6 Issue: 2021 Wakefield Standoff

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6 Issue: 2021 Wakefield Standoff

Last updated about 2 years ago

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‘Rise of the Moors’ Standoff Shuts Down I-95: Who Are They and What Do They Believe?
Police arrested members of a Rhode Island–based militia after a lengthy standoff. The suspects are part of a group that believes that they are not bound by U.S. law.
BY ANDREA MARKS

JULY 7, 2021

Source: Rolling Stone

OVER THE WEEKEND, a bizarre roadside standoff on a major highway in Massachusetts stymied holiday traffic for nearly nine hours before ending in 11 arrests of people from a militia group called Rise of the Moors, who law enforcement said described themselves as adhering to “Moorish sovereign ideology.”

A little before 2 a.m. on Saturday, a Massachusetts State Trooper noticed two cars stopped on Interstate 95 with their hazard lights on, and people outside the cars attempting to fill up their gas tanks, so he pulled over. Police said the officer encountered several men dressed in military fatigues and armed with handguns and rifles. They did not have licenses to carry firearms. The men claimed they were traveling from Rhode Island to Maine for “training,” according to police. They reportedly refused to put down their weapons, at least initially, wouldn’t show identification, and some fled into nearby woods while the officer called for backup.

“You can imagine, 11 armed individuals standing with long guns slung on an interstate highway at two in the morning certainly raises concerns and is not consistent with the firearms laws that we have here in Massachusetts,” State Police Col. Christopher Mason told reporters Saturday morning.

In the pre-dawn hours, a standoff unfolded, causing police to close traffic on the six-lane interstate in both directions. The militia wanted to be allowed to continue traveling to their destination, but the cops refused to let them leave, while trying to keep the situation from escalating to violence. Mason said police worked with negotiation teams while using armored vehicles to gradually tighten the perimeter around the men. At around 10:00 a.m., police arrested 11 people, including one 17-year-old minor, on several firearms charges, as well as conspiracy to commit a crime and use of body armor in a crime. Some suspects were also charged with giving a false name to police.

Extremist experts have identified the Rise of the Moors as part of the sovereign citizens movement, made up of hundreds of thousands of people who believe they don’t need to obey U.S. law. Sovereign citizens lack centralized leadership, instead comprising small groups nationwide. They have bedeviled law enforcement and other government workers for decades, with the Moorish-identifying offshoot representing just a small contingent of a larger extremist group.

Who are sovereign citizens, and what do they believe?
The sovereign citizens are a wide-ranging anti-government extremist group, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center. Their core belief is that they don’t need to follow U.S. laws and shouldn’t have to pay taxes. “They [believe they] don’t need to abide by laws and sometimes, depending on the circumstance, will actually go and commit criminal acts within this sort of ideology,” says Rachel Goldwasser, a research analyst for the SPLC who specializes in anti-government groups and sovereign citizens. The ideology has roots in anti-semitism and white supremacy as well as conspiracy theories, including the claim that the government established by the founding fathers was, at some point in history, secretly switched out for a new government that enslaved citizens.

Notorious for “paper terrorism,” sovereign citizens have been known to file fake tax forms to get enemies — often government workers — audited by the IRS, or to use fraudulent property liens to try to steal their homes. They are known for clogging court systems with hundreds of pages of filings protesting routine processes like having to buy a dog license or pay a traffic ticket.

Occasionally, in the past, sovereign citizens’ run-ins with law enforcement have escalated to violence. In 2010, father and son sovereign citizens Jerry and Joseph Kane killed two police officers with an AK-47 during a traffic stop in Arkansas. The suspects fled the scene before being killed in the ensuing shootout with authorities responding to the first shooting.

Violence like this caused the FBI to label some sovereign citizens domestic terrorists in 2010, and makes it all the more fortunate that the standoff on I-95 was resolved without gunfire from either side. “There absolutely is a threat from these groups,” Goldwasser says. “And people need to at least be aware of who they are and where they are.”

So who are the Moorish sovereign citizens?
Moorish sovereign citizens emerged in the early 1990s as a largely African-American offshoot of the larger sovereign citizens ideology. The SPLC website says Moorish sovereigns believe African Americans, specifically, have “sovereign immunity” that excuses them from following state and federal law.

According to Goldwasser, they interpret sovereign citizens’ ideology through the lens of the teachings of the Moorish Science Temple of America, which was founded in 1913 by the Noble Drew Ali, whom they consider a prophet. According to the World Heritage Encyclopedia, Ali valued Islam and its teachings, and believed all African Americans were Moors descended from ancient Moabites in Northwest Africa and that this history had been hidden from them. His followers added suffixes like Ali, Bey, or El to their last names to signify their Moorish heritage.

The MSTA continues to be a small religious sect, separate from the Moorish sovereigns who co-opt its prophet and teachings to support their sovereign ideology. “They, in fact, did have sovereigns in their ranks, and they made it extremely clear that sovereigns weren’t welcome,” Goldwasser says, referring to the MSTA. “I worry that people aren’t able to differentiate that there’s Moors [members of the religious sect], who are, for the most part, very peaceful, law-abiding citizens and Moorish sovereigns who are sometimes peaceful but not nearly as law-abiding.”

Another group of Moorish sovereign citizens were in the news last week, as well, after TikTok user @regblackgrl documented a group’s attempt to commandeer her home. They sent her fake legal documents, she said, claiming the house she’d purchased was the ancestral home of someone affiliated with Moorish sovereign citizens, and while she was away they reportedly broke in and changed the locks.

Who was the specific group at the standoff?
Rise of the Moors is one group of Moorish sovereigns based in Rhode Island. Goldwasser has had this specific faction on her radar since they sued the Providence police department in 2019 for interrupting a lecture. On the Rise of the Moors website, however, the group claims not to be a sovereign citizens group. (Rise of the Moors did not immediately respond to a request for comment.) A video on the group’s YouTube page appears to have live-streamed the encounter on I-95. “We are not anti-government,” a man dressed in military attire says, gesturing to what appears to be the Moroccan flag. “Our nation, which — our flag is right here — has a treaty with your government.” He later adds, “We are not anti-police, we are not sovereign citizens, and we are not black identity extremists.” At an arraignment on Tuesday, one suspect described the Rise of the Moors as a “well-regulated militia.”

According to Goldwasser, a group’s cumulative behavior and rhetoric matters more than its claims. “Many sovereign citizens claim they’re not sovereign citizens, but that is the blanket term that is used for people that have decided they are no longer going to be citizens of the United States and are instead going to become part of a sovereign body,” she says. “What matters is that they are in the U.S. and are in fact citizens; you cannot renounce your citizenship in a way that gives you the right to stop following U.S. law.”

RISE OF THE MOORS - FAQ PAGE
Who are the Moors?
Moors, historically, are known as ‘The Revealers of the Light’. We are mostly known for educating many civilizations and paving the way for Europe's Renaissance and Enlightenment.

​Because of Moorish innovation and science came algebra, arithmetic, compasses and tools of navigation, astronomy, cosmology; our mastery of pens and printing; advances in medicine and the understanding of how disease spreads and how it can be healed through plants and other medicinal herbs.

Moorish culture has given us elegant architecture; Moors are known for their poetry and music, William Shakespeare is known to have studied at the feet of Moorish poets and play writers during the renaissance (13th – 16th century. The Moorish Universities established in Al-Andalusia (Spain) during Moorish administration were the center for learning for centuries and from these universities (e.g. Oxford University) came the world’s most famous African scholars, doctors, philosophers, statesmen, poets, artists, painters, lawyers, politicians, authors and men of letters.

Who is Drew Ali?
Noble Drew Ali was born in the State of North Carolina, January 8th 1886, born of Cherokee descent, destined to become the first Patriot of the fallen Moors here in America. At the age of 16 he traveled to Egypt to begin his journey of Prophet hood and study where all the masters were to be taught. He was anointed as ‘El Hajj Sharif Abdul Ali’ by the heads of Egypt and the Holy City of Mecca to return to North America as the Last Prophet in this era of time and Founding Father of the newly risen Nation of Moorish Americans who’ve been branded ‘Negro’, ‘Blacks’, ‘Coloreds’, ‘Indians’ and ‘Latinos’. At the age of 27 he established the Old Canaanite Temple, a civic organization to bring the fallen Moors back into the constitutional fold of government and mend the connection between us and our ancestors that had been severed due to our identity crisis.

SAVIOUR OF HUMANITY
In this electrified age men are racing into this life without complete knowledge of where they are going, or what the end will be, when riches seem to be their only pursuit, to be obtained anyway and at any cost; when selfishness, avarice, greed and lust dominate their very being; when humanity in general is left at the mercy of those who have no mercy in them. It is truly wonderful and astounding to see one come into this mad human drama for the sole purpose of saving humanity. Losing all sight on those things worldly and yielding absolutely to a cause higher than has ever yet been attained. This picture is the likeness of Prophet Noble Drew ALI. who is serving humanity.

Coming as he does with a message for the nations in somewhat the same manner as did Jesus, Mohammed, Buddha, Confucius and other prophets of their day. Only the things of this prophet's day differ from the ills of the days of the past; and yet the remedy for the ills of today is about the same as the remedies for the days past; all turning about the pivot Love -love for humanity.

Humanity must be lifted from the unwholesome depths of poverty, misery and suffering and placed on the solid rock of salvation. There are some who claim to do this but upon investigation, one finds that they have slouched under the wings of their cross to extract from those who come to them, means by which they can have the pleasures of this life, while they point their followers to joy after death. While they "feed their sheep" they also shear them while eating. At the close of their day the Master will be heard to tell them, "You have your reward, get thee hence."
Rare is it that you find a real prophet whose mission is the salvation of the nations. The land is full of false prophets whose mission is to fleece the people.
The time was and now is that there should come into the land a prophet in the likeness of his brothers, to redeem them from sin and slavery. Truly this Prophet Noble Drew Ali is the man, bringing with him the message of Love, Truth, Peace, Freedom, and Justice. which alone can save the nations. Like the coming of Jesus, he does not come from the elect, nor the rich, nor the mighty in worldly power, but all power is given unto him to do good. This power is from Allah.

It will be his works that will make men of every nation accept the truth that he brings. It will be through his teachings that the nations of the earth will understand the will of the Master; it will be through him that "Peace on earth and good will to all men" shall come. It will be through his work that humanity will be brought from the slime of life and placed on the solid rock of salvation.

​After leaving North Carolina, he moved to Newark, New Jersey, where he worked as a train expressman. In 1913, Drew Ali formed the Canaanite Temple in Newark. He left the city after agitating people with his views on nationality. Drew Ali and his followers migrated, while planting congregations in Philadelphia; Washington, D.C., and Detroit. Finally, Drew Ali settled in Chicago in 1925, saying the Midwest was "closer to Islam." The following year he officially registered Temple No. 9.

There he instructed followers not to be confrontational but to build up their people to be respected. In this way, they might take their place in the United States by developing a cultural identity that was congruent with Drew Ali's knowledge on personhood. In the late 1920s, journalists estimated the Moorish Science Temple had 35,000 members in 17 temples in cities across the Midwest and upper South. The ushers or heads of the Temple wore black fezzes. The leader of a particular temple is known as a Grand Sheik, or Governor. The Moorish Science movement was reportedly studied and watched by the Chicago police and eventually investigated by the FBI who had several Moors as informants against the Movement.
 
Drew Ali attended the 1929 inauguration of Illinois Governor Louis Lincoln Emmerson. The Chicago Defender stated that his trip included "interviews with many distinguished citizens from Chicago, who greeted him on every hand." With the growth in its population and membership, Chicago was established as the center of the Moorish Science movement.

Internal split and murder
In early 1929, following a conflict over funds, Claude Green-Bey, the business manager of Chicago Temple No. 1 split from the Moorish Science Temple of America. He declared himself Grand Sheik and took a number of members with him. On March 15, Green-Bey was stabbed to death at the Unity Hall of the Moorish Science Temple, on Indiana Avenue in Chicago.

Drew Ali was out of town at the time, as he was dealing with former Supreme Grand Governor Lomax-Bey (professor Ezaldine Muhammad), who had supported Green-Bey's attempted coup. When Drew Ali returned to Chicago, the police arrested him and other members of the community on suspicion of having instigated the killing. No indictment was sworn for Drew Ali at that time.
Death

Shortly after his release by the police, Drew Ali died at age 43 at his home in Chicago on July 20, 1929. The exact circumstances of his death are unknown. Despite the official report on his death, many of his followers speculated that his death was caused by injuries from the police or from other members of the faith. Others thought it was due to pneumonia. One Moor told The Chicago Defender that "The Prophet was not ill; his work was done and he laid his head upon the lap of one of his followers and passed out." His funeral took place on July 25, 1929, with hundreds attending. The services were held at the Pythian Temple in Chicago, followed by the burial at Burr Oak Cemetery in nearby Alsip.

The death of Drew Ali brought out a number of candidates who vied to succeed him. Edward Mealy El stated that he had been declared Drew Ali's successor by Drew Ali himself, while John Givens-El, Drew Ali's chauffeur, declared that he was Drew Ali reincarnated. However, the governors of the Moorish Science Temple of America declared Charles Kirkman-Bey to be the successor to Drew Ali and named him Grand Advisor. All three factions (Kirkman Bey, Mealy El, and Givens El) are active today.

Legacy
Wallace Fard Muhammad, the founder of Nation of Islam, was previously a prominent member of the Moorish Science Temple of America, where he was known as David Ford-El. After Drew Ali's death, he claimed to be the Prophet reincarnated. When his leadership was largely rejected, he broke away from the Moorish Science Temple, moved to Detroit, and founded the Nation of Islam. Nation of Islam leaders denied any historical connection to the Moorish Science Temple of America, until February 26, 2014, when Louis Farrakhan acknowledged Noble Drew Ali's contribution to the Nation of Islam.
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In 1986, the Moroccan Ambassador to the United States officially recognized the Moorish Science Temple's Islamic linkage to Morocco through Drew Ali.

Are the Moors Masons?
Masonry is the preservation of Moorish Science and its various applications, for example the administration of government.

In fact, the ‘Ancient Arabic (Moorish) Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine’, now known as ‘Shriners international’ or simply ‘Shriners’, a group of Master Masons, get their title Potentate, a high-ranking officer within masonry, from Minister – Plenipotentiary. The position granted to John Adams, Benjamin Franklyn, Thomas Jefferson etc. to negotiate the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the Moorish Empire and the United States colonies.

It was the Sultan of Morocco, his Imperial Majesty Muhammed Ibn Abdullah, who was the first sovereign to recognize the Europeans as an independent body politic / nation of people.

(See ‘The Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the Moroccan Empire and the United States (1786 – 1787), Treaty of Tripoli (1796 – 1797) and The American Constitution 1791 Article 6.)

​The word 'Masonry' is derived from the philosophical nature of the relationship between a Mother and her Son; the only two beings on this plant. Every woman is a mother and she produces a son who will eventually mate with another woman and make her a mother. In fact, there are no "Marriages" only 'Matrimonies'. The word 'Matri' denotes mother, the suffix '-mony' denotes quality, role, function, or status.  Thus the real ceremony is when a male impregnates a woman and turns her into a mother, as the act of mating and bringing forth a child has been considered one of the highest expressions of love. To be bound so deeply, to agree to bring forth life is an act of love in deed.

What is the Moorish Science temple of America?
The Moorish Divine and National Movement, is guided by the great God Allah, to which his Prophet the Noble, Drew Ali, established several Moorish Science temples on American soil to help facilitate the reversion of our estate.

The social and political operations of the Moorish Divine and National Movement, started with “The Old Canaanite Temple” established and founded by Drew Ali in 1913. It then became “The Moorish Holy Temple of Science” in 1925. Considering the movement became largely religious the temples then adopted a religious affidavit and changed name in 1928 to “The Moorish Science Temple of America.”
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Each temple is to teach our people that we are not “negros,” “blacks,” “colored’s,” “Spanish,” nor “Indians”. As well as to teach those things necessary to become better men and women within society. Drew Ali made it a point, that he desired for us to know of our higher-self and lower-self, so we may cleanse ourselves of the cares of the world and take our places amongst the affairs of men, by administrating our own Free National government. Inclusive of the teaching of jurisprudence and enforcement of our American Constitution. Temples are to teach history, as history and law must be taught hand in hand. The Temples are also established to deal with the now de facto United States corporation company that overthrew the Moorish Imperial Divan in 1861 posturing as legitimate government. It has been proven that these European colonizers will not bring us justice, this is one of the reasons why, in the divine Constitution and bylaws, Act 5, Drew Ali mentions schools within every temple, because from our schools come the leaders of the nation.

The National Officers of the Moorish Science Temple of America are collectively known as 'The Supreme Grand Council", they were to organize, direct and coordinate a nation wide movement to teach all Moors in America their nationality and their divine creed. Each local temple in every State was presided over by a Grand Sheik. Each State was presided over by a Grand Governor of the State, and the entire organization was presided over by the national officers consisting of the Supreme Grand Advisor and Moderator, the Grand Treasurer and the Grand Financial Secretary.

Within every temple there is to be a member chosen to represent ‘The Grand Body,’ to which that grand body is to elect ‘The 7 Eyes of Allah’ also known as the ‘Supreme Grand council,’ to which, will elect the ‘Supreme Grand Chairman’. The Supreme Grand Council is to treat issues arising from temples that is outside of the temple Sheiks jurisdiction, as well as to treat affairs and or disputes between temples; inclusive of deciding which temples are out of order, aligning them up and holding them to what Noble Drew Ali established and to ensure the "Movement" aspect of the Moorish Divine and National Movement.

“The Supreme Grand Council will have power and duty to control and supervise all the affairs and properties of the Moorish Science Temple of America, and they will be the sole judge of what constitutes conduct injurious to the order, peace, interest or welfare of the organization, or at variance with its constitution and by-laws, also the rules and regulations made by the Prophet, and shall be the sole judge of the sufficiency of the evidence by which such conduct is shown.” -Hold session of Moorish science body

Ali's True Successor
Edward Mealy El (born Edward Mealy; September 17, 1870 – 1935), often known as E. Mealy El, was a Moorish-American religious leader who was Prophet Noble Drew Ali's successor as head of the Moorish Science Temple of America. He was appointed the first Assistant Chairman of the Moorish Science Temple of America by Prophet Noble Drew Ali on June 1 of 1927. On August 1 of the same year he received an appointment to General Chairman from the Prophet Drew Ali. In February 1928, Mealy El was made Grand Sheik and Chairman of the Moorish Science Temple of America by appointment of the Prophet Noble Drew Ali. By the close of the first annual convention of the Moorish Science Temple of America (October 15–20) Edward Mealy El was promoted to Supreme Grand Sheik of the organizations highest tribunal and executive cabinet, the Supreme Grand Council. In all his appointments, he was unanimously approved by the "Grand Body", or, executive heads of all subordinate temples within the Moorish Science Temple of America. In February 1929, an annual corporation report filed with the Illinois Secretary of State lists Edward Mealy El as President of the Moorish Science Temple of America Inc.

Upon Drew Ali's death on July 20, 1929, Mr. Mealy El continued to run the organization. Edward Mealy El died in 1935.

​Noble Drew Ali died on July 20, 1929, and his attorney, Aaron Payne, tried to unite the Moorish Science movement under his leadership. He was unsuccessful, and several of Drew Ali's former disciples emerged to vie for power amidst the leadership vacuum. Mealy El stated that he had been declared Drew Ali's successor by the Prophet himself. In August, John Givens El, Drew Ali's chauffeur, declared that he was Drew Ali reincarnated. He is said to have fainted while working on Drew Ali's automobile and "the sign of the star and crescent [appeared] in his eyes".

Mealy El was present at the Second Annual National Convention of the Moorish Science Temple of America, or "Unity Conference," in September 1929. As the end of the convention neared, hours were spent discussing the Prophet's intentions. Around this time, John Givens El entered the chamber and sat himself on the Prophet's empty seat. He announced:

I am back. I am the Prophet Noble Drew Ali, reincarnated, and Prophet Noble Drew Ali, the founder. We two are one in the same.

A silence fell over the convention chamber. Despite this, the convention delegates did not vote for Givens El to lead the Moorish Science Temple of America. Instead, with two-thirds of the votes, the grand sheikhs elected Mealy El was the first Supreme Grand Sheikh and C. Kirkman Bey as his Grand Advisor. Ultimately, the election was not accepted by all members, and both Givens El and Kirkman Bey went on to lead their own factions of the Moorish Science Temple. Kirkman Bey took Mealy El to court to try to gain legal leadership over the denomination, but lost each time. On My 7, 1931, Judge Eberhart ruled in his favor in the case of C. Kirkman vs. E. Mealy El. In response, Kirkman Bey created his own organization, called the "Moorish Science Temple of America, Inc," taking most of the Moors with him.

By then, Mealy El only retained leadership over Temple No. 1 in Chicago, but possessed Drew Ali's original documents. Several years after the leadership feud, Mealy El suffered a stroke and was sent to live with his family in Mississippi by his wife, Dealia, who was unable to care for him. He died in late 1935 while on a business trip, no longer living in Chicago due to infighting. Following his death, Dealia Mealy El inherited Noble Drew's papers and used them to place, William Morris El, who she was rumored to have started a relationship with after her husband's death, in the position of Supreme Grand Sheikh. Over time, his leadership was rejected by many of the members of Temple No. 1. In response, some of them turned Noble Drew Ali's documents over to Charles Kirkman Bey, thus strengthening his legitimacy as Noble Drew Ali's successor.
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Doesn’t Moor just mean black?
Moor does not mean black. The noun ‘Moor’ is a shortened variant of the word Moroccan.

The word Moroccan is a modern name for Ancient Moabite. After the continued fall of the Moorish Empire from about 1492, the Treaty of Grenada, Spain – The Coup of 1861 when the United States Congress adjourned sine die, or ‘With out day’, the national identity of the people who controlled the ancient empires of the world was removed from history.

We are not black, we are Moors. Those people branded as Dominicans, Haitians, Tainos, etc. do not come from blacks, they are descendants of Moors, hence the Spanish word, Morena and Moreno.

The Moors of North America have been branded “black” by European Colonial occupiers of our land in order to strip us of our illustrious history. Our ancient Moabite, Canaanite and Hittite blood lines tie us to the Ancient Olmecs of Central Amexem (America), the Aztecs (Mexica) even the Dogon of Mali. Our ancient ancestors are the possessors of great ancient cities and kingdoms such as Sumer, Mari, Timbuktu, Carthage, Córdoba, Mauritania (North Africa) and Tamari (Egypt / Kemet). Our disconnect from recognizing our ancient blood line, nationality and heritage is the very reason why the Pale-Skin-Black-Nations-of-Europe have been administrating the earth and we have been suffering.

What is nationality?
Nationality is the quality or character which arises from the fact of a person's belonging to a nation or state. Nationality determines the political status of the individual, especially with reference to allegiance; while domicile determines his civil status.

When you think of a ‘Japanese’ person, you often think of they way they carry themselves, their culture, traditions, maybe even food, clothing or religion and depending on your level of scholarship, you may even think of their history. The Japanese people may raise their children in a specific manner that may differ from other nations etc. the combination of all of these things can be related to the non-tangible concept of ‘Nationality’.
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Nation. noun – a country under one government, group of people of common descent; From Latin nātiōnem, denoting ‘birth’, from nāscī, ‘to be born’. Related to ‘native’ adjective. From Latin nātīvus, innately, produced by birth, natural, belonging to a person because of his birth, from nāscī, ‘to be born’,’beget’.

Are Moors sovereign citizens?
Moors are not ‘Sovereign Citizens’, as sovereignty does not stand alone, sovereignty and nationality can be considered synonymous. The record show that the Moors are the organic or original sovereigns of this land – America. When we declare our nationality as Moorish Americans we are taking back the position as the aboriginal people of the land, to which the sovereign power is vested in.
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As an example, the Chinese people are the sovereigns of China, the Irish people are the sovereigns of Ireland, the Brazilians are the sovereigns of Brazil etc.

A Frenchmen does not have sovereign power over China. A Brazilian does not have sovereign power over Libya, an Egyptian does not have sovereign power over Angola etc. etc.

A sovereign is defined as ‘A person, body, or state in which independent and supreme authority is vested; a chief ruler with supreme power; a king or other ruler with limited power.’

Evidence of Moors having sovereignty or supreme power over the Americas can be found in Gorege Washington’s letter to the Sultan of Morocco, Muhammed Ibn Abdullah December 1st 1789, whereas Gorge Washington states the following;
 
“The encouragement which Your Majesty has been pleased, generously, to give to our commerce with your dominions, the punctuality with which you have caused the Treaty with us to be observed, and the just and generous measures taken in the case of Captain Proctor, make a deep impression on the United States and confirm their respect for and attachment to Your Imperial Majesty.”
 
Dominion is defined as - Ownership, or right to property or perfect or complete property or ownership. Sovereignty or lordship; as the dominion of the seas.
 
In the civil law, with reference to the title to property which is transferred by a sale of it, dominion is said to be either "proximate" or "remote," the former being the kind of title vesting in the purchaser when he has acquired both the ownership and the possession of the article, the latter describing the nature of his title when he has legitimately acquired the ownership of the property but there has been no delivery.
 
When doing more research on the subject-matter, in the preamble of the Treaty with Morocco and the United States it is declared that the ‘Founding Fathers’ were in fact not the founders of anything, but were Ministers – Plenipotentiary, granted permission from the Sultan of Morocco to negotiate the Treaty on behalf of the various Europeans doing business here in North America – Morocco the extreme west. Article 6 of the same treaty will show you that we were in fact the superior power in the negotiations. Article 10 will give you insight into the reason why the Star-Spangled banner. Article 14 and 23 will reveal to you that Morocco was the first country to recognize the United Sates as a independent quasi-nation. Article 16 will reveal that Mexico is ipso facto part and parcel of the Moroccan Empire, hence the Marine Corps hymn ‘From the Halls of Montezuma to the shores of Tripoli’. Article 17 shows the influence of our power made an impact on Article 1 section 10 clause 1 of the American Constitution and more contemporary, Article 20 clause 2 of the United Nations Declaration on Human rights. Article 20 reveals the root behind Article III of the American Constitution of 1791 – Diversity of citizenship and Article 11 of the Treaty of Tripoli will reveal that contrary to popular beLIEf, the United States is not a Christian country.