anti-epileptics, and beta blockers in lake water. As well, hormones, pesticides and alkylphenols have been identified as threats.

These products and medicines flushed down toilets and dumped into sinks are not stopped at water treatment plants, which are not geared to deal with them

A new report prepared for the International Joint Commission by two Windsor, Ont., researchers has outlined the threats the chemicals pose. The International Joint Commission was formed by the U.S. and Canadian governments to find solutions to problems in the Great Lakes Basin.

The compounds "are receiving attention due to their potential adverse effects on animals and humans at low levels of exposure," said the report, co-authored by Merih Otker Uslu and Nihar Biswas of the University of Windsor. They sound a warning later in the report, which is a review of data collected from 2007-11. "The toxic effects on aquatic organisms, alterations on the reproductive system of aquatic organisms and the promotion of the development of resistant bacterial strains representing a health risk to humans, are among the adverse effects of these compounds.

Background information


Endocrine Disruption is Inherently Toxic

International Endocrine Society: • A hormone disruptive substance is an exogenous chemical, or mixture of chemicals, that interferes with any aspect of hormone action.

“Environmental chemicals that interfere with any aspect of hormone action should be presumed to produce adverse effects.”

The Great Lakes have faced various threats for years, from industrial pollution to invasive species, but another challenge worries many researchers these days — the emerging chemical threat.

It’s not just pesticides, as scientists are finding worrying levels of pharmaceutically active compounds such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, anti-epileptics, and beta blockers in lake water. As well, hormones, pesticides and alkylphenols have been identified as threats.

These products and medicines flushed down toilets and dumped into sinks are not stopped at water treatment plants, which are not geared to deal with them

A new report prepared for the International Joint Commission by two Windsor, Ont., researchers has outlined the threats the chemicals pose. The International Joint Commission was formed by the U.S. and Canadian governments to find solutions to problems in the Great Lakes Basin.

The compounds "are receiving attention due to their potential adverse effects on animals and humans at low levels of exposure," said the report, co-authored by Merih Otker Uslu and Nihar Biswas of the University of Windsor. They sound a warning later in the report, which is a review of data collected from 2007-11. "The toxic effects on aquatic organisms, alterations on the reproductive system of aquatic organisms and the promotion of the development of resistant bacterial strains representing a health risk to humans, are among the adverse effects of these compounds.
9

What Are Hormones?

Hormones are special chemicals your body makes to help it do certain things – like grow up! Hormones are important when you start to go through puberty, which is when you begin developing into an adult. During this time, you're loaded with hormones that tell your body that it's time to start changing.

Example
Insulin is an important hormone. It regulates the amount of sugar in your blood. That sugar, called glucose, is the body's main source of fuel.

Question 1
1.
The glands of the endocrine system __________. They regulate all of the processes of the body and make sure they get to where they need to be on time.

Each hormone has __________. Glands are spread throughout the body. A lot of them are controlled by a gland in the brain called the __________. A pituitary gland also produces __________, which is what makes us grow big and tall. Teh pancreas makes insulin and the nervous system handles adrenaline.

Thyroid hormones regulate how __________ from the food we eat. That is called metabolism. Adrenal glands control the release of adrenaline, which is some powerful stuff used in __________.

The __________is the biggest gland of the endocrine system. It produces insulin, a chemical that's help the body process energy from the food we eat.

The reproductive glands make sure that the body goes through the changes of puberty so that you can grow from a child to an adult. The ovaries oversee puberty in girls by secreting a hormone called __________. The testes secrete __________ for development in boys. The are like sports team coaches.
Any time you flush a toilet or run a faucet, you produce wastewater. When chemicals are added to wastewater, they sometimes can end up in lakes and rivers, threatening wildlife. In recent years, scientists have discovered that when the chemical estrogen is in wastewater, it harms wild fish populations.

Estrogen is chemical responsible for sexual development and reproduction in female vertebrates. It is produced naturally in the body, but it also is in medications that many women take. Like other chemicals in drugs, estrogen is released in urine and ends up in wastewater.
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5
Question 3
3.
When do you produce wastewater? __________

When chemicals are added to wastewater, they sometimes can end up in __________, threatening wildlife.

What chemical harms wild fish populations__________

Estrogen is chemical responsible for __________.

How do chemicals from prescription medication get into wastewater? __________
1
If even a small amount of estrogen gets into waterways, it can have a huge impact on local fishes. The chemical disrupts the organs that enable them to reproduce. Most fishes are not born male or female. Instead, environmental factors, such as temperature, food availability, and social interactions, determine which sex organs they develop. In a healthy habitat, some fishes produce eggs and others produce the sperm to fertilize eggs. However, increased levels of estrogen in the water can affect the the expression of traits in fish.

Data collected in the field and in the laboratory show that estrogen affects how fish develop. When exposed to estrogen, males produce fewer or no sperm and some even produce eggs. Many female stop producing eggs. Without healthy males and females, these fish populations drop.

Lake Experiment

To understand estrogen's effects on wild fish, scientists released small amounts of the chemical into a lake in Ontario, Canada. They observed drastic changes in the fathead minnows that had been living thriving in the lake. The females produced fewer eggs. The males produced fewer sperm or began to develop eggs. After 3 years, the minnow population had nearly disappeared. Once scientists stopped adding estrogen, the fish population began to recover.
1
5
Question 6
6.
__________ fishes are not born male or female. Instead, environmental factors, such as __________, food availability, and social interactions, determine which sex organs they __________.

Estrogen in wastewater __________

Once scientists stopped adding estrogen, did the fish recover? __________
1
Trim Start | 00:31
Trim End | 02:49
Question 8 | 01:09
Question 9 | 02:10
Question 10 | 02:49
00:00/00:00
Question 8
01:09
Question 9
02:10
Question 10
02:49

It's your turn


Research how pesticides or other chemicals are affecting a particular animal species. include the name of the chemical, how it is used, and how it affects the animal. Create a warning label for the product to warn consumers of the effects.


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Question 11
11.

Research how pesticides or other chemicals are affecting a particular animal species. include the name of the chemical, how it is used, and how it affects the animal.

Create a warning label for the product to warn consumers of the effects.

Question 7
7.

To understand estrogen's effects on wild fish, scientists released small amounts of the chemical into a lake in Ontario, Canada. What drastic changes did they find?