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Unit 2 - Cell Structures and Functions Test

Last updated over 1 year ago

40 questions

LT 2.1 Hypothesis, Theory, Law & Cell Theory

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2.1a

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LT 2.2 Cell Types

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LT 2.3 Cell Membrane

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LT 2.4 Cell Transport

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Question 40

40.

What is a HYPOTHESIS for the question: What effect does studying with music have on student test scores?

If a student's test scores are low, then they listen to music.

Does it matter which type of music they listen to?

Music's effect on student test scores

If a student listens to music, then they will get higher test scores.

A student was doing an experiment using the scientific method. Every three days the student plans to count the green leaves. Which would be a good hypothesis for this experiment?

If plants are placed in clay pots, then they will grow more green leaves than plastic pots.

If plants are in warmer temperatures, then they will grow more green leaves.

If plants are placed in bright light, then they will grow more green leaves than in dim light.

If plants are placed outside, then they will grow more green leaves.

Sort the terms into the correct category

Can change with further investigation

Describes what happens in natural phenomena

Based on large amounts of evidence

Explains why or how natural phenomena occur

Theory

Law

Which statement best describes the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?

a. A scientific law must include equations.

A scientific theory can explain observations.

A scientific theory is supported by more data than a scientific law.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was a French naturalist who proposed the idea that modern-day organisms developed new characteristics through a process known as the inheritance of acquired traits. As more evidence became available, this theory was eventually replaced by Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. This modification of scientific knowledge illustrates that

all scientific explanations are tentative and subject to change or improvement

scientists do not communicate with each other and often make mistakes

hypotheses seldom change even when new discoveries are made

scientists often ignore evidence that does not help prove their theory

Part of cell theory says that all living things are made up of one or more cells. Scientists had to find ways to test this theory. Which investigation could scientists use to test this part of cell theory?

heat plant or animal tissue on a hot plate

measure the mass of plant or animal tissue with a scale

examine plant or animal tissue with a microscope

test plant or animal tissue with a pH meter

Which of these are not part of the original Cell Theory? (choose all that apply)

Cells are organized to function together in tissues and organs

Cells are the basic unit and structure of all living things

Cells are dependent on other cells to survive

Cells are present in all living things

Early elements of the cell theory followed the development of Hooke’s light microscope. What does this relationship suggest about the evolution of the cell theory since Hooke?

Isolated scientists contributed pieces of the cell theory to form the whole

Progress on the cell theory was delayed by a lack of technological progress

Improvements in technology are closely related to changes in the cell theory

Scientists needed to focus less on cells and more on microscope development

Virchow’s observations of cells multiplying help to disprove which misconception of cells?

Cells are the simplest unit of structure and function

Cells are spontaneously generated (come from nonliving materials)

Cells are able work together in order to sustain multicellular organisms

Cells are reproduced from other cells

Which of the following is an additional tenet of the modern cell theory?

All living things are made of many cells.

Cells are microscopic in size.

Cells must carry out metabolic activities.

Cells exchange proteins during cell division.

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

Cellulose

Lipids

Glycogen

Proteins

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes

peroxisomes

central vacuoles

smooth ER

lysosomes

Which cellular organelle produces lipids and what structure do the lipids then travel to in order to get packaged and processed?

Rough ER, Golgi

Nucleolus, Smooth ER

Smooth ER, Golgi

Mitochondria, Cell Membrane

Look at Figure 1-2. Which structure stores materials, such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates?

D

C

B

A

This organelle is essential for cell processes to run properly. It is in control of all cell processes.

ribosome

mitochondria

DNA

nucleus

Organelles have to work together to maintain the homeostasis of the cell. Which organelles would most likely be involved in the maintenance of metabolism in a plant?

chloroplast and nucleus

nucleus and ribosome

mitochondria and nucleus

mitochondria and chloroplast

Which characteristics do single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms have in common?

Both have a way to get rid of waste materials by using cell organelles.

Both have cells with specialized functions for each life process.

Both are able to make food from sunlight.

Both perform all life processes within one cell.

Which of the following correctly describes the pathway taken by a protein destined for secretion from a cell?

rough ER → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

rough ER → transport vesicle → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

rough ER → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → lysosome → plasma membrane

plasma membrane → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → rough ER

Which of the following is the difference between single-celled and multi-celled organisms?

Single-celled organisms need food to survive, but multi-celled organisms do not

Multi-celled organisms are more complex than single-celled organisms.

Single-celled organisms are more complex than multi-celled organisms.

Multi-celled organisms need food to survive, but single-celled organisms do not.

How do bacteria compare with humans?

Both are unicellular organisms

Only humans are multicellular organisms.

Only bacteria are multicellular organisms.

Both are multicellular organisms

Which statement about the different types of cells is true?

Different types of cells do not need each other in order to survive.

Different types of cells have similar shapes and sizes.

Different types of cells look different, but they all do the same job.

Different types of cells cooperate to keep the organism alive.

Why is the shape and size of a cell important to its function?

The shape and size of a cell help the cell live longer.

The shape and size of a cell help the cell perform a specific function.

The shape and size of a cell help the cell grow larger.

The shape and size of a cell depend on the number of organelles it has.

When many organ systems work together they can form a(n) _______________.

Cells

Organ

organism

organ system

Place the levels of organization in order from simplest to most complex

cell

organ

organ system

tissue

organism

The skin is an organ which is made of billions of cells that are grouped together to form ________.

Tissues

organelles

Biomolecules

Organs

The phospholipid bilayer can be described as _______________________.

a double layer of phospholipids with tails facing inward

a single layer of phospholipids with tails facing inward

a single layer of phospholipids with tails facing outward

a double layer of phospholipids with tails facing outward

Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable. Which statement best explains what selectively permeable means?

The cell membrane lets certain substances enter the cell and keeps certain substances out of the cell.

The cell membrane prevents any harmful substance from entering the cell.

The cell membrane allows only large molecules to diffuse into the cell.

The cell membrane has pores that let only water and glucose into the cell and carbon dioxide out.

In the diagram of the plasma membrane shown below, which structures are indicated by A, B & C

A - Protein B - Carbohydrate C – Lipid

A - Carbohydrate, B - Phospholipid, C – Protein

A - Carbohydrates B - Water C – Lipid

A - Fat, B - Water, C – Cellulose

Examine the image. Which of the following describes the structure of the cell membrane?

Nucleotides make up the primary structure of the cell membrane and are arranged so that the hydrophobic fatty acid tails are away from water and the hydrophilic heads are exposed to water. Proteins are also embedded in the membrane to aid with transport.

Lipids make up the primary structure of the cell membrane and are arranged so that the hydrophilic fatty acid tails are away from water and the hydrophobic heads are exposed to water. Proteins are also embedded in the membrane to aid with transport.

Lipids make up the primary structure of the cell membrane and are arranged so that the hydrophobic fatty acid tails are away from water and the hydrophilic heads are exposed to water. Proteins are also embedded in the membrane to help with transport.

Carbohydrates make up the primary structure of the cell membrane. Proteins are also embedded in the membrane to help with transport and the carbohydrates are arranged so that they can successfully transport polar and nonpolar molecules into and out of the cell.

Which structure helps to keep the cell membranes fluid (flexible)?

Carbohydrate chains

Transport proteins

Phospholipids

Cholesterol

How does distance affect diffusion?

The longer the distance the faster the rate of diffusion.

The rate of diffusion will always be the same, no matter what the distance.

The longer the distance the slower the rate of diffusion.

The shorter the distance the faster the rate of diffusion.

Small, non-polar molecules like CO2 and O2 and NO can pass through the cell membrane using what type of transport?

Facilitated Diffusion

Endocytosis

Simple Diffusion

Osmosis

Osmosis occurs when there is a different concentration of solute molecules on each side of the membrane. The drawing below shows a beaker containing a 30% salt solution and a suspended cell containing a 10% salt solution. What statement best describes the cell after 20 minutes?

Salt will move from the beaker into the cell, resulting in a larger cell

Water will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell

Water will move from the beaker into the cell, resulting in a larger cell

Salt will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell

Which diagram below represents the use of a protein pump?

In diffusion, particles move down or along a _______ ________

differential gradient

concentration gradient

concentrated orange juice

diffusion gradient

Active transport is the movement of large materials across a cell membrane from ______ to ______ concentration

low to high

low to low

high to high

high to low

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Active uses hormones and passive does not

Active uses ATP (energy) and passive does not need energy

Active does not need energy and passive uses ATP (energy)

Active stores transport proteins and passive releases

The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane?

Active transport

Facilitated diffusion

Simple diffusion

Simple osmosis

Look at the cross section of a cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell in which H+ ions are being pumped across the cell membrane.

How do you describe this type of transport across the cell membrane?

Co-transport

Passive transport

Active transport

Facilitated diffusion

Using the image, what process is being performed in a cell?

Diffusion

Endocytosis

Pinocytosis

Exocytosis