AST Frac Level 1 - AST Engineering | Library

Instructions

1) For numbers >1,000, add a comma as no comma will mark the answer as wrong. 
2) All numbers should be reported with 2 decimal places. Ex: 1.00, not 1.
3) Include units in your answer when appropriate. (psi, gal, bbl, lbs, gpt, rpm)

1

Please find the Hydrostatic Pressure at TVD if we are pumping a sand concentration of 1.75ppg.

1

If flush is 325 bbls, how many gallons is that?

1

If 1,000 gallons of acid are pumped, how many barrels is that?

1

Find the density of slurry if the target concentration is 1.25 ppg.

1

What is the hydrostatic pressure if max concentration was 2.00 ppg and max rate was 100 bpm? ISIP was 3,550 psi and bottom hole pressure was 9,578 psi on flush.

1

Find the FG is the well has an ISIP of 2500 psi and a TVD of 5500', assume the well was flushed with fresh water.

1

Find the wellbore volume, in barrels, of #17 5.50" casing with a bottom perforation @ 15,678'.

1

Find the clean rate when you are pumping at a rate of 100bpm with a sand concentration of 0.75ppg. Assume the SG of the sand is 2.65

1

If you have a frac gradient of 0.88 and a TVD of 8,674' what is the bottom hole pressure?

1

What is the bottom hole pressure if you are on 1.75ppg and the wellhead is currently at 8,788 psi? TVD of the well is 9,647'.

1

How much proppant did you pump if you pumped 1,267 bbls of slurry at 1.75 ppg?

1

If 38,329 lbs of 36% (really 35.21%) acid is delivered, how much 15% acid will we have on location?

1

If 9,126 gals of 36% acid is ordered and it needs to be diluted to 15%, how many barrels of water needs to be delivered first?

1

How much FR is pumped, on flush, if it has a setpoint of 0.75 and 325 slurry barrels were pumped?

1

At what rate, in gpm, is FR being pumped during the initial pad if rate is 109.6 bpm and FR loading is at 1.0 gpt?

1

Find the total RPMs of the augers if there is a clean rate of 99.7 bbl/min at a concentration of 0.75 ppg and the PPR is at a 30 lbs/rev.

1

How many suction hoses do you need, attached to the blender, if the target rate is 110 bpm at 2.5 ppg concentration?

1

What is the maximum rate that can go through iron if it has an OD of 4" and ID of 3.8"?

1

How many discharge hoses do you need, attached to the blender, if the target rate is 110 bpm at 2.5 ppg concentration?

1

How much horsepower is our fleet running if average is pressure is 8,250 psi @ 101.1 bpm?

1

How much fuel do we have on location if we have 10,000 gal in the frac tanks and 20 pumps on location? *Assume fuel tanks are at 75%

1

Explain what hydraulic fracturing is.

1

What is the purpose of hydraulic fracturing?

1

Label the parts of this frac location.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
5		Frac Pumps
2		Proppant Storage (Sand Silos, Sandkings, etc.)
1		Fluid Storage (Water Transer, Frac Tanks, Water Silos, etc.)
3		Wellheads/Zipper manifold
8		Pumpdown unit
4		Wireline Crane
9		Manifold (Missile, Monoline, etc.)
6		Chemical Units (Chemadd, Chemical Trailer, Totes, etc.)
7		Blender

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Bleed-off Valves		Change the flow of the fluid
Zipper Manifold		Distributes fluid from blender to the pumps and from the pumps to the wellhead
Missile (Manifold)		Prevents flowback from well to frac equipment
Check Valve		Bleeds off pressure from frac equipment
Pressure relief systems		Safety valves to ensure pressure does not exceed max allowable pressure.
Chiksan (Swivel Joint)		Connects wellheads to allow for faster operations

1

What is the difference between pressure A & B

1

Where is the transducer for pressure A?

1

What iron rating to use for a line expected to hold 13500 psi?

1

Where is the transducer for the zipper manifold?

1

What are the hoses on the suction side of the blender hooked to?

1

What are the hoses on the discharge side of the blender hooked to?

1

What is the size of a standard tote?

1

What is an ISO?

1

Generally, which sand has higher density, 100 mesh or 40/70?

1

Approximately how many pounds of sand does a sand truck carry? How many trucks to fill up a Solaris silo?

1

How does sand get from the silos/sand kings to the blender tub?

1

What are the engines on the blender used for?

1

What part of operations could cause a drop in the inline such as in the plot below?

1

Describe what effect is happening during this section of the plot.

1

Describe what the treater means when he asks the blender tender for boost

1

What is a screen-out?

1

What does it mean when a pump operator asks for PTO?

1

What does it mean when the treater tells the crew to prime up?

1

What process happens after the line boss says, "Pop off closed, bleed off closed, line clear"?

1

Describe the difference between pressure A and pressure B

1

What does it mean if a treater tells you the down time was due to replacing a rubber?

1

What does it mean the fluid tech is getting a "strap"

1

Describe what the treater means when he tells the blender tender to go to 1 pound.

1

Describe the difference between preflush and flush.

1

Describe what is the purpose of a pump in frac operations.

1

Describe what a blender does in frac operations.

1

Explain the purpose of the missile during frac operations.

1

Describe ISIP and how to find it.

1

Match the pressure types with the correct description.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Instantaneous shut-in pressure		Pressure at the wellhead also known as surface treating pressure.
Bottom hole pressure		Pressure exerted by the wellbore fluid due to depth and density.
Closure Pressure		Pressure loss due to fluid friction.
Pipe friction pressure		Treating pressure + hydrostatic pressure - pipe friction - perforation friction
Hydrostatic pressure		Friction due to fluid moving through restricted area of perforations
Tortuosity pressure		Pressure caused by complex fluid path
Perforation friction pressure		Pressure when rate goes to zero.
Injection pressure		The minimum pressure required to keep the fracture open.

1

Match the type of frac fluid component with its purpose

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Gel		Dissolves formation and increases fracture conductivity
Clay Inhibitor		Prevents bacteria growth
Breaker		Slowly breaks down FR to help with fluid recovery
Surfactant		Reduces swelling in clay formations
Crosslink		Links polymers to make a viscous fluid
Biocide		Reduces friction in wellbore
Corrosion inhibitor		Increases viscosity of frac fluid to carry proppant
Acid		Prevents mineral deposits from building up in the wellbore
Friction reducer		Reduces surface tension of frac fluid
Scale inhibitor		Protects the wellbore from corroding

1

What is the difference between formation breakdown and acid breakdown?

1

Select all the types of frac proppant

1

What is the common SG of frac proppant?

1

What is the difference between 100 mesh sand and 40/70 sand?

1

What test is done, in the field, to analyze sand size?

1

What should the pH of slickwater be?

1

Bleed off valves are located before the check valve.

1

Where are popoffs placed?

1

Frac operation order:
Close zipper/wellhead
Close bleed-off valves
_______ 
Equalize to opening pressure
Follow frac schedule
Close zipper/wellhead
_______ 

1

Which process is essential before resuming operation every time the line is broken for pumps swap or changing pieces of iron?

1

Why is it important for the treater to record the closure pressure of a well?

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
ChemAdd Operator		Controlling chemical setpoints and maintaining chemical pumps
Sand Coordinatior		Responsible for all the iron, open and closing the well, looking for leaks
Fluid Tech		Often the outside supervisor, straps chemicals, moves ISOs, and calibrating chemical pumps.
Pump Operator		Ensures hopper stays full of sand
Line Boss		Maintaines pumping rate
E-Tech		In charge of all electronics on site including: maintaining communications, pressure transducers, pump control boxes, and the datavan.
Sand Operator		Oversees the frac operation on their shift. Ensures operations run smoothly and efficiently.
Treater		Directs sand deliveries and offloading into the correct storage compartment.

1

What is the area within the high pressure zone called?

1

What does a green hardhat represent?

1

What kind of gloves is required when handling frac iron?

1

Which of the following are AST-required PPE? Select all that applies

1

If they discover a pin hole leak on the suction manifold of the monoline, what type of NPT would it be considered?

1

Classify the following into pump maintenance or pump failure (NPT)

1

Which of the following is considered Customer NPT?

1

How much sand is in the silo if it is at 47%?

1

How much time from does it take to empty a full silo? Assume a 75 min cycle time, 120k lbs per sand type, an average truck size of 48,000 lbs, and 8 trucks per Silo.

1

In preparing to wrap up a Endeavor's job, the sand tracker says the amount of sand needed to complete the job is 355,431 of 100M and 246,025 of 40/70, how would you place your sand order?

1

How would you order 75000 lbs of 100M to complete a job?

1

What additional screens need to be set-up prior to starting job upon arrival to job location?

1

When setting up DataAcq, what needs to be checked in Job Header Information or else the job data will not be uploaded to the server?

1

To have engineer/treater/consultant names auto-populate on the report, where would you input the names?

1

Which of the following eFieldPro dashboards AST field engineer use to check whether frac plots and chems & sand straps are uploaded correctly?

1

When populating the Reference Sheet on the Engineering Report, what cell needs to be manually inputted?

1

Select the option that has the following stage order.

1. 111-1
2. 212-1
3. 151-1
4. 252-1
5. 212-2
6. 111-2
7. 151-2
8. 212-3

1

What column should be hidden on the Field Ticket Sheet?

1

You send out an stage update email and it says "Stage 1 of 52" when it should be "Stage 3 of 52". Which Excel file/tab do you need to check & correct?

1

AST does not charge the Endeavor directly for the amounts of FR and Surf, but does charge for Breaker, which usage quantities should be recorded on our Master & Data excel?

1

The slickwater job calls for 0.5 on Ace Flow 3300, 1 on ME-350, 0.25 on ABK101. Select the correct fluid matrix

1

What is the maximum amount that should be remaining in an ISO when a delivery is getting offloaded into it?

1

How much lead time should generally be given for chemical orders?

1

At the end of the job, on what documents should the total sand used be the same?

1

How many hours ahead of start time is it best to schedule chem ISO delivery for a new job?

1

When should ISO pickups be scheduled?

1

It is a good practice to hide the "Discount %" column on the Field Ticket before printing it out for signatures?

1

What part of the inventory must be zeroed out at the end of a job?

1

	Pump maintenance	Pump failure (NPT)
Packing/Plunger
Mechanical issue (overheating, drive shaft, etc.)
Seat & valves
Cracked fluid end
Water in fuel lines
Scheduled PMs
Unscheduled PMs

	Pump maintenance	Pump failure (NPT)
Packing/Plunger
Mechanical issue (overheating, drive shaft, etc.)
Seat & valves
Cracked fluid end
Water in fuel lines
Scheduled PMs
Unscheduled PMs