The question is: Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The diagram represents the inferred stages in the formation of our solar system. Stage 1 shows a contracting gas cloud. The remaining stages show the gas cloud flattening into a spinning disk as planets formed around our Sun.
Approximately how long ago did stage 4 end and stage 5 begin?
1 billion years
5 billion years
20 billion years
100 billion years
Question 24
24.
Question 25
25.
Question 26
26.
Question 27
27.
Question 28
28.
Question 29
29.
Question 30
30.
The timeline below represents time from the present to 20 billion years ago. Letters A, B, C, and D represent specific times. Which letter on the timeline best represents the time when scientists estimate that the solar system's formation occurred?
A
B
C
D
The universe is approximately 13.8 billion years old. Compared to the age of the solar system, the age of the universe is approximately
three times older than the solar system
four times older than the solar system
two times older than the solar system
the same age as the solar system
The Sun revolves around the center of
Earth
Aldebaran
Polaris
the Milky Way Galaxy
In which sequence are the items listed from least total mass to greatest total mass?
universe, Milky Way, solar system
solar system, Milky Way, universe
Milky Way, solar system, universe
Milky Way, universe, solar system
A blue shift of the light from a star indicates that the star
is moving away from Earth
will soon become a main sequence star
will soon become a giant star
is moving closer to Earth
Which star type has a surface temperature of 4000 K and a luminosity 1000 times greater than the Sun?
giant
dwarf
supergiant
main sequence
Energy is produced within a star's core by the process of
insolation
nuclear fusion
radioactive decay
conduction
Which sequence of stars is listed in order of increasing luminosity?
Polaris, Deneb, 40 Eridani B, Proxima Centauri
Procyon B, Sun, Sirius, Betelgeus
Barnards Star, Alpha Centauri, Rigel, Spica
Spica, Rigel, Deneb, Betelgeuse
Which characteristics best describe the star Betelgeuse?
reddish orange with low luminosity and high surface temperature
blue white with low luminosity and low surface temperature
blue white with high luminosity and high surface temperature
reddish orange with high luminosity and low surface temperature
Which object in space emits light because it releases energy produced by nuclear fusion?
Venus
Halley's comet
Polaris
Earth's Moon
The timeline below represents time from the present to 20 billion years ago. Letters A, B, C, and D represent specific times.
Which letter on the timeline best represents the time when scientists estimate that the Big Bang occurred?
A
B
C
D
Base your answers to questions 12 and 13 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the expansion of a portion of the universe from its origin until the present. The timeline represents billions of years. Letter X indicates two celestial objects.
12. The two spiral-shaped celestial objects labeled X are
Comets
Galaxies
Planets
Asteroids
13. Two pieces of evidence that support the theory that the universe is expanding are the
red shift of light from distant stars and the existence of cosmic background radiation
blue shift of light from distant stars and the existence of nuclear fusion
red shift of light from distant stars and the existence of nuclear fusion
blue shift of light from distant stars and the existence of cosmic background radiation
Approximately how many degrees does Earth travel in its orbit in one month?
1°
360°
30°
15°
Which diagram below best represents the pattern of spectral lines from the same element when it was observed by Edwin Hubble in the light of one of the distant galaxies?
A
B
C
D
The star Vega has an average surface temperature of 10,000 K and has a luminosity 70 times greater than that of the Sun. Which type of star is Vega?
Supergiant
White Dwarf
Main Sequence
Giant
Some of the constellations that are visible to New York State observers at midnight in December are different from the constellations that are visible at midnight in June because
constellations revolve around Earth
constellations rotate on an axis
Earth revolves around the Sun
Earth rotates on its axis
Question 18: Base your answer to the following question on the graph below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The graph shows the changes in a single star's luminosity and relative temperature from its formation (point 1) to its late stage (point 4) relative to the Sun.
Which is a possible surface temperature of this star at point 2?
7000 K
10,000 K
3000 K
5000 K
Which characteristic is directly related to a planet's average distance from the Sun?
equatorial diameter
period of revolution
period of rotation
eccentricity of orbit
The Coriolis effect can best be used to explain the
deflection of winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere
cyclic time pattern of ocean tides
movement of air in a straight path from low pressure to high pressure
direction of convection currents in the asthenosphere
The best evidence of Earth's rotation is provided by the
A) Foucault pendulum and global warming
B) Foucault pendulum and Coriolis effect
C) Moon phases and global warming
D) Moon phases and Coriolis effect
Which statement best describes Earth's approximate rates of rotation and revolution?
Earth's rotation rate is 360°/hour and its revolution rate is 24°/day.
Earth's rotation rate is 1°/hour and its revolution rate is 15°/day.
Earth's rotation rate is 15°/hour and its revolution rate is 1°/day.
Earth's rotation rate is 24°/hour and its revolution rate is 360°/day.
Which property primarily determines whether a giant star or a supergiant star will form?
Color
Mass
Composition
Shape
What causes clouds of dust and gas to form a protostar
cosmic background radiation
magnetism
expansion of matter
gravitational attraction
This diagram of our solar system represents a...
heliocentric model with the Sun near the center
geocentric model with the Sun near the center
geocentric model with Earth near the center
heliocentric model with Earth near the center
Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a model of a portion of our solar system.
In our solar system, the orbits of the planets are best described as
elliptical with Earth at one focus
circular with the Sun at one focus
elliptical with the Sun at one focus
circular with Earth at one focus
If the diagram represents our solar system and planet B is Venus, which planet is represented by planet A?
Mars
Earth
Mercury
Jupiter
As planet A moves in orbit from its current location to position X, planet B most likely moves in orbit from its current location to position_____.
1
2
3
4
Question 30: Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the apparent change in direction of the swing of a scientific device over a period of five hours. This device provides evidence of Earth's rotation.
