AST Frac Level 1

Last updated about 2 years ago

97 questions

Note from the author:

Instructions

1

Library

AST Frac Level 1

Last updated about 2 years ago

97 questions

Note from the author:

FE1 frac

Instructions

1) For numbers >1,000, add a comma as no comma will mark the answer as wrong. 
2) All numbers should be reported with 2 decimal places. Ex: 1.00, not 1.
3) Include units in your answer when appropriate. (psi, gal, bbl, lbs, gpt, rpm)

1

If flush is 325 bbls, how many gallons is that?

1

If 1,000 gallons of acid are pumped, how many barrels is that?

1

Find the density of slurry if the target concentration is 1.25 ppg.

1

What is the hydrostatic pressure if max concentration was 2.00 ppg and max rate was 100 bpm? ISIP was 3,550 psi and bottom hole pressure was 9,578 psi on flush.

1

Find the wellbore volume, in barrels, of #17 5.50" casing with a bottom perforation @ 15,678'.

1

If you have a frac gradient of 0.88 and a TVD of 8,674' what is the bottom hole pressure?

1

If 38,329 lbs of 36% (really 35.21%) acid is delivered, how much 15% acid will we have on location?

1

How much FR is pumped, on flush, if it has a setpoint of 0.75 and 325 slurry barrels were pumped?

1

Find the total RPMs of the augers if there is a clean rate of 99.7 bbl/min at a concentration of 0.75 ppg and the PPR is at a 30 lbs/rev.

1

What is the maximum rate that can go through iron if it has an OD of 4" and ID of 3.8"?

1

How much horsepower is our fleet running if average is pressure is 8,250 psi @ 101.1 bpm?

1

Explain what hydraulic fracturing is.

1

What is the purpose of hydraulic fracturing?

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

1

What is the difference between pressure A & B

1

What are the hoses on the discharge side of the blender hooked to?

1

What is an ISO?

1

How does sand get from the silos/sand kings to the blender tub?

1

Describe what the treater means when he asks the blender tender for boost

1

What does it mean when a pump operator asks for PTO?

1

Describe the difference between pressure A and pressure B

1

What does it mean if a treater tells you the down time was due to replacing a rubber?

1

What does it mean the fluid tech is getting a "strap"

1

Describe what the treater means when he tells the blender tender to go to 1 pound.

1

Describe the difference between preflush and flush.

1

Describe what is the purpose of a pump in frac operations.

1

Describe what a blender does in frac operations.

1

Explain the purpose of the missile during frac operations.

1

Describe ISIP and how to find it.

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

1

What is the difference between formation breakdown and acid breakdown?

1

What is the difference between 100 mesh sand and 40/70 sand?

1

Frac operation order:
Close zipper/wellhead
Close bleed-off valves
_______ 
Equalize to opening pressure
Follow frac schedule
Close zipper/wellhead
_______ 

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

1

How much sand is in the silo if it is at 47%?

1

FE1 frac

1) For numbers >1,000, add a comma as no comma will mark the answer as wrong. 
2) All numbers should be reported with 2 decimal places. Ex: 1.00, not 1.
3) Include units in your answer when appropriate. (psi, gal, bbl, lbs, gpt, rpm)

Please find the Hydrostatic Pressure at TVD if we are pumping a sand concentration of 1.75ppg.

2,671.56 psi

2,799.64 psi

2,682.17 psi

2,531.18 psi

If flush is 325 bbls, how many gallons is that?

If 1,000 gallons of acid are pumped, how many barrels is that?

Find the density of slurry if the target concentration is 1.25 ppg.

What is the hydrostatic pressure if max concentration was 2.00 ppg and max rate was 100 bpm? ISIP was 3,550 psi and bottom hole pressure was 9,578 psi on flush.

Find the FG is the well has an ISIP of 2500 psi and a TVD of 5500', assume the well was flushed with fresh water.

0.85

0.81

0.90

0.88

Find the wellbore volume, in barrels, of #17 5.50" casing with a bottom perforation @ 15,678'.

Find the clean rate when you are pumping at a rate of 100bpm with a sand concentration of 0.75ppg. Assume the SG of the sand is 2.65

98.0 bpm

100.0 bpm

95.7 bpm

96.7 bpm

If you have a frac gradient of 0.88 and a TVD of 8,674' what is the bottom hole pressure?

What is the bottom hole pressure if you are on 1.75ppg and the wellhead is currently at 8,788 psi? TVD of the well is 9,647'.

13,265.9 psi

13,473.9 psi

13,406.1 psi

13,290.5 psi

How much proppant did you pump if you pumped 1,267 bbls of slurry at 1.75 ppg?

50,908 lbs

86,284 lbs

93,125 lbs

74,742 lbs

If 38,329 lbs of 36% (really 35.21%) acid is delivered, how much 15% acid will we have on location?

If 9,126 gals of 36% acid is ordered and it needs to be diluted to 15%, how many barrels of water needs to be delivered first?

336 bbls

342 bbls

285 bbls

299 bbls

How much FR is pumped, on flush, if it has a setpoint of 0.75 and 325 slurry barrels were pumped?

At what rate, in gpm, is FR being pumped during the initial pad if rate is 109.6 bpm and FR loading is at 1.0 gpt?

4.6 gpm

4.4 gpm

2.3 gpm

4.2 gpm

Find the total RPMs of the augers if there is a clean rate of 99.7 bbl/min at a concentration of 0.75 ppg and the PPR is at a 30 lbs/rev.

How many suction hoses do you need, attached to the blender, if the target rate is 110 bpm at 2.5 ppg concentration?

11 hoses

15 hoses

12 hoses

10 hoses

What is the maximum rate that can go through iron if it has an OD of 4" and ID of 3.8"?

How many discharge hoses do you need, attached to the blender, if the target rate is 110 bpm at 2.5 ppg concentration?

10 hoses

12 hoses

15 hoses

11 hoses

How much horsepower is our fleet running if average is pressure is 8,250 psi @ 101.1 bpm?

How much fuel do we have on location if we have 10,000 gal in the frac tanks and 20 pumps on location? *Assume fuel tanks are at 75%

16,000 gal

18,000 gal

14,000 gal

20,000 gal

Explain what hydraulic fracturing is.

What is the purpose of hydraulic fracturing?

Label the parts of this frac location.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
6		Frac Pumps
5		Proppant Storage (Sand Silos, Sandkings, etc.)
9		Fluid Storage (Water Transer, Frac Tanks, Water Silos, etc.)
7		Wellheads/Zipper manifold
3		Pumpdown unit
8		Wireline Crane
2		Manifold (Missile, Monoline, etc.)
4		Chemical Units (Chemadd, Chemical Trailer, Totes, etc.)
1		Blender

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Zipper Manifold		Change the flow of the fluid
Chiksan (Swivel Joint)		Distributes fluid from blender to the pumps and from the pumps to the wellhead
Bleed-off Valves		Prevents flowback from well to frac equipment
Pressure relief systems		Bleeds off pressure from frac equipment
Missile (Manifold)		Safety valves to ensure pressure does not exceed max allowable pressure.
Check Valve		Connects wellheads to allow for faster operations

What is the difference between pressure A & B

Where is the transducer for pressure A?

After the check valve

Before the check valve

On the wellhead

On the blender

What iron rating to use for a line expected to hold 13500 psi?

1502 frac iron

1002 frac iron

Neither

Where is the transducer for the zipper manifold?

Wellhead

On the bleedoff valves

On the flowback iron

East side of the manifold

What are the hoses on the suction side of the blender hooked to?

Water Supply

Sand Silo

Chemical Totes

Missle/Monoline

What are the hoses on the discharge side of the blender hooked to?

What is the size of a standard tote?

190 gal

100 gal

330 gal

280 gal

What is an ISO?

Generally, which sand has higher density, 100 mesh or 40/70?

100 mesh

40/70

About the same

Approximately how many pounds of sand does a sand truck carry? How many trucks to fill up a Solaris silo?

48,000 lbs, 7 trucks

47,500 lbs, 7 trucks

48,000 lbs, 8 trucks

46,600 lbs, 8 trucks

How does sand get from the silos/sand kings to the blender tub?

What are the engines on the blender used for?

What part of operations could cause a drop in the inline such as in the plot below?

Pump failure

Wireline perforating

Sand hopper went empty

Iron failure

Describe what effect is happening during this section of the plot.

Screen Out

Water Hammer

Pressure Test

Normal Operations

Describe what the treater means when he asks the blender tender for boost

What is a screen-out?

All the screens in the data van go black

Not enough sand sieves to test the particle size distribution of the sand

Blockage of flow in well, perforations, or fractures preventing continued frac operations

All of the above

What does it mean when a pump operator asks for PTO?

What does it mean when the treater tells the crew to prime up?

Prime the engine with fuel

Fill the pumps and iron with water

Fill the hopper full of sand

Fill the chemical pumps and lines with chemical

What process happens after the line boss says, "Pop off closed, bleed off closed, line clear"?

Pressure testing

Finishing a stage

Pump maintence

Blender swap

Describe the difference between pressure A and pressure B

What does it mean if a treater tells you the down time was due to replacing a rubber?

What does it mean the fluid tech is getting a "strap"

Describe what the treater means when he tells the blender tender to go to 1 pound.

Describe the difference between preflush and flush.

Describe what is the purpose of a pump in frac operations.

Describe what a blender does in frac operations.

Explain the purpose of the missile during frac operations.

Describe ISIP and how to find it.

Match the pressure types with the correct description.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Perforation friction pressure		Pressure at the wellhead also known as surface treating pressure.
Instantaneous shut-in pressure		Pressure exerted by the wellbore fluid due to depth and density.
Injection pressure		Pressure loss due to fluid friction.
Closure Pressure		Treating pressure + hydrostatic pressure - pipe friction - perforation friction
Bottom hole pressure		Friction due to fluid moving through restricted area of perforations

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

What is the difference between formation breakdown and acid breakdown?

What is the difference between 100 mesh sand and 40/70 sand?

Frac operation order:
Close zipper/wellhead
Close bleed-off valves
_______ 
Equalize to opening pressure
Follow frac schedule
Close zipper/wellhead
_______ 

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

How much sand is in the silo if it is at 47%?

Please find the Hydrostatic Pressure at TVD if we are pumping a sand concentration of 1.75ppg.

2,671.56 psi

2,799.64 psi

2,682.17 psi

2,531.18 psi

Find the FG is the well has an ISIP of 2500 psi and a TVD of 5500', assume the well was flushed with fresh water.

0.85

0.81

0.90

0.88

Find the clean rate when you are pumping at a rate of 100bpm with a sand concentration of 0.75ppg.  Assume the SG of the sand is 2.65

98.0 bpm

100.0 bpm

95.7 bpm

96.7 bpm

What is the bottom hole pressure if you are on 1.75ppg and the wellhead is currently at 8,788 psi?  TVD of the well is 9,647'.

13,265.9 psi

13,473.9 psi

13,406.1 psi

13,290.5 psi

How much proppant did you pump if you pumped 1,267 bbls of slurry at 1.75 ppg?

50,908 lbs

86,284 lbs

93,125 lbs

74,742 lbs

If 9,126 gals of 36% acid is ordered and it needs to be diluted to 15%, how many barrels of water needs to be delivered first?

336 bbls

342 bbls

285 bbls

299 bbls

At what rate, in gpm, is FR being pumped during the initial pad if rate is 109.6 bpm and FR loading is at 1.0 gpt?

4.6 gpm

4.4 gpm

2.3 gpm

4.2 gpm

How many suction hoses do you need, attached to the blender, if the target rate is 110 bpm at 2.5 ppg concentration?

11 hoses

15 hoses

12 hoses

10 hoses

How many discharge hoses do you need, attached to the blender, if the target rate is 110 bpm at 2.5 ppg concentration?

10 hoses

12 hoses

15 hoses

11 hoses

How much fuel do we have on location if we have 10,000 gal in the frac tanks and 20 pumps on location? *Assume fuel tanks are at 75%

16,000 gal

18,000 gal

14,000 gal

20,000 gal

Label the parts of this frac location.

6

Frac Pumps

5

Proppant Storage (Sand Silos, Sandkings, etc.)

9

Fluid Storage (Water Transer, Frac Tanks, Water Silos, etc.)

7

Wellheads/Zipper manifold

3

Pumpdown unit

8

Wireline Crane

2

Manifold (Missile, Monoline, etc.)

4

Chemical Units (Chemadd, Chemical Trailer, Totes, etc.)

1

Blender

Zipper Manifold

Change the flow of the fluid

Chiksan (Swivel Joint)

Distributes fluid from blender to the pumps and from the pumps to the wellhead

Bleed-off Valves

Prevents flowback from well to frac equipment

Pressure relief systems

Bleeds off pressure from frac equipment

Missile (Manifold)

Safety valves to ensure pressure does not exceed max allowable pressure.

Check Valve

Connects wellheads to allow for faster operations

Where is the transducer for pressure A?

After the check valve

Before the check valve

On the wellhead

On the blender

What iron rating to use for a line expected to hold 13500 psi? 

1502 frac iron

1002 frac iron

Neither

Where is the transducer for the zipper manifold?

Wellhead

On the bleedoff valves

On the flowback iron

East side of the manifold

What are the hoses on the suction side of the blender hooked to?

Water Supply

Sand Silo

Chemical Totes

Missle/Monoline

What is the size of a standard tote?

190 gal

100 gal

330 gal

280 gal

Generally, which sand has higher density, 100 mesh or 40/70?

100 mesh

40/70

About the same

Approximately how many pounds of sand does a sand truck carry? How many trucks to fill up a Solaris silo?

48,000 lbs, 7 trucks

47,500 lbs, 7 trucks

48,000 lbs, 8 trucks

46,600 lbs, 8 trucks

What are the engines on the blender used for?

Chemical Pump

Hydraulic System

Suction Pump

Proppant Pump

Discharge Pump

What part of operations could cause a drop in the inline such as in the plot below?

Pump failure

Wireline perforating

Sand hopper went empty

Iron failure

Describe what effect is happening during this section of the plot.

Screen Out

Water Hammer

Pressure Test

Normal Operations

What is a screen-out?

All the screens in the data van go black

Not enough sand sieves to test the particle size distribution of the sand

Blockage of flow in well, perforations, or fractures preventing continued frac operations

All of the above

What does it mean when the treater tells the crew to prime up?

Prime the engine with fuel

Fill the pumps and iron with water

Fill the hopper full of sand

Fill the chemical pumps and lines with chemical

What process happens after the line boss says, "Pop off closed, bleed off closed, line clear"?

Pressure testing

Finishing a stage

Pump maintence

Blender swap

Match the pressure types with the correct description.

Perforation friction pressure

Pressure at the wellhead also known as surface treating pressure.

Instantaneous shut-in pressure

Pressure exerted by the wellbore fluid due to depth and density.

Injection pressure

Pressure loss due to fluid friction.

Closure Pressure

Treating pressure + hydrostatic pressure - pipe friction - perforation friction

Bottom hole pressure

Friction due to fluid moving through restricted area of perforations

Hydrostatic pressure

Pressure caused by complex fluid path

Pipe friction pressure

Pressure when rate goes to zero.

Tortuosity pressure

The minimum pressure required to keep the fracture open.

Match the type of frac fluid component with its purpose

Biocide

Dissolves formation and increases fracture conductivity 

Surfactant

Prevents bacteria growth

Corrosion inhibitor

Slowly breaks down FR to help with fluid recovery

Scale inhibitor

Reduces swelling in clay formations

Breaker

Links polymers to make a viscous fluid

Clay Inhibitor

Reduces friction in wellbore

Acid

Increases viscosity of frac fluid to carry proppant

Gel

Prevents mineral deposits from building up in the wellbore

Crosslink

Reduces surface tension of frac fluid

Friction reducer

Protects the wellbore from corroding

Select all the types of frac proppant

Resin coated sand

Playground sand

Recycled glass

Ceramic sand

Natural sand

Beach sand

What is the common SG of frac proppant?

2.55

2.85

2.75

2.65 

What test is done, in the field, to analyze sand size?

Sieve Analysis

Centrifugal Distribution

Measuring with a caliper

Bucket Test

What should the pH of slickwater be?

Acidic

Neutral

Basic

Bleed off valves are located before the check valve.

True

False

Where are popoffs placed?

After the check valve

Before the check valve

On the zipper manifold

On the wellhead

On the blender

Which process is essential before resuming operation every time the line is broken for pumps swap or changing pieces of iron?

EOs taking a break

Pressure test

Report the change to the field supervisor

Record downtime on the excel

Why is it important for the treater to record the closure pressure of a well?

It helps determine the equalizing pressure for the next stage

The engineer will need it for documentation

The consultant will ask for it

It is not necessary 

Treater

Controlling chemical setpoints and maintaining chemical pumps

Fluid Tech

Responsible for all the iron, open and closing the well, looking for leaks

Sand Operator

Often the outside supervisor, straps chemicals, moves ISOs, and calibrating chemical pumps.

ChemAdd Operator

Ensures hopper stays full of sand

Sand Coordinatior

Maintaines pumping rate

Line Boss

In charge of all electronics on site including: maintaining communications, pressure transducers, pump control boxes, and the datavan. 

Pump Operator

Oversees the frac operation on their shift.  Ensures operations run smoothly and efficiently. 

E-Tech

Directs sand deliveries and offloading into the correct storage compartment. 

What is the area within the high pressure zone called?

Red zone

Yellow zone

High pressure area

DANGER! STAY OUT!

What does a green hardhat represent?

Employee in training

Safety

Company man

Supervisor

What kind of gloves is required when handling frac iron?

Impact gloves

Mechanic gloves

Chemical resistant gloves

Rubber gloves

Which of the following are AST-required PPE? Select all that applies

Safety glasses

FR clothing

Steel toed boots

Face mask

Hard hat

Rain jacket

If they discover a pin hole leak on the suction manifold of the monoline, what type of NPT would it be considered?

Customer NPT, Misc Other

AST Maint, Misc Other

AST NPT, Iron

Customer NPT, Third Party

Classify the following into pump maintenance or pump failure (NPT)

Pump maintenance

Pump failure (NPT)

Packing/Plunger

Mechanical issue (overheating, drive shaft, etc.)

Seat & valves

Cracked fluid end

Water in fuel lines

Scheduled PMs

Unscheduled PMs

Which of the following is considered Customer NPT?

Iron

Greasing

Sand Equipment

Wellhead/zipper manifold

How much time from does it take to empty a full silo? Assume a 75 min cycle time, 120k lbs per sand type, an average truck size of 48,000 lbs, and 8 trucks per Silo.

3.20 hours

4.00 hours

240.00 hours

3.96 hours

In preparing to wrap up a Endeavor's job, the sand tracker says the amount of sand needed to complete the job is 355,431 of 100M and 246,025 of 40/70, how would you place your sand order?

7 loads + 19431 lbs partial of 100M, 5 loads + 6025 lbs partial of 40/70

7 loads of 100M, 5 loads of 40/70

5 loads + 6025 lbs partial of 100M, 7 loads + 19431 lbs partial of 40/70

7 loads + 40000 lbs partial of 100M, 5 loads + 6025 lbs partial of 40/70

How would you order 75000 lbs of 100M to complete a job?

Order a full load of 48000 lbs via Automatize, and 27000 lbs partial load thru the Field Supervisor

Order a full load of 48000 lbs via Automatize, and 27000 lbs partial load thru Nancy Russell

Order 2 partial loads of 37,500 lbs each via Nancy Russell

Order 2 full loads via Automatize and let the treater burn off or redirect to other fleet the 21000 lbs excess

What additional screens need to be set-up prior to starting job upon arrival to job location?

Generate ASCII Data

Report Manager

As Pump Schedule

Channel Inputs for Model

Chemical Additives

When setting up DataAcq, what needs to be checked in Job Header Information or else the job data will not be uploaded to the server?

Active Streaming

Transmit SimulFrac Secondary FPX

Mode > Auto-Upload

Use Mnemonic

Connect to FieldPro Live

To have engineer/treater/consultant names auto-populate on the report, where would you input the names?

Manually input them after report is generated

Report Manager

Channel Inputs for Model

Operations Header

As Pumped Schedule

Which of the following eFieldPro dashboards AST field engineer use to check whether frac plots and chems & sand straps are uploaded correctly?

Real Time Stream (Active)

Zoom-color by well

AST Shift Change Overview

Multi Stage View

When populating the Reference Sheet on the Engineering Report, what cell needs to be manually inputted?

Flush Volume

All of the Above

Fluid Type

Proppant Sand Codes

Select the option that has the following stage order.

111-1
212-1
151-1
252-1
212-2
111-2
151-2
212-3

What column should be hidden on the Field Ticket Sheet?

Rate

Gross Total

Discount Percentage

Discount Total

All of the above

You send out an stage update email and it says "Stage 1 of 52" when it should be "Stage 3 of 52". Which Excel file/tab do you need to check & correct?

Stage times

Morning Report

References

Data 2

AST does not charge the Endeavor directly for the amounts of FR and Surf, but does charge for Breaker, which usage quantities should be recorded on our Master & Data excel?

Only the Breaker since we charge them directly for it.

All the chems because we need to later disclose the chem quantities pumped

None, because Field Engineers don't do Field Tickets for Endeavor

The slickwater job calls for 0.5 on Ace Flow 3300, 1 on ME-350, 0.25 on ABK101. Select the correct fluid matrix

What is the maximum amount that should be remaining in an ISO when a delivery is getting offloaded into it?

1,500 gal

1,000 gal

2,500 gal

2,000 gal

How much lead time should generally be given for chemical orders?

6 hours

12 hours

10 hours

4 hours

At the end of the job, on what documents should the total sand used be the same?

Field Ticket

Inventory

Sand Tracker tab

Final PJR

Fluid Tech Report

How many hours ahead of start time is it best to schedule chem ISO delivery for a new job?

24 hours

6 hours

30 hours

12 hours

When should ISO pickups be scheduled?

12 hours from the job end time

6 hours from the job end time

At the same time as we you order ISO delivery for new location

As soon as the job ends

It is a good practice to hide the "Discount %" column on the Field Ticket before printing it out for signatures?

True

False

What part of the inventory must be zeroed out at the end of a job?

Acid

Friction Reducer

Surfactant

Sand

Fuel

According to engineering SOP, when should field engineers have the job folder uploaded to the AST's company drive?

Within 24 hours of the job's end date/time

within 36 hours from the job's end date/time

Anytime as long as it is before the next job start date

Have it saved locally, but only upload when asked to