Why were the barons' adulterine castles such a threat to Henry?
What military technology did Henry invest in?
What was Henry II's nickname after he resolved the issue of the barons' castles
Henry II's nickname suggests
What is a marcher baron?
To fortify means to
Every castle in England was under Henry II's control by
What did Henry II do to castles held by marcher barons?
How much did Henry spend on making sure his own castles were stronger than the barons?
Escheat was an ancient law that allowed
What two huge earldoms did Henry gain by using Escheat
In 1154 there were 22 earldoms and duchies, but by the end of Henry's reign there were only
Why did Henry want to reclaim the cities of London, Lincoln, York and Winchester, Exeter, Oxford and Leicester from barons?
Why was Henry II so eager to raise funds at the start of his reign?
Rent from the barons was
Why was Henry's destruction of baronial fiefdoms great for finances?
What is purpresture
Henry did not just reclaim the forest and farm, what else did he do to increase revenue?
What is The Forest?
What is The Farm?
Tallage was a tax introduced by Henry II in
Tallage taxed who?
Tallage was...
Danegeld was an ancient tax introduced in
Danegeld taxed
Danegeld was
Why were barons not willing to pay the Danegeld tax for 24% of English land?
Why was the Danegeld deemed unfair?
Who did Henry II hire as treasurer?
What did Bishop Nigel invent?
How did the treasurers increase scrutiny over English finances?
According to Richard fitzNigel, England's finances had changed from
By 1154 there were 47 mints, but Henry II centralised this system, reducing them to just
Stephen I
Stephen's war with Matilda enabled...
During The Anarchy, barons
By 1154, how many Welsh princes supported Henry?
Homage means
Henry launched his first campaign in Wales in
Owain Gwynedd and Lord Rhys had become
During Henry II's first campaign in Wales, he
After this, Owain...
During Stephen's reign, the Scottish
King Malcolm IV saw Henry II's army and...
After this, Malcolm IV...
What is the Curia Regis?
What role did the Curia Regis play?
What is a magnate?
What is a Justiciar?
Who was Henry II's Justiciar in 1154?
Who was Henry II's Treasurer in 1154?
Who was Henry II's Chancellor in 1154?
Richard de Lucy was...
Richard de Lucy was often trusted as "Regent". What does this mean?
What is was the role of Chancellor?
Why was Thomas Beckett a good choice for Chancellor?
In 1154, what was the relationship like between Henry II and Thomas Beckett?
How did Beckett revolutionise government?
What did Henry II do to Trials by Ordeal and Trials by Oath in 1155?
Henry II...
Standardised writs...
The most popular standardised writ under the reign of Henry II was...
Novel Disseisin...
Mort d'Ancestor...
What had Henry II done to the system of itinerant justices developed by Henry I?
What had Henry II added to court procedure to increase judgement accuracy?
Sheriffs were given Articles of Eyre. What were these?
What community did Henry II's judicial reforms have no impact on?
Between 1153-64 at least 100 serious crimes were committed by the clergy which went without trial. What crime was this?