Answer anytwo of the following questions. Write your answers in complete sentences. You may complete all for extra credit.
1. Briefly explain the process of the triangular trade.
2. Why was the attempt to establish farming in New France relatively unsuccessful? Which economic activities did French settlers pursue more successfully?
3. How did the Spanish concept of race differ from the English concept of race? Use the social hierarchy of New Spain to explain your answer.
4. Identify and explain a reason for the massive decrease in Native American populations following the arrival of Europeans in the New World.
Which of these events occurred first?
Columbus returned to Spain, marking the beginning of the Columbian Exchange
The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed by the pope
Samuel de Champlain established the French colony of Quebec
The data in the graph below is largely a result of which of the following?
Christopher Columbus mistreating the Taino
Hernán Cortés coming to Tenochtitlan
Francisco Pizzaro defeating the Incas
Ferdinand Magellan sailing to the Pacific Ocean
Why did Portuguese exploration not venture far from Africa's coasts?
They found plenty of gold and other resources along the coasts.
They faced opposition from Spanish explorers further inland.
They lacked accurate maps to help them explore the interior.
They followed orders from the government to stay along the coasts.
What sparked European interest in Ming China?
the desire to share technology with China
the desire to take part in China's imperial tribute system
the desire to trade with China
Which of these choices best reflects the major reason European nations started to sponsor exploration starting in the 1400s?
to conquer and colonize China and India
to create more accurate maps of the world
to bypass land trade routes controlled by Italian and Muslim merchants
to gain control of the Atlantic slave trade
How did the emperors of Qing China justify their interactions with the west?
They negotiated with western countries to try and make China more powerful.
They limited western influence because they felt China was stronger without them.
They dealt with western traders because they credited China's economic success to European goods.
They invited in and learned from western scholars due to the rising importance of education.
Which of these labels would apply to an arrow leading from Europe to Africa?
rum, tobacco, cotton
corn, horses, explosives
enslaved people, gold, silver
guns, cloth, cash
“Instead of granting Macartney’s trade requests, the Chinese asserted that their empire was self-sufficient and that they granted the little trade that they did only as a special favor. The emperor and his court considered Macartney’s presents to be ‘tribute presents,’ and the whole mission was viewed imperially as one of ‘submission.’”
What was one reason the mission described in this text failed?
Macartney did not bring enough British goods to give as gifts to the emperor.
Macartney did not speak Chinese and refused to use a language that both he and the emperor knew.
Foreign traders were limited and Macartney had arrived without permission from the imperial court.
Macartney refused to kowtow, an act that the Chinese considered both offensive and disrespectful.
The era of massive economic change in Europe during the 1500s was known as the....
Age of Exploration
Commercial Revolution
Columbian Exchange
Triangular Trade
How does the image below relate to the Columbian Exchange?
It shows the adoption of items from Europe by the Native Americans.
It shows people before they were influenced by the Europeans.
It shows the conflict between Europeans and Native Americans.
It shows leaders discussing strategy against explorers.
Which Portuguese explorer left on a journey from the location shown in the picture in 1497?
Hernán Cortés
Prince Henry the Navigator
Vasco de Gama
Christopher Columbus
Which phrase best completes this chart?
desire for direct access to the Asian spice trade
desire to improve their standard of living
the search for a better climate
government oppression at home
Spanish monarchs granted conquistadors encomiendas in the New World. Because of this, American Indians were...
encouraged to convert to Catholicism
forced to work under brutal conditions
given equal rights to enslaved Africans
allowed to buy property from the Spanish
Which statement best describes Korea's foreign policy during the 1600s?
Following decades of isolation, Korea opened its borders to Europe.
Due to having few natural resources, Korea openly traded with Europeans.
Because they controlled major Chinese ports, Korea was able to fully control Asia's trade with Europe.
After invasions by both the Japanese and the Chinese, Korea isolated itself and excluded most foreigners.
How did the policy of mercantilism encourage European colonialism?
Colonies were a source of labor for a nation's buisnesses.
Colonies were a strategic location for a nation's army and navy.
Colonies had resources of gold and silver that could add to a nation's wealth.
Colonies could serve as a valuable and guaranteed market for a nation's exports.
____________ is a policy by which a nation seeks to export more than it imports in order to build its supply of gold and silver.
Isolationism
Mercantilism
Capitalism
Free enterprise
“The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a slave ship which was then riding at anchor and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into terror when I was carried on board.”
What experience was the speaker about to face?
the Middle Passage
the encomienda system
the Commercial Revolution
the Columbian Exchange
Using this map, what can be inferred about the slave trade in Africa?
Rwanda and Burundi were two of the most important slave trading centers.
The slave trade was more dominant on the African coast than the interior.
The slave trade mostly took place in the deep interior of the continent, rather than on the coast.
The Oyo Empire did not legalize the slave trade.
Britain, France, and the Netherlands all resented the Treaty of Tordesillas because it...
forced them to go to war with Spain.
gave Portugal exclusive trading rights in Asia.
encouraged privateers to attack their treasure ships.
divided the Americas between Spain and Portugal.
Which statement most accurately describes the encounter between Hernán Cortés and the Aztecs?
The Spanish scorned the Aztecs’ religion and sought to convert them to Christianity.
The Spanish and Cortés failed to reach the capital of the Aztec empire.
The Aztec king Moctezuma was hostile toward Cortés and wanted to imprison him.
The conflict between the Aztecs and Cortés resulted in the death of Cortés.
Dutch colonists in South Africa and Portuguese traders were similar in that both...
sought gold, silver, and precious gems.
looked on Africans as their inferiors.
failed in their attempts to trade with Ming China.
established forts throughout west Africa.
What was an effect of European migration on the Americas?
The native population experienced population loss due to disease.
The native population collaborated with settlers to use natural resources.
The native population increased due to expanded trade with Europeans.
What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Settle disputes between Spain and Portugal over territory in South America and the Caribbean.
Establish a Portuguese colony on the west coast of Africa
End a war between Spain and Britain over territory in North America.
Which statement is true in the context of European exploration in Asia?
The Dutch East India Company had full sovereign powers in India.
The Portuguese permanently shut out all other European powers in its trade agreements with India.
The Portuguese saw no promise in Mughal India and never sought trading rights from its emperors.
The Dutch failed to compete with Portugal and could not enforce a monopoly in Asia.
Which of the following groups was at the top of the social hierarchy in colonial Spain?
mestizos
creoles
mulattoes
peninsulares
The painting below shows ships near Table Bay, a location close to Cape Town, during the 1600s. The ships most likely belong to...
the Dutch.
the English
the French.
the Spanish.
Which phrase best describes what is shown in this image?
survivors of Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe
decks of ships with captive Africans enslaved by Europeans
bodies of European explorers who died in the Americas
“Artless and generous . . . to such a degree as no one would believe but him who had seen it. Of anything they have, if it be asked for, they never say no, but do rather invite the person to accept it, and show as much lovingness as though they would give their hearts . . .”
Who said this about the Taínos of the West Indies?
Ferdinand Magellan
Vasco de Gama
Christopher Columbus
Francisco Pizzaro
“When colonists later protested British policies in North America, they viewed themselves as ‘freeborn Englishmen’ who were defending their traditional rights.”
Which of the following describes one of the “traditional rights” being referred to in the text?
right to form representative assemblies in the colonies
right to own land in the American colonies
right to convert Native Americans to Christianity
right to marry settlers from other countries
How did Korea and Japan interact with Europeans in the 1500s and 1600s?
They aggressively attacked and defended against European invaders.
They chose to isolate themselves from European powers.
They engaged in open and free trade with European explorers.