Below is a picture of the rock strata of a mountain.
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A group of students is developing a model that shows how geoscience processes gradually change Earth’s surface. The group comes up with the following drawing.
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Question 3
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Question 4
4.
Examine the diagram below. At one time, these layers were found in the same area of land. Yet they have weathered very differently, with one location having more layers than the other location.
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The first watermelons cultivated many years ago (3000 BCE) were very different from today’s watermelons grown by farmers in many places and climates all over the world.
The data table compares how watermelons today compare to the oldest known watermelons.
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Question 7
7.
Mutations are structural changes to genes that may affect proteins. Some mutations are beneficial, meaning that they help the organism. Some mutations are harmful because they reduce the organism’s ability to survive or reproduce. Other mutations neither help nor harm the organism. These are called neutral mutations
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A gardener is planting tomato plants. She buys two packs of seeds: Pack A and Pack B. She plants all the seeds and gives them the same amount of water, light, and fertilizer. After a few months, she measures the plants and notices that the plants grown from Pack B are shorter on average than plants grown from Pack A.
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Below is an image of a family tree (first generation) showing a group of mice. A dark gray mouse and a white mouse had four offspring, some had white fur, while others had dark gray fur. Use the image below to help you answer the following questions.
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One of the white offspring (from the first generation in the introductory text) mated with an unrelated white mouse. Below is a family tree (second generation) showing these parents and their offspring. The parents’ genotypes are also shown in this image.
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Question 1
1.
Question 2
2.
Which of the following statements about rock formation is the most accurate?
All rock types will form under similar conditions but they will have distinct properties.
Similar processes in different areas will result in rock types with different properties.
Different processes in different areas can result in a variety of rock types.
Rocks of the same type result from different processes in similar areas.
Jess is explaining to her sister how sedimentary rocks are formed. She explains how sediments undergo cooling to become sedimentary rock.
Her explanation is not correct. How would you change it so it is more accurate?
Sediments undergo compaction and cementation to become sedimentary rock.
Sediments undergo cooling and cementation to become sedimentary rock
Sediments undergo heating and then cooling to become sedimentary rock.
Sediments undergo heat and pressure to become sedimentary rock.
Question 5
5.
Explain what has happened to cause the layers in these locations to weather differently and how this provides evidence that Earth’s surface has changed over time.
Question 6
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Freckles are a dominant trait. Brianna has freckles, but her husband, Emilio, does not. They calculate the chances that their children will have freckles by completing a Punnett square.
What is the probability that each child will have freckles?
0%
25%
50%
75%
Question 8
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Question 9
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Question 10
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Question 11
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Question 12
12.
Explain your reasoning.
What is the best inference about the layers in this picture?
The rock layers at the top of the mountain are the oldest.
The rock strata can provide an absolute time scale of Earth's history.
The rock strata can be used to understand relative dates in Earth's history.
The rock layers in the mountain are made out of materials that are the same age.
How can this model help the students explain how geoscience processes shape Earth's surface?
The model shows that an increase in precipitation leads to a decrease in the amount of movement of glaciers.
The model shows that when glaciers move, they can leave marks in different structures, such as land or mountains.
The model shows that melting glaciers do not have to move, since they are constantly being refreshed with more snow.
The model shows how global climate determines whether glaciers will move or melt, which affects the way landforms are shaped.
Which of the following statements most correctly explains why modern watermelons differ from those grown in ancient times?
Over time, farmers chose to plant the seeds of big, sweet, and soft watermelons.
People in the past preferred to grow smaller, harder watermelons with less sugar.
The watermelons that people grew in ancient times needed less water and soil nutrients.
Over time, animals chose to eat the biggest, sweetest, and softest watermelons and spread the seeds.
Which of these mutations would be considered neutral?
A
B
C
A and C
What could explain the difference in height between the plants from the two packs of seeds?
A mutation arose in some of Pack B’s seeds.
There is greater genetic variation in the plants grown from Pack A’s seeds.
A mutation arose in the parent plant used to produce Pack B’s seeds.
Pack B’s seeds need less water, light, and fertilizer than Pack A’s seeds.
Which of the following descriptions about the parents is most likely true?
Their gene combinations for the fur color trait are the same.
Their gene combinations for the fur color trait are different.
Their gene combinations for the fur color trait depend solely on the environment.
Their gene combinations for the fur color trait do not affect their offspring.
Which best describes the light gray mouse’s genotype for the fur color trait?
