Renaissance and Reformation Test

Last updated 4 months ago

33 questions

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Library

Renaissance and Reformation Test

Last updated 4 months ago

33 questions

Required

12

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9

Identify and explain TWO ways the Renaissance led to new ways of thinking in Europe.

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9

Evaluate the political and cultural effects of the Reformation in Europe. Support your answer with valid examples.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Calvinism		Philosophy that emphasized the human experience over religious doctrine
Humanism		German credited with inventing the printing press (in Europe)
perspective		Painted the Mona Lisa; example of a "Renaissance Man"
Elizabeth I		Artistic technique that shows depth on a 2D surface
Niccolo Machiavelli		Protestant sect that focused on individual reading of the Bible and salvation through faith
Erasmus		Protestant sect that focused on salvation through predestination
Johannes Gutenberg		Italian writer who studied and published a book on realistic politics
Lutheranism		Polish astronomer and mathematician credited with the heliocentric theory of the universe
Nicolaus Copernicus		Sculpted La Pieta
Leonardo da Vinci		Language or dialect spoken by ordinary people
Michelangelo		English ruler who solved decades of religious strife through compromise
vernacular		Wrote Praise of Folly

What caused Henry VIII to break with the Catholic Church and seize control of the English church?

The Catholic clergy refused to obey King Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy.

The Protestants pressured King Henry VIII to break away from the Catholic Church.

The pope refused to annul King Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon.

The newly elected pope was a Frenchman.

Look at the map. In which area would Protestants be most likely to face persecution?

Hungary and the Ottoman Empire

Sweden and Norway

England and France

Austria and Poland

“To [man] it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills.”
— Pico della Mirandola

Which characteristic of the Renaissance does this quotation reflect?

revival of the classics

humanism

patronage

religious faith

According to John Calvin's teachings, how is salvation achieved?

through sacraments

through good works

through predestination

This picture shows the artist Michelangelo in front of his sculpture of Moses. Which new idea used by Renaissance artists is demonstrated by the sculpture?

use of religious themes

use of realism

use of the Gothic style

use of vernacular

Which general conclusion did Isaac Newton’s observation of gravity have on the way we understand the universe?

The law of gravity is one of several natural forces that explain and govern the motion of the planets and stars.

The laws of physics use gravity to help illustrate a form of higher mathematics called calculus, in part developed by Newton.

Gravity was the missing link that was needed to link astronomy, physics, and mathematics.

The law of gravity is the force that explains why the sun is at the center of the solar system.

What connection exists between the printing press and the start of the Protestant Reformation?

The Catholic Church was quickly able to print anti-Luther propaganda

The availability of books encouraged critical thought and the questioning of Church practices

The availability of books reinforced the teachings of the Church

Martin Luther wrote his complaints with the church in a best-selling novel

Which scientist was responsible for the heliocentric model of the universe?

Nicolaus Copernicus

Isaac Newton

Galileo Galilei

Look at the chart. Which statement best summarizes the factors that caused the Protestant Reformation?

Reformers argued there was widespread corruption in the Church.

Granting indulgences for money made the Church wealthy

The Church was charging too much money for services

A political struggle developed between the Church and princes.

How did the new heliocentric theory differ from the model of the universe shown in the image?

It said that planetary orbits are perfectly circular

It said that the Earth is at the center of the universe

It said that the sun is at the center of the universe

It said that the planets are held in place by gravity

“I never had any meaning or intent that (my) subjects should be troubled or molested [harassed] by examination or inquisition in any matter either of their faith or for that matters of ceremonies, as long as they shall in their outward conversation show themselves quiet and not manifestly repugnant to the laws of the realm.”
— Queen Elizabeth I

Which of the following policies best reflects the ideas in this quotation from Queen Elizabeth?

establishing the Church of England as a Calvinist religious institution

ordering the persecution of Roman Catholics

compromising by incorporating both Protestant and Catholic aspects into the Church of England

breaking ties with the Catholic Church so she could divorce and produce a male heir

The dome of this Renaissance cathedral in Florence reflects which characteristic of the Renaissance?

the revival of classical forms

the use of Chinese architecture in Europe

the increase in skilled artisans

In which way does this painting by Northern European artist Pieter Bruegel differ from the work of Italian Renaissance painters?

It focuses on the realities of peasant life.

It lacks depth and perspective.

It shows the influence of the Protestant Reformation.

What did Galileo Galilei's ideas about the universe support?

Copernicus's idea about how the Earth moves around the Sun

ancient ideas about the Earth being the center of the universe

the Church's ideas, which were based off those of Ptolemy

The Pietà is an example of the realistic representation of humans in the sculptures of...

Brunelleschi.

Leonardo da Vinci.

Michelangelo.

Look at the image. Which effect did the machine in the image have in Europe during the Renaissance?

Gutenberg’s printing press revolutionized the way people accessed and consumed information and exposed people to new ideas.

Raphael’s engraving technology led to mass-produced art that people could buy cheaper than hand-copied art.

Dürer’s use of engravings helped spread Renaissance ideas throughout Europe.

Shakespeare’s use of comedy and popularized literature helped to re-energize the theater.

“27. There is no divine authority for preaching that the soul flies out of the purgatory immediately the money clinks in the bottom of the chest."
“28. It is certainly possible that when the money clinks in the bottom of the chest avarice [extreme greed] and greed increase; but when the church offers intercession [intervention], all depends in the will of God.”
— Martin Luther, 95 Theses

Which of the following provides an accurate historical context for this excerpt from Martin Luther’s 95 Theses?

Protestantism denied the Roman Catholic concept of purgatory, rejecting any role for church officials in a person’s fate after death.

Protestantism rejected papal authority, especially relating to what was regarded as the corrupt selling of indulgences.

Protestantism maintained that governments should be run by qualified religious leaders, but Rome should play no role.

Protestantism preached the idea of predestination, arguing that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation.

Which of the following is the best example of a theocracy?

a government run by religious leaders

a government run by citizens of all religions

a government run by elected officials

a government run by divine monarchs

“How we live is so different from how we ought to live that he who studies what ought to be done rather than what is done will learn the way to his downfall rather than to his preservation.”
— Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince

Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this excerpt?

A successful ruler must be idealistic to overcome his opponents.

A successful ruler must be observant and practical rather than idealistic.

A successful ruler knows that his enemies will defer to him.

A successful ruler must consult his teachers to make decisions.

“Only a very few can be learned, but all can be Christian, all can be devout, and—I shall boldly add—all can be theologians.”
— Erasmus

Which central idea that Erasmus strived to achieve is implied in this quotation?

to form a Protestant Church that is free from the corrupt dictates of papal rule

to form theocratic societies based on a simpler version of Christianity

to make religion more accessible by translating the Bible into the vernacular

to promote the benefits of the printing revolution

What was the eventual result of the scientific contributions of René Descartes and Francis Bacon?

The geocentric view of the universe was discarded, in spite of Church pressure against the heliocentric model.

Mathematics was applied to the movement of planets, in which laws of gravity were observed and established.

A new body of science called chemistry was established, which proposed that all matter is composed of tiny particles.

A new step-by-step scientific method resulted, based on inquiry, experimentation, and observation.

In this painting, Dutch Calvinists are destroying Catholic religious images. Which of the following best explains why scenes like this were common during the Reformation?

Religious extremism and intolerance rose as Christianity splintered.

Roman Catholics persecuted Protestants, so acts of reprisal increased.

Protestant theology banned the worshiping of saints.

Protestants rejected papal rule and rebelled against Renaissance art.

This painting by Raphael of a gathering of great people from different periods is called the School of Athens. In which way is it a reflection of Renaissance ideas?

It portrays a biblical scene but places it in a Renaissance setting.

It commemorates a historic debate in Athens that was frequently discussed by Renaissance thinkers.

It shows Gothic style and Renaissance techniques such as perspective.

It celebrates classical heritage but also acknowledges Renaissance artists and thinkers.

In The Book of the Courtier, which author described the ideal Renaissance man and woman?

Pico della Mirandola

Baldassare Castiglione

Niccolò Machiavelli

Analyze this woodcut print of St. Christopher by Albrecht Dürer. What about it tells you that this is a Renaissance work rather than a medieval one?

the formal pose of the man and cherub compared to the more lifelike poses used in medieval art

the realistic portrayal of the man and the cherub and its use of shading to make objects look real

the fact that a religious subject is portrayed in a natural setting instead of a classical setting

the attempt to make it look old by creating it in black and white instead of using bright colors

Which idea differentiates the Protestant doctrines of Calvinism and Lutheranism?

Calvin’s belief in purgatory

Luther’s rejection of papal rule

Luther’s rejection of indulgences

Calvin’s belief in predestination

Which of the following was a characteristic of Protestantism but not of Roman Catholicism?

Bibles in vernacular

confession

excommunication

lavish churches

Which action did Martin Luther take to help start the Protestant Reformation?

He was excommunicated from the Church after he was charged with multiple offenses against its teachings.

He gained support for his reforms from religious leaders in other parts of Europe but German princes revolted against them.

He nailed his 95 Theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg to start a debate about his complaints against the Church.

Which Renaissance artistic techniques are best illustrated by this painting of The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci?

close study of anatomical detail

stylized lighting and flat human forms

emphasis on secular subjects

perspective and shading

How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?

It compromised by embracing the Calvinist ideas of predestination, going so far as to establish theocratic communities.

The Inquisition established pious new religious orders including the Jesuits and an order of nuns led by Teresa of Avila.

It erupted into turmoil, resulting in greater religious conflict including the persecution of witches and the split of the Church of England.

It enacted its own reforms, attempting to end corruption with a renewed emphasis on morality and discipline.

Identify and explain TWO ways the Renaissance led to new ways of thinking in Europe.

Evaluate the political and cultural effects of the Reformation in Europe. Support your answer with valid examples.

Calvinism

Philosophy that emphasized the human experience over religious doctrine

Humanism

German credited with inventing the printing press (in Europe)

perspective

Painted the Mona Lisa; example of a "Renaissance Man"

Elizabeth I

Artistic technique that shows depth on a 2D surface

Niccolo Machiavelli

Protestant sect that focused on individual reading of the Bible and salvation through faith

Erasmus

Protestant sect that focused on salvation through predestination

Johannes Gutenberg

Italian writer who studied and published a book on realistic politics

Lutheranism

Polish astronomer and mathematician credited with the heliocentric theory of the universe

Nicolaus Copernicus

Sculpted La Pieta

Leonardo da Vinci

Language or dialect spoken by ordinary people

Michelangelo

English ruler who solved decades of religious strife through compromise

vernacular

Wrote Praise of Folly

What caused Henry VIII to break with the Catholic Church and seize control of the English church?

The Catholic clergy refused to obey King Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy.

The Protestants pressured King Henry VIII to break away from the Catholic Church.

The pope refused to annul King Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon.

The newly elected pope was a Frenchman.

Look at the map. In which area would Protestants be most likely to face persecution?

Hungary and the Ottoman Empire

Sweden and Norway

England and France

Austria and Poland

“To [man] it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills.”
       — Pico della Mirandola

Which characteristic of the Renaissance does this quotation reflect?

revival of the classics

humanism

patronage

religious faith

According to John Calvin's teachings, how is salvation achieved?

through sacraments

through good works

through predestination

This picture shows the artist Michelangelo in front of his sculpture of Moses. Which new idea used by Renaissance artists is demonstrated by the sculpture?

use of religious themes

use of realism

use of the Gothic style

use of vernacular

Which general conclusion did Isaac Newton’s observation of gravity have on the way we understand the universe?

The law of gravity is one of several natural forces that explain and govern the motion of the planets and stars.

The laws of physics use gravity to help illustrate a form of higher mathematics called calculus, in part developed by Newton.

Gravity was the missing link that was needed to link astronomy, physics, and mathematics.

The law of gravity is the force that explains why the sun is at the center of the solar system.

What connection exists between the printing press and the start of the Protestant Reformation?

The Catholic Church was quickly able to print anti-Luther propaganda

The availability of books encouraged critical thought and the questioning of Church practices

The availability of books reinforced the teachings of the Church

Martin Luther wrote his complaints with the church in a best-selling novel

Which scientist was responsible for the heliocentric model of the universe?

Nicolaus Copernicus

Isaac Newton

Galileo Galilei

Look at the chart. Which statement best summarizes the factors that caused the Protestant Reformation?

Reformers argued there was widespread corruption in the Church.

Granting indulgences for money made the Church wealthy

The Church was charging too much money for services

A political struggle developed between the Church and princes.

How did the new heliocentric theory differ from the model of the universe shown in the image? 

It said that planetary orbits are perfectly circular

It said that the Earth is at the center of the universe

It said that the sun is at the center of the universe

It said that the planets are held in place by gravity

“I never had any meaning or intent that (my) subjects should be troubled or molested [harassed] by examination or inquisition in any matter either of their faith or for that matters of ceremonies, as long as they shall in their outward conversation show themselves quiet and not manifestly repugnant to the laws of the realm.” 
      — Queen Elizabeth I

Which of the following policies best reflects the ideas in this quotation from Queen Elizabeth?

establishing the Church of England as a Calvinist religious institution

ordering the persecution of Roman Catholics

compromising by incorporating both Protestant and Catholic aspects into the Church of England

breaking ties with the Catholic Church so she could divorce and produce a male heir

The dome of this Renaissance cathedral in Florence reflects which characteristic of the Renaissance? 

the revival of classical forms

the use of Chinese architecture in Europe

the increase in skilled artisans

In which way does this painting by Northern European artist Pieter Bruegel differ from the work of Italian Renaissance painters? 

It focuses on the realities of peasant life.

It lacks depth and perspective.

It shows the influence of the Protestant Reformation.

What did Galileo Galilei's ideas about the universe support?

Copernicus's idea about how the Earth moves around the Sun

ancient ideas about the Earth being the center of the universe

the Church's ideas, which were based off those of Ptolemy

The Pietà is an example of the realistic representation of humans in the sculptures of...

Brunelleschi.

Leonardo da Vinci.

Michelangelo.

Look at the image. Which effect did the machine in the image have in Europe during the Renaissance?

Gutenberg’s printing press revolutionized the way people accessed and consumed information and exposed people to new ideas.

Raphael’s engraving technology led to mass-produced art that people could buy cheaper than hand-copied art.

Dürer’s use of engravings helped spread Renaissance ideas throughout Europe.

Shakespeare’s use of comedy and popularized literature helped to re-energize the theater.

“27. There is no divine authority for preaching that the soul flies out of the purgatory immediately the money clinks in the bottom of the chest."
“28. It is certainly possible that when the money clinks in the bottom of the chest avarice [extreme greed] and greed increase; but when the church offers intercession [intervention], all depends in the will of God.”
      — Martin Luther, 95 Theses

Which of the following provides an accurate historical context for this excerpt from Martin Luther’s 95 Theses?

Protestantism denied the Roman Catholic concept of purgatory, rejecting any role for church officials in a person’s fate after death.

Protestantism rejected papal authority, especially relating to what was regarded as the corrupt selling of indulgences.

Protestantism maintained that governments should be run by qualified religious leaders, but Rome should play no role.

Protestantism preached the idea of predestination, arguing that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation.

Which of the following is the best example of a theocracy?

a government run by religious leaders

a government run by citizens of all religions

a government run by elected officials

a government run by divine monarchs

“How we live is so different from how we ought to live that he who studies what ought to be done rather than what is done will learn the way to his downfall rather than to his preservation.”
      — Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince

Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this excerpt?

A successful ruler must be idealistic to overcome his opponents.

A successful ruler must be observant and practical rather than idealistic.

A successful ruler knows that his enemies will defer to him.

A successful ruler must consult his teachers to make decisions.

“Only a very few can be learned, but all can be Christian, all can be devout, and—I shall boldly add—all can be theologians.”
      — Erasmus

Which central idea that Erasmus strived to achieve is implied in this quotation?

to form a Protestant Church that is free from the corrupt dictates of papal rule

to form theocratic societies based on a simpler version of Christianity

to make religion more accessible by translating the Bible into the vernacular

to promote the benefits of the printing revolution

What was the eventual result of the scientific contributions of René Descartes and Francis Bacon?

The geocentric view of the universe was discarded, in spite of Church pressure against the heliocentric model.

Mathematics was applied to the movement of planets, in which laws of gravity were observed and established.

A new body of science called chemistry was established, which proposed that all matter is composed of tiny particles.

A new step-by-step scientific method resulted, based on inquiry, experimentation, and observation.

In this painting, Dutch Calvinists are destroying Catholic religious images. Which of the following best explains why scenes like this were common during the Reformation? 

Religious extremism and intolerance rose as Christianity splintered.

Roman Catholics persecuted Protestants, so acts of reprisal increased.

Protestant theology banned the worshiping of saints.

Protestants rejected papal rule and rebelled against Renaissance art.

This painting by Raphael of a gathering of great people from different periods is called the School of Athens. In which way is it a reflection of Renaissance ideas? 

It portrays a biblical scene but places it in a Renaissance setting.

It commemorates a historic debate in Athens that was frequently discussed by Renaissance thinkers.

It shows Gothic style and Renaissance techniques such as perspective.

It celebrates classical heritage but also acknowledges Renaissance artists and thinkers.

In The Book of the Courtier, which author described the ideal Renaissance man and woman?

Pico della Mirandola

Baldassare Castiglione

Niccolò Machiavelli

Analyze this woodcut print of St. Christopher by Albrecht Dürer. What about it tells you that this is a Renaissance work rather than a medieval one? 

the formal pose of the man and cherub compared to the more lifelike poses used in medieval art

the realistic portrayal of the man and the cherub and its use of shading to make objects look real

the fact that a religious subject is portrayed in a natural setting instead of a classical setting

the attempt to make it look old by creating it in black and white instead of using bright colors

Which idea differentiates the Protestant doctrines of Calvinism and Lutheranism?

Calvin’s belief in purgatory

Luther’s rejection of papal rule

Luther’s rejection of indulgences

Calvin’s belief in predestination

Which of the following was a characteristic of Protestantism but not of Roman Catholicism?

Bibles in vernacular

confession

excommunication

lavish churches

Which action did Martin Luther take to help start the Protestant Reformation?

He was excommunicated from the Church after he was charged with multiple offenses against its teachings.

He gained support for his reforms from religious leaders in other parts of Europe but German princes revolted against them.

He nailed his 95 Theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg to start a debate about his complaints against the Church.

Which Renaissance artistic techniques are best illustrated by this painting of The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci?

close study of anatomical detail

stylized lighting and flat human forms

emphasis on secular subjects

perspective and shading

How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?

It compromised by embracing the Calvinist ideas of predestination, going so far as to establish theocratic communities.

The Inquisition established pious new religious orders including the Jesuits and an order of nuns led by Teresa of Avila.

It erupted into turmoil, resulting in greater religious conflict including the persecution of witches and the split of the Church of England.

It enacted its own reforms, attempting to end corruption with a renewed emphasis on morality and discipline.

Renaissance and Reformation Test

Renaissance and Reformation Test

Identify and explain TWO ways the Renaissance led to new ways of thinking in Europe.

Evaluate the political and cultural effects of the Reformation in Europe. Support your answer with valid examples.

What caused Henry VIII to break with the Catholic Church and seize control of the English church?

Look at the map. In which area would Protestants be most likely to face persecution?

“To [man] it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills.” — Pico della MirandolaWhich characteristic of the Renaissance does this quotation reflect?

According to John Calvin's teachings, how is salvation achieved?

This picture shows the artist Michelangelo in front of his sculpture of Moses. Which new idea used by Renaissance artists is demonstrated by the sculpture?

Which general conclusion did Isaac Newton’s observation of gravity have on the way we understand the universe?

What connection exists between the printing press and the start of the Protestant Reformation?

Which scientist was responsible for the heliocentric model of the universe?

Look at the chart. Which statement best summarizes the factors that caused the Protestant Reformation?

How did the new heliocentric theory differ from the model of the universe shown in the image?

The dome of this Renaissance cathedral in Florence reflects which characteristic of the Renaissance?

In which way does this painting by Northern European artist Pieter Bruegel differ from the work of Italian Renaissance painters?

What did Galileo Galilei's ideas about the universe support?

The Pietà is an example of the realistic representation of humans in the sculptures of...

Look at the image. Which effect did the machine in the image have in Europe during the Renaissance?

Which of the following is the best example of a theocracy?

“Only a very few can be learned, but all can be Christian, all can be devout, and—I shall boldly add—all can be theologians.” — ErasmusWhich central idea that Erasmus strived to achieve is implied in this quotation?

What was the eventual result of the scientific contributions of René Descartes and Francis Bacon?

In this painting, Dutch Calvinists are destroying Catholic religious images. Which of the following best explains why scenes like this were common during the Reformation?

This painting by Raphael of a gathering of great people from different periods is called the School of Athens. In which way is it a reflection of Renaissance ideas?

In The Book of the Courtier, which author described the ideal Renaissance man and woman?

Analyze this woodcut print of St. Christopher by Albrecht Dürer. What about it tells you that this is a Renaissance work rather than a medieval one?

Which idea differentiates the Protestant doctrines of Calvinism and Lutheranism?

Which of the following was a characteristic of Protestantism but not of Roman Catholicism?

Which action did Martin Luther take to help start the Protestant Reformation?

Which Renaissance artistic techniques are best illustrated by this painting of The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci?

How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?

Identify and explain TWO ways the Renaissance led to new ways of thinking in Europe.

Evaluate the political and cultural effects of the Reformation in Europe. Support your answer with valid examples.

“To [man] it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills.”
— Pico della Mirandola

Which characteristic of the Renaissance does this quotation reflect?

“Only a very few can be learned, but all can be Christian, all can be devout, and—I shall boldly add—all can be theologians.”
— Erasmus

Which central idea that Erasmus strived to achieve is implied in this quotation?