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Semester 1 Final Exam Study Guide

Last updated over 2 years ago

90 questions

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Question 1

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Question 2

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Question 3

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What are the independent and dependent variables? 
How does the amount of sunlight affect a plant's growth?

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What are the independent and dependent variables? 
How does the amount of time sleeping affect the amount of weight a baby gains?

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What are the independent and dependent variables? 
What affect does the amount of silica have on the lava's speed?

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Question 33

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Question 34

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Question 35

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Question 36

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For the four statements below, identify which are true for plant cells animal cells, or are true for both

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Question 65

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Question 66

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Question 67

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If a sample of DNA contains 26% Adenine, what percent of the sample is Thymine?

Question 68

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If a sample of DNA contains 36% Adenine, what percent of the sample is Guanine?

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Question 90

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What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

the variable that is not relevant

the variable that remains constant

the variable that is manipulated

the variable that is being measured

What is the independent variable in an experiment?

the variable that remains constant

the variable that is manipulated

the variable that is being measured

the variable that is not relevant

Which variable is controlled by the experimenter?

the constant variable

the irrelevant variable

the dependent variable

the independent variable

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Question 5

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Question 6

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Question 7

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Question 8

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Draggable item		Corresponding Item

If you want to test how temperature affects the breathing rate of fish, what would be an appropriate ‘testable’ question?

How does temperature affects the breathing rate of fish?  

How does breathing rate of fish affects the temperature?

Which graph typically shows the change in a variable over time?

Bar graph

Pie chart

Scatter plot

Line graph

What is the purpose of a control group in a science experiment?

To make the experiment more interesting

To test multiple variables

To ensure the experiment is successful

To provide a baseline for comparison

What role does the control group play in a science experiment?

To serve as a reference for comparison

To make the experiment more challenging

To predict the outcome of the experiment

To control the variables being tested

An investigation was carried out by a biology class that wanted to measure the growth rate of two spice plants. Students took a measurement of the height (cm) of water spinach and mustard green plants over 40 days. Use the graph below to help you answer questions. 

Question 13

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Question 14

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Question 15

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Question 16

16.

Which of the following is a characteristic of life?

Static

Inorganic

Reproduction

Inanimate

What is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment?

Homeostasis

Respiration

Adaptation

Mutation

What is the process by which organisms obtain and use energy?

Metabolism

Growth

Excretion

Reproduction

What is the passing of traits from parents to offspring called?

Photosynthesis

Ecology

Heredity

Evolution

What is the main difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?

Presence of a nucleus

Type of organelles

Cell wall composition

Size of the cell

Which type of cell has a more complex internal structure?

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

Animal cell

Plant cell

What do both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have in common?

Cell membrane

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

Nucleus

Which type of cell is found in bacteria?

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

Plant cell

Animal cell

What is the main function of the nucleus in a cell?

Produces energy

Contains DNA

Controls cell movement

Regulates cell size

What is the primary role of the nucleus in heredity?

Stores genetic information

Synthesizes proteins

Fights off pathogens

Breaks down nutrients

What is the main function of the mitochondria?

Waste elimination

DNA replication

Transportation

Energy production

Which organelle is responsible for generating ATP?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Golgi apparatus

What is the powerhouse of the cell?

Lysosome

Peroxisome

Mitochondria

Ribosome

Which organelle is known as the 'cellular power plant'?

Golgi apparatus

Chloroplast

Centriole

Mitochondria

What is the main function of ribosomes in cells?

Energy production

Cellular respiration

DNA replication

Protein synthesis

What is the primary role of ribosomes in organisms?

Produce proteins

Maintain homeostasis

Control cell division

Transport nutrients

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

Provide structure for the cell

Store genetic material within the cell

Regulate movement of substances in and out of the cell

Produce energy for the cell

Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane?

Producing proteins for the cell

Breaking down waste materials in the cell

Protecting the cell from its surroundings

Transporting oxygen to the cell

What is the function of the lysosome?

Synthesize proteins

Digest cellular waste

Produce energy

Control cell division

What is the main function of the vacuole in a cell?

Storage of water and nutrients

Generation of energy

Manufacturing of proteins

Elimination of waste products

Question 37

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Question 38

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Question 39

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Question 40

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Which process requires energy from the cell?

diffusion

active transport

passive transport

osmosis

Which process does not require energy from the cell?

exocytosis

passive transport

active transport

endocytosis

Which process involves movement of molecules against the concentration gradient?

passive transport

simple diffusion

active transport

facilitated diffusion

Which process allows molecules to move from high to low concentration?

active transport

endocytosis

osmosis

passive transport

Which term describes a solution with equal solute concentration as the cell?

Hypertonic

Isotonic

Neutral

Hypotonic

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

The cell remains completely unaffected.

Water exits the cell, causing it to shrink.

There is no net movement of water into or out of the cell.

Water enters the cell, causing it to swell.

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

It stays the same

It divides

It shrinks

It swells

What is the result of a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

Water moves out of the cell

Water does not move

Water moves into the cell

Water moves in and out of the cell

During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate?

Telophase

Prophase

Anaphase

Metaphase

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes in the center of the cell?

Anaphase

Telophase

Prophase

Metaphase

What is the correct order of the stages of mitosis?

Anaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Metaphase

Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Prophase

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Telophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Prophase

Which stage of mitosis involves the lining up of chromosomes?

Metaphase

Telophase

Prophase

Anaphase

During which stage do the sister chromatids separate?

Telophase

Anaphase

Prophase

Metaphase

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Protein synthesis

Cell division

DNA replication

Energy production

Why does mitosis occur?

Growth and repair

To eliminate waste

To facilitate respiration

To produce gametes

When does mitosis occur?

Only during puberty

Only during embryonic development

Throughout an organism's life

Only in plants

What is the outcome of mitosis?

One larger daughter cell

One haploid daughter cell

Two identical daughter cells

No daughter cells

The number of chromosomes inside a cell is the same during metaphase as at the end of cell separation.

True

False

What is the structure of DNA?

Single strand

Circular

Double helix

Triple helix

What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

Breaks down proteins

Helps in cell division

Regulates cell metabolism

Provides instructions for building proteins

What is the difference between a gene and a chromosome?

Genes are segments of chromosomes.

Genes and chromosomes are the same thing.

Chromosomes contain multiple genes on them.

Genes are smaller than chromosomes.

What is a gene?

A large structure found in the cell nucleus.

A type of chromosome.

A molecule that carries genetic information.

A segment of DNA that codes for a protein.

What is a chromosome?

A type of protein.

A thread-like structure that carries genetic information.

A type of RNA molecule.

A small segment of a gene.

What is the purpose of DNA replication in biology?

To produce proteins

To produce RNA

To produce two identical copies of DNA

To form new cells

Why is DNA replication necessary in biology?

To stop cell division

To ensure accurate transfer of genetic information

To remove damaged DNA

To produce energy

What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?

Vitamin, phosphate, nitrogenous base

Sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base

Sugar, lipid, nitrogenous base

Sugar, protein, nitrogenous base

Which scientist below was responsible for providing the evidence for what the structure of DNA looks like?

James Watson & Francis Crick

Rosalind Franklin

Maurice Wilkins

Original DNA sequence: AGTCTCGG

TCAGAGCC

CTAGACGC

GACTGATT

GATCGATG

Original DNA sequence: GCAATCGATC

CGTTAGCTAG

TACCGGTAGC

ATCGATTGTC

GCTTACGTGC

What is the purpose of DNA transcription?

To divide the cell

To replicate the DNA molecule

To make an RNA copy of a gene

To build proteins from amino acids

Where does DNA transcription occur in the cell?

In the cytoplasm

In the ribosomes

In the mitochondria

In the nucleus

Why is DNA transcription important for protein synthesis?

To provide a template for making mRNA

To repair damaged DNA strands

To convert mRNA into a functional protein

To break down proteins into smaller amino acids

What molecule is directly involved in DNA transcription?

RNA polymerase

DNA polymerase

Ribosome

What is the purpose of DNA translation?

To replicate DNA

To store genetic information

To transcribe RNA

To synthesize proteins

Where does DNA translation occur in the cell?

In the nucleus

In the mitochondria

On ribosomes

In the cytoplasm

What is the main product of DNA translation?

rRNA

Protein

tRNA

mRNA

What is the role of tRNA during DNA translation?

Synthesize proteins

Carry amino acids to the ribosome

Store genetic information

Copy DNA

What are the consequences of transcription going wrong?

Correct protein synthesis

Improved cellular function

Incorrect protein synthesis

Increased cellular division

A change in environmental conditions can lead to mutations.

True

False

Mutations can result in new traits/characteristics in a gene pool.

True

False

Mutations in DNA where a single base is added to or deleted from the DNA sequence is called ______________-

A frameshift mutation

A point mutation 

An insertion mutation 

A deletion mutation

Six nucleotides were lost causing a genetic disorder.  What type of mutation is it?

A point mutation 

A deletion mutation

An insertion mutation 

Six nucleotides were added to RNA. What type of mutation is it?

A point mutation 

An insertion mutation 

A deletion mutation

What is the term used to describe the replication of DNA?

Dispersive replication

Semi-conservative replication

Conservative replication

Non-conservative replication

What does semi-conservative replication mean?

DNA strands are fully separated during replication

Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand

Newly synthesized DNA is a mixture of parent and daughter strands

Each nucleotide is replicated only once

What is the structure of DNA?

Triple helix

Single strand

Double helix

Spirograph

What type of bond is made between nitrogenous base pairs?

Nitrogen Bond

Metallic Bond 

Ionic Bond 

Hydrogen Bond 

What is the central dogma of biology?

Information flows from RNA to DNA

Information flows from protein to RNA to DNA

Information flows from DNA to RNA to protein

Information flows from DNA to protein to RNA

Independent Variable 

Type of Plant 

Amount of Sunlight 

Plant's Growth 

Type of Sunlight

Dependent Variable 

Type of Plant 

Amount of Sunlight 

Plant's Growth 

Type of Sunlight

Independent Variable 

Amount of Time 

Weight gained 

Race of baby

Type of Bed

Dependent Variable 

Race of baby

Type of Bed

Weight gained 

Amount of Time 

Dependent Variable

Amount of Silica

Independent Variable 

Lava's Speed

At 20 days, the height of Water spinach plant was approximately  ________ cm 

50 cm 

20 cm

40 cm 

30 cm 

At 20 days, while the height of the Mustard Green plant was approximately  ________cm. 

50 cm 

40 cm 

20 cm

30 cm 

What is the purpose of constants in a science experiment?

To change the outcome of the experiment

To ensure that all variables except for the one being tested are kept the same

To measure multiple variables simultaneously

To evaluate the data collected from the experiment

Constants that would need to be kept the same for this investigation (Select All that Apply) 

Type of Water 

Type of Environment 

Amount of Light 

This cell requires nutrients but can also produce their own food

Plant Cell Only

Animal Cell Only 

Both

This cell uses chemical energy (sugar)

Plant Cell Only

Animal Cell Only 

Both

This cell contains both a cell wall and cell membrane

Plant Cell Only

Animal Cell Only 

Both

This cell is an example of a Eukaryotic Cell

Plant Cell Only

Animal Cell Only 

Both