8th-Chapter 11: Lesson 11.2 Drug Abuse pg. 343

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16 questions

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Draggable item		Corresponding Item
methamphetamine		use of addictive, illegal drugs
heroin		drug made up of dried parts of the cannabis plant
hallucinogens		drug that usually comes in the form of white powder made from the leaves of the coca plant
inhalants		stimulant that speeds up brain functions
cocaine		drugs that alter the way people view, think, and feel about things, causing hallucinations
fentanyl		illegal opioid that has dangerous side effects and is very addictive
club drugs		prescription opioid more powerful than morphine; sometimes cut with heroin
marijuana		several different types of drugs that young people may abuse at parties, bars, and concerts
drug abuse		chemicals that people breathe in to experience some type of high

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Health Effects of Drug Abuse
As you know, _______  are substances that cause _______  and _______  changes in the body. These substances are often _______  and can cause serious _______ .

_______  occurs when a person uses _______ , illegal drugs. People take them to experience a _______ , fit in with friends, or escape from reality or negative feelings. Drug abuse can lead to substance use disorders (Figure 11.8). The more a person uses a drug, the more the person is at risk of developing a _______  on the drug. A person with a substance use _______  uses a drug despite harmful or negative consequences.

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List the Stages of Substance Use Disorder.

Stage 1: _______ 
Stage 2: _______ 
Stage 3: _______ 
Stage 4: _______ 
Stage 5: _______ 

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How Drugs Affect the Brain
People often think it is _______  to experiment with drugs, but this is untrue. _______  can lead to regular use and addiction.

Many drugs cause a _______  by triggering the brain to release lots of _______ , a chemical that causes _______ . In response, the brain starts producing less dopamine naturally, leading to _______  and pleasure without the drug. The body develops tolerance and then _______ . In this way, using drugs easily leads to addiction and a substance use disorder.

Many illegal drugs interfere with the brain region that regulates _______ . As a result, people who abuse drugs have _______ . They are more likely to engage in _______ . Drugs can negatively influence people's _______  regarding sexual activity. Drug abuse also impairs a person’s ability to drive, causing more _______ .

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Other Health Effects

_______  and addiction can cause symptoms in most body systems because drugs are carried in the _______  throughout the body. In the _______ , drugs can cause _______ , hypertension, blood clots, and heart infections. In the respiratory system, _______  or _______  damages the lungs and increases the risk of _______  infections.

Contaminated _______  can transmit human immunodeficiency virus (_______ ), which suppresses the immune system. They can also _______ , a viral liver infection which may lead to permanent damage in the digestive system. Certain drugs cause vomiting and stomach pain and bleeding. In the urinary system, drug abuse can permanently damage the _______ .

The use of drugs while pregnant can cause miscarriage, _______ , and _______  in the baby. People who use drugs have a risk of _______ , or taking more of a drug than the body can process. Overdoses can _______  someone within hours or minutes.

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Mental, Social, and Legal Consequences
Like _______ , drug abuse and addiction can lead to _______ . Drug abuse interferes with _______  and makes people more likely to engage in _______ . Drug abuse also makes _______  conditions and illnesses worse. When people use drugs to handle symptoms of mental illnesses, they are not treating the _______ . Lack of treatment and the consequences of drug abuse cause more symptoms. 
People who abuse or are in possession of drugs may also _______ 
_______ , such as getting arrested
_______ , such as being suspended or expelled from school
_______ , such as not coming to work, failing drug tests, and getting fired
_______ 
_______ , such as losing friends, having conflict with family, or experiencing violence due to criminal activity
The National Institute on Drug Abuse estimates drug abuse and addiction costs _______  society approximately _______   each year. Because of drug abuse, the criminal justice system spends time and resources handling _______ . Businesses suffer from productivity loss and theft. Unemployment and homelessness are other potential issues that stem from _______ .

Young people can find alternatives to using or misusing medications, drugs, or other substances. These alternatives, such as playing games with friends or joining a sports team, will have a much more positive impact on social and mental health.

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Marijuana
According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, marijuana is the most commonly used drug in the United States. _______  is an addictive drug made up of dried parts of the cannabis plant (Figure 11.10). People may _______  marijuana. They may also _______  in tea or consume it as an _______  (food mixed with marijuana). Taking marijuana in _______  affects the brain more slowly, which can make someone consume more. Slang terms for marijuana include weed, pot, dope, hash, herb, Mary Jane, and Aunt Mary. _______  (sometimes called synthetic marijuana) do not come from cannabis, are manmade, and are even more dangerous than marijuana.

The active ingredient in marijuana is a mind-altering chemical called THC. Upon entering the bloodstream, THC travels to the brain and causes a high. THC affects the parts of the brain that control pleasure, memory, thinking, concentration, sensory and time perception, and movement. Another chemical in the marijuana plant is CBD. CBD is similar to THC, but does not affect thinking or cause a high.

Marijuana can be manufactured to have up to four times the concentration of THC. This is called marijuana concentrate, or THC extraction. Slang terms for marijuana concentrate include wax, honey oil, and dabs. Marijuana concentrate is similar in appearance to honey or butter, and is usually smoked or vaped.

Negative Health Effects
Using marijuana may lead to addiction and a substance use disorder. Marijuana is commonly called a gateway drug. This is because people who use it are more likely to abuse other drugs.

 People who use, misuse, or have an addiction to marijuana experience_______  effects. These signs and symptoms may include poor coordination, difficulty thinking and solving problems, and issues with learning and memory. For this reason, certain tasks, like driving, can be very dangerous while a person is under the influence of marijuana. The effects of marijuana on learning and memory can _______  or weeks after the immediate effects wear off.

Marijuana use and addiction can lead to issues with the _______  vessels and _______  rate. A person’s risk of a heart attack in the first hour after using marijuana is five times higher than usual.

People who _______  marijuana may experience the same respiratory conditions as people who smoke or vape nicotine. Minor respiratory issues include a daily _______ , _______ , and an increased risk of _______ . Like tobacco smoke, marijuana smoke contains carcinogens, which increase risk for developing cancer.

Legalization of Marijuana
Until recently, marijuana was _______  to sell, buy, and use across the United States. Today, many states and the District of Columbia allow adults with a doctor’s prescription to _______  and use marijuana in that state for medical purposes only. Marijuana can ease the symptoms of _______ conditions, including seizures, muscle spasms, and the nausea caused by chemotherapy treatments for cancer.
Although marijuana is still illegal according to the federal government, in 2014, _______  became the _______  to allow those over age 21 to buy a limited amount of marijuana for nonmedical use. Since then, 14 other states and the District of Columbia have also _______  marijuana use and sale for adults over age 21. Several conditions still limit use in these states. Some states regulate how much marijuana people can possess at one time. In some states, using marijuana is legal for residents, but not for nonresidents. You may still face_______  for using or misusing marijuana when underage or if in a state where possessing or using marijuana is still illegal.

There is much debate about whether marijuana should be legal. Scientists continue to conduct research about medicinal uses for marijuana. The majority of people in the United States who use marijuana do so illegally.

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Cocaine
_______  is a _______  stimulant that comes from the leaves of the coca plant (Figure 11.11). People who use cocaine _______  it through the nose, dissolve it in water and _______  it, or smoke or vape it. Some people may process this illegal drug into a solid form, known as _______ , which they smoke, vape, or inject. Slang terms for cocaine include blow, bump, coke, crack, flake, candy, rock, and _______ .

_______  causes a fast, _______ . The high wears off quickly, however, and the user feels nervous and depressed. Cocaine is _______  because its high does not last very long. A person is likely to use cocaine more than once to achieve that intense high again. The more a person uses cocaine, the more _______  it becomes.

_______  can have both short- and long-term negative effects on the body. These effects include high body temperature, increased heart rate, high blood pressure, headaches, organ damage, _______ , abdominal pain and nausea, _______ , and loss of sense of smell. Using cocaine just one time can lead to _______  due to a heart attack or stroke.

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Methamphetamine
_______  is an extremely _______  stimulant that speeds up brain function. Like cocaine, it causes an intense high. Once the high wears off, a person craves the drug. Some people develop addictions the first time they use this drug. Slang terms for methamphetamine include meth, ice, crank, _______ , and speed.

Some people take _______  in powder or pill form. A common form of methamphetamine is _______ , which looks like clear crystal chunks (Figure 11.12). People may smoke or vape it, inhale through the nose, inject, or swallow crystal meth.

When people use _______ , they feel energized. They can often engage in continuous activity without stopping for sleep. Users also experience irregular heartbeats, high blood pressure, loss of appetite, sweating, blurred vision, and dizziness. Methamphetamine's short- and long-term health effects include the following:
_______  and _______  behavior and mood swings
difficulty thinking and memory issues
_______ , severe anxiety, and paranoia
broken or rotten teeth known as meth mouth (Figure 11.13)
_______  use of crystal meth can lead to brain damage, malnutrition, tooth decay, skin sores, coma, stroke, and death. Using too much methamphetamine at one time can also result in brain damage, coma, stroke, and death.

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Hallucinogens
_______  are drugs that alter the way people view, think, and feel about situations, thereby causing hallucinations. _______  are things that seem real, such as a sound, image, or smell, but do not really exist.

The most common hallucinogen is _______ , which is a colorless, odorless substance that is often soaked into pieces of paper. People lick or swallow this paper to take the drug. People may also swallow hallucinogens as _______  or _______ .

People who use _______  experience negative short-term signs and symptoms. These include trouble sleeping, panic, increased blood pressure and breathing rate, and _______ . Long-term negative health effects include memory loss, difficulties with _______  and _______ , and seizures. People may also experience flashbacks, or recurring effects of these drugs. Flashbacks can happen suddenly, without warning, within a few days, or more than a year after using the drugs. In some cases, even a single use of a _______  can lead to death.

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Heroin
The drug known as _______  comes from _______ , a prescription opioid. _______  for heroin include smack, horse, big H, brown sugar, and hell dust.

Pure heroin is a _______ , but people often mix or “cut” it with other substances. Some substances used to cut heroin may be poisonous. People may not know what is in the heroin they use. For example, heroin cut with fentanyl (a prescription opioid 50 to 100 times more powerful than morphine) can cause sudden death due to overdose (Figure 11.14).

People usually inject, snort, _______ , or smoke heroin. Some people mix heroin with crack cocaine, called speedballing. By mixing heroin, an opioid, with crack cocaine, a stimulant, people hope to achieve a more _______  and avoid the negative effects. In reality, speedballing is extremely dangerous and often leads to death by overdose.

Once a user takes heroin, the drug rapidly enters the brain. Users feel a sudden, intense “high” that quickly wears off. Many negative short-term signs and symptoms soon follow the high. These include _______ , flushed skin, difficulty thinking, and semiconsciousness. Heroin is highly addictive. People experience constant cravings for the drug, making it _______  to stop using heroin.

People who have _______  and try to stop using heroin experience severe withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can begin within a few hours after taking the drug. _______  may include vomiting, cold flashes, uncontrollable leg movements, muscle aches, sleep issues, and severe cravings for the drug.

Many long-term _______  health effects occur from using heroin (Figure 11.15). Death can occur, even after one use, if a person takes too much heroin. This is because heroin is a type of opioid and can slow breathing until it stops. The lack of _______  to the brain can cause a coma, permanent brain damage, or death.

Long-term effects of heroin use include heart infection, liver and kidney conditions, pneumonia, and depression. _______  may result from using an infected needle.

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Club Drugs
The term _______  refers to several different types of drugs young people may abuse at parties, bars, and concerts. These drugs include _______ ® (roofies), _______  (gamma hydroxybutyrate), and _______  (ecstasy, or Molly). Club drugs often come in capsule, tablet, liquid, or powder form. Some types may also be ground and inhaled or injected into the body.

_______  often have no smell or taste. Sometimes, people may slip these drugs into someone else’s food or drink without the person knowing. This can lead to highly _______  situations. For example, these drugs are known as date rape drugs because criminals sometimes use them to commit sexual assaults. Club drugs have many short- and long-term health effects (Figure 11.16).

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Inhalants
_______  are chemicals that people breathe in to experience some type of high. Common inhalants are often substances found in the _______  (Figure 11.17). These substances are inhaled into the nose or mouth in several ways. Chemical fumes may be sniffed or snorted from a container, which is called huffing. _______  can also be sprayed directly into the nose or mouth. Slang terms for inhalants include whippets, poppers, and snappers.

_______  cause a high that lasts just a few minutes, so people tend to use them more than once to maintain the feeling. Inhaling chemicals can _______  the body’s supply of oxygen. This damages the body’s cells, especially brain cells. Other symptoms of using inhalants include slurred speech, memory issues, lack of coordination, muscle spasms and tremors, dizziness, and hallucinations.

Inhalant use and addiction can also cause serious, _______  side effects. These include hearing loss and damage to the brain, central nervous system, _______ , and _______ . Using inhalants—even once—can cause death due to heart failure or _______ .

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