Copy of 2024 Lesson 7 Wrap Up (1/7/2024)

2

What descriptions describe cancer cells (pick 2)

cells are the same shape

cells are different shapes

cells grow uncontrollably (keep going through cell division without going through checkpoints)

cells stop at checkpoints

1

What is a tumor?

when cells divide into two cells

where DNA is stored

a large mass of cells

the gene that prevents cancer

An adult human body contains trillions of cells. Body cells go through the stages of the cell cycle. A diagram of the cell cycle is shown.

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4

Describe TWO events that occur during the interphase stage of the cell cycle.

2

Mitosis and cytokinesis are important stages of the cell cycle. Explain why mitosis must occur before cytokinesis.

2

Describe one way a person's body would be affected if cells stopped going through mitosis and cytokinesis.

1

People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?

G1 phase

S phase

G2 phase

M phase

1

Which statement describes what would most likely happen if p53 mutated and could not perform its task?

The cell would regain control of the cell cycle by adding an additional checkpoint at cytokinesis.

The cell would divide without control and produce new cells that make p53 without the mutation.

The cell would regain control of the cell cycle by using a type of lipid instead of p53.

The cell would divide without control and lead to the formation of cancer.

1

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules

one with two new strands and the other with two original strands

each with one new strand and one original strand

each with two original strands

1

When does DNA replication occur?

all the time

before cell division

after gametes are formed

whenever it wants

1

Changes in DNA sequences that affect genetic information are known as

replications

transformations

translations

mutations

1

The model shows a mutation to a partial sequence of bases in a gene. Which type of mutation does the model represent?

deletion

insertion

substitution

translatocation

1

2

1

In cancer cells, mutations in the DNA cause the cells to reproduce uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Cancer directly affects which cellular process?

fertilization

mitosis

osmosis

conjunction

1

Which of the following is a primary reason for cancer cells developing in an organism?

Cancer cells are only caused by a genetically inherited gene.

Cancer cells are the result of other pre-existing abnormalities in the body's tissues.

Cancer cells are created by mutations resulting in signals that fail to control normal cell behavior.

Cancer genes are duplicated and spread throughout the body, which affects every cell in the body.

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1

Image W is a molecule that is a double helix. Image W is

protein chain

DNA

mRNA

enzyme

1

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the creation of a protein?

Amino Acid--> DNA--> RNA-->Protein

DNA --> RNA --> Amino Acid --> Protein

Protein --> DNA --> RNA --> Amino Acid

DNA --> Protein --> RNA --> Amino Acid

1

Which mutation would leave the phenotype (appearance) of the organism unchanged?

A. mutation 1

B. mutation 2

C. mutation 3

D. mutation 4

1

In a laboratory, cell parts were separated using a centrifuge. After the cell parts were isolated, RNA and amino acids were added to each sample. After some time, the samples were tested for proteins. Which sample most likely contained newly made proteins?

A. Nuclei

B. Mitocondria

C. Cell membranes

D. Ribosomes

1

All six codons listed below code for the same amino acid during protein synthesis. CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG Which of the following statements describes an advantage of having multiple codons for the same amino acid?

The length of the protein chain will be reduced.

The effect of mutations in the DNA could be reduced.

The cell could use the bases that are most available in the nucleus to assemble DNA.

The ribosome will more quickly read the order of the bases during translation.

1

Methylation is a process that can add methyl (CH3) groups to DNA. A gene containing methylated nucleotides often cannot be transcribed. As a result, proteins will not be produced. Which of the following cellular processes is most directly affected by DNA methylation?

A. respiration

B. nitrogen fixation

C. DNA replication

D. mRNA production

1

The diagram below shows a strand of DNA matched to a strand of messenger (mRNA). What process does this diagram represent?

A. mutation

B. replication

C. transcription

D. translation

0

The diagram represents a chain of amino acids. The different shapes represent different amino acids.
A scientist wants to produce a single strand of DNA that codes for this amino acid chain. How many nucleotides will be in the DNA that the scientist produces?

5 nucleotides

6 nucleotides

12 nucleotides

18 nucleotides

1

Which diagram shows how RNA is read to produce an amino acid chain?

null

1

In a sample of double stranded DNA, 20% of the nitrogenous bases are adenine (A). What percentage of the nitrogenous bases in the sample are cytosine (C)?

10%

30%

60%

80%

CYP1A is a protein in organisms that breaks down toxic substances such as those found in oil. The amount of CYP1A protein in an organism depends on the expression of the CYP1A gene.

1

A DNA sequence is shown below. What is produced when the sequence is transcribed TAGGAGCAT

chain of three amino acids

a set of three tRNA molecules

a section of mRNA with the base sequence AUCCUCGUA

a section of DNA with the base sequence ATCCTCGTA

Copy of 2024 Lesson 7 Wrap Up (1/7/2024)

What descriptions describe cancer cells (pick 2)

What is a tumor?

Describe TWO events that occur during the interphase stage of the cell cycle.

Mitosis and cytokinesis are important stages of the cell cycle. Explain why mitosis must occur before cytokinesis.

Describe one way a person's body would be affected if cells stopped going through mitosis and cytokinesis.

People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?

Which statement describes what would most likely happen if p53 mutated and could not perform its task?

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules

When does DNA replication occur?

Changes in DNA sequences that affect genetic information are known as

The model shows a mutation to a partial sequence of bases in a gene. Which type of mutation does the model represent?

In cancer cells, mutations in the DNA cause the cells to reproduce uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Cancer directly affects which cellular process?

Which of the following is a primary reason for cancer cells developing in an organism?

Image W is a molecule that is a double helix. Image W is

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the creation of a protein?

Which mutation would leave the phenotype (appearance) of the organism unchanged?

In a laboratory, cell parts were separated using a centrifuge. After the cell parts were isolated, RNA and amino acids were added to each sample. After some time, the samples were tested for proteins. Which sample most likely contained newly made proteins?

All six codons listed below code for the same amino acid during protein synthesis. CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG Which of the following statements describes an advantage of having multiple codons for the same amino acid?

Methylation is a process that can add methyl (CH3) groups to DNA. A gene containing methylated nucleotides often cannot be transcribed. As a result, proteins will not be produced. Which of the following cellular processes is most directly affected by DNA methylation?

The diagram below shows a strand of DNA matched to a strand of messenger (mRNA). ​​What process does this diagram represent?

The diagram represents a chain of amino acids. The different shapes represent different amino acids.A scientist wants to produce a single strand of DNA that codes for this amino acid chain. How many nucleotides will be in the DNA that the scientist produces?

Which diagram shows how RNA is read to produce an amino acid chain?

In a sample of double stranded DNA, 20% of the nitrogenous bases are adenine (A). What percentage of the nitrogenous bases in the sample are cytosine (C)?

A DNA sequence is shown below. What is produced when the sequence is transcribed TAGGAGCAT

What descriptions describe cancer cells (pick 2)

What is a tumor?

Describe TWO events that occur during the interphase stage of the cell cycle.

Mitosis and cytokinesis are important stages of the cell cycle. Explain why mitosis must occur before cytokinesis.

Describe one way a person's body would be affected if cells stopped going through mitosis and cytokinesis.

People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?

Which statement describes what would most likely happen if p53 mutated and could not perform its task?

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules

When does DNA replication occur?

Changes in DNA sequences that affect genetic information are known as

The model shows a mutation to a partial sequence of bases in a gene. Which type of mutation does the model represent?

In cancer cells, mutations in the DNA cause the cells to reproduce uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Cancer directly affects which cellular process?

Which of the following is a primary reason for cancer cells developing in an organism?

Image W is a molecule that is a double helix. Image W is

The arrow labeled X represents a process where DNA is read, copied, and made into a single strand of mRNA. This process called

The arrow labeled Y represents the step in the process when mRNA is made into a protein chain. This process is called

The structure labeled Z is what is created as a result of protein synthesis. Structure Z is a long strand of

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the creation of a protein?

Which mutation would leave the phenotype (appearance) of the organism unchanged?

In a laboratory, cell parts were separated using a centrifuge. After the cell parts were isolated, RNA and amino acids were added to each sample. After some time, the samples were tested for proteins. Which sample most likely contained newly made proteins?

All six codons listed below code for the same amino acid during protein synthesis. CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG Which of the following statements describes an advantage of having multiple codons for the same amino acid?

Methylation is a process that can add methyl (CH3) groups to DNA. A gene containing methylated nucleotides often cannot be transcribed. As a result, proteins will not be produced. Which of the following cellular processes is most directly affected by DNA methylation?

The diagram below shows a strand of DNA matched to a strand of messenger (mRNA). ​​What process does this diagram represent?

The diagram represents a chain of amino acids. The different shapes represent different amino acids.A scientist wants to produce a single strand of DNA that codes for this amino acid chain. How many nucleotides will be in the DNA that the scientist produces?

Which diagram shows how RNA is read to produce an amino acid chain?

In a sample of double stranded DNA, 20% of the nitrogenous bases are adenine (A). What percentage of the nitrogenous bases in the sample are cytosine (C)?

A DNA sequence is shown below. What is produced when the sequence is transcribed TAGGAGCAT

The arrow labeled X represents a process where DNA is read, copied, and made into a single strand of mRNA. This process called

The arrow labeled Y represents the step in the process when mRNA is made into a protein chain. This process is called

The structure labeled Z is what is created as a result of protein synthesis. Structure Z is a long strand of

The diagram below shows a strand of DNA matched to a strand of messenger (mRNA). What process does this diagram represent?

The diagram represents a chain of amino acids. The different shapes represent different amino acids.
A scientist wants to produce a single strand of DNA that codes for this amino acid chain. How many nucleotides will be in the DNA that the scientist produces?

The diagram below shows a strand of DNA matched to a strand of messenger (mRNA). What process does this diagram represent?

The diagram represents a chain of amino acids. The different shapes represent different amino acids.
A scientist wants to produce a single strand of DNA that codes for this amino acid chain. How many nucleotides will be in the DNA that the scientist produces?