Betelgeuse and Aldebaran are both red-giant stars. Give a statement comparing their luminosity and temperature values.
Question 10
10.
A star located off the main sequence indicates what?
Question 11
11.
Question 12
12.
Question 13
13.
Question 14
14.
Question 15
15.
Question 16
16.
Question 17
17.
Question 18
18.
Question 19
19.
Question 20
20.
Question 21
21.
Question 22
22.
Question 23
23.
Explain why a giant star that is cooler than our Sun, similar to Aldebaran, has a greater luminosity than the Sun.
Question 24
24.
Identify the color of the star Bellatrix, which has a surface temperature of approximately 21,000 K.
Question 25
25.
Excluding the star Bellatrix, which star, given on the chart, would be considered the youngest?
Question 26
26.
Question 27
27.
Give a statement on the relationship between temperature and luminosity of the main sequence stars.
(Tip: keep it simple with a sentence like: As the temperature increases, the luminosity _____________)
Question 28
28.
Identify the color of the star Bellatrix, which has a surface temperature of approximately 21,000°C.
Question 29
29.
a) Describe the changes in luminosity of the Sun that will occur from its current Main Sequence stage to its final White Dwarf stage.
From Main Sequence to Giant: _______ .
Giant to white dwarf: _______
Question 30
30.
b) What are the initial substances that were needed to form the Sun?
Question 31
31.
c) Identify the process that produces the Sun’s energy.
Question 32
32.
d) Why does the Sun’s luminosity increase and its temperature decrease at position A?
Question 33
33.
e) At position A, what color star would be observed?
Question 34
34.
Which star shown on the “Luminosity and Temperature of Stars” graph in the Earth Science Reference Tables is currently at the Sun’s final predicted stage of development?
Question 35
35.
Which star color indicates the hottest star surface temperature?
blue
red
yellow
white
The graph represents the brightness and temperature of stars visible from Earth. Which location on the graph best represents a star with average brightness and temperature?
C
A
D
B
Which star is more massive than our Sun, but has a lower surface temperature?
40 Eridani B
Aldebaran
Sirius
Barnard’s Star
Which star is hotter and many times brighter than Earth’s Sun?
Barnard’s Star
Betelgeuse
Rigel
Pollux
Compared with our Sun, the star Betelgeuse is
larger, hotter, and less luminous
smaller, cooler, and more luminous
larger, cooler, and more luminous
smaller, hotter, and less luminous
Which two stars have the most similar luminosity and temperature?
Sirius and Procyon B
Betelgeuse and Barnard’s Star
Alpha Centauri and the Sun
Rigel and Betelgeuse
Compared to the temperature and luminosity of the star Polaris, the star Sirius is
hotter and more luminous
cooler and more luminous
hotter and less luminous
cooler and less luminous
In nuclear fusion what occurs?
Lighter elements are converted to heavier elements.
Lighter elements are converted to even lighter elements.
Heavier elements are converted to lighter elements.
Heavier elements chemically combine with lighter elements.
Compared to the surface temperature and luminosity of massive stars in the Main Sequence, the smaller stars in the Main Sequence are
hotter and less luminous
hotter and more luminous
cooler and less luminous
cooler and more luminous
The Sun is inferred to be the most luminous when it is classified as a
giant star
main sequence star
gas cloud (nebula)
white dwarf star
For other stars in our galaxy that go through a similar life cycle to our Sun, which star is currently in the late stage of its life cycle?
Alpha Centauri
Polaris
Barnard’s Star
Procyon B
Which star is hotter, but less luminous, than Polaris?
Aldebaran
Deneb
Pollux
Procyon B
The Sun revolves around the center of
the Milky Way Galaxy
Aldebaran
Earth
Polaris
Which force is mostly responsible for the contraction of a nebula gas cloud in the formation of a new star?
inertia
gravity
friction
magnetism
Tough question alert:Which star’s surface temperature is closest to the temperature at the boundary between Earth’s mantle and core? (ESRT pg. 10.)
Betelgeuse
Sirius
the Sun
Rigel
Which evidence best supports the theory that the universe began with a massive explosion?
parallelism of planetary axes
cosmic background radiation in space
radioactive dating of Earth’s bedrock
life cycle of stars
Which object in space emits light because it releases energy produced by nuclear fusion?
Earth’s Moon
Venus
Polaris
Halley’s comet
Great amounts of energy are released in the core of a star as lighter elements combine and form heavier elements during the process of
nuclear fusion
radioactive decay
condensation
compaction
Compared to the luminosity and surface temperature of red main sequence stars, blue supergiants are
less luminous and have a higher surface temperature
more luminous and have a higher surface temperature
less luminous and have a lower surface temperature
more luminous and have a lower surface temperature
Light from distant galaxies most likely shows a
redshift, indicating that the universe is contracting
blueshift, indicating that the universe is contracting
blueshift, indicating that the universe is expanding
redshift, indicating that the universe is expanding
In the accompanying chart, list the stars, other than Bellatrix, found on the chart in order of decreasing luminosity. Rigel, the most luminous star, has been listed.
Rigel (Should be first)
Procyon B
Betelgeuse
Sirius
Aldebaran
List the following astronomical features, in order of relative size, from smallest to largest
