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Skin Structure & Disorders and Diseases

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Last updated over 1 year ago
100 questions
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Question 100
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Which of these is NOT an example of an extrinsic skin-aging factor?
ethnicity
stress
overuse of alcoholic beverages
smoking
Continued, repeated pressure on any part of the skin can cause it to thicken and develop into a:
pustule
comedo
papule
callus
Contact with poison ivy or poison oak commonly causes _____ in many people.
nodules
vesicles
keloids
fissures
A deficiency in perspiration is called:
bromhidrosis
hyperhidrosis
miliaria rubra
anhidrosis
Which of the following is a primary lesion frequently seen in cases of severe acne?
fissure
bulla
cyst
wheal
What is the oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair?
sebum
elastin
perspiration
collagen
Which of the following is NOT found in the reticular layer?
oil glands
lymph vessels
nerve endings
melanocytes
A _____ is an abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular shape.
stain
tan
chloasma
nevus
What is the medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin?
cardiology
osteology
dermatology
neurology
Which of the following is an example of a secondary skin lesion?
keloid
bulla
wheal
macule
Which of the following is a hereditary condition that causes hypopigmented spots on the skin?
vitiligo
hypertrophy
chloasma
lentigines
An abnormal mass varying in size, shape, and color is a:
crust
wheal
tubercle
tumor
The deepest layer of the dermis that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the skin is the:
reticular layer
papillary layer
stratum germinativum
subcutaneous layer
The nerve fibers that regulate the excretion of perspiration are the:
sensory
secretory
motor
passive
A thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue is a:
wheal
vesicle
keloid
crust
Nutrients and oxygen are supplied to the skin by:
lymph
blood
papules
pustules
The body needs _____ for many body functions, including hormones and sebum production.
fats
carbohydrates
minerals
proteins
Which condition often presents as a fever blister or cold sore?
seborrheic dermatitis
impetigo
herpes simplex II
herpes simplex I
Another name for a nevus is a:
mask of pregnancy
wart
birthmark
freckle
The fibrous protein that gives skin form and strength is:
elastin
collagen
pheomelanin
keratin
When the sebum of a comedo is exposed, it oxidizes, producing:
scales
whiteheads
milia
blackheads
Which layer of the epidermis is also known as the basal cell layer?
stratum germinativum
stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
A verruca is also known as a:
wart
mole
birthmark
skin tag
A callus is a _____ caused by continued, repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin.
skin tag
keratoma
scar
verruca
Squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by:
light or pearly nodules
jagged, raised nodules
white, uneven papules
scaly red papules or nodules
The red to yellow melanin produced by the body is:
secondary melanin
primary melanin
pheomelanin
eumelanin
The horny layer, or outer covering of the epidermis, is the:
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum germinativum
stratum corneum
Propionibacterium acnes are anaerobic, which means they cannot survive in the presence of:
oxygen
sebum
carbon dioxide
fatty acids
A majority of scientists now believe that most signs of skin aging are caused by:
sun exposure
chronic illness
poor diet
smoking
Which skin disease is caused by the skin cells turning over faster than normal?
psoriasis
hyperhidrosis
herpes simplex I
albinism
Which UV rays cause the majority of skin cancers?
UVB
UVC
UVA
UVD
The epidermal-dermal junction is located at the top of the _____ layer.
stratum lucidum
reticular
papillary
stratum spinosum
The specialist who provides cleansing treatments for the skin is a(n):
esthetician
manicurist
pedicurist
dermatologist
What does the D on the American Cancer Society Cancer Checklist stand for?
drainage
direction
diameter
depth
Which of the following is a common, extremely contagious bacterial infection of the eye?
eczema
conjunctivitis
dermatitis
impetigo
A predisposition to acne is based on:
diet and hormones
heredity and environment
heredity and hormones
age and diet
The best way to prevent both types of occupational contact dermatitis is to:
avoid working with potentially irritating chemicals
wash your hands before and after every service
wear gloves when working with irritating chemicals
start a prophylactic antibiotic regimen
What is NOT a characteristic of healthy skin?
soft
rigid
slightly moist
fine-grained texture
What are the two layers of the dermis?
reticular and tactile
papillary and reticular
papillary and subcutaneous
reticular and subcutaneous
A person with albinism will have:
hyperpigmentation in spots that are not elevated
silky white hair
an abnormal brown-colored or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular shape
a birthmark
Wheals are NOT commonly caused by:
insect bites
nettle stings
urticaria
acne
When should you apply sunscreen?
at least 1 hour before sun exposure
at least 10 minutes before sun exposure
immediately before sun exposure
at least 30 minutes before sun exposure
The chronic condition _____ is characterized by redness on the cheeks and nose.
anhidrosis
rosacea
acne
milia
Which vitamin is vital in fighting the aging process and promoting the production of collagen?
vitamin D
vitamin E
vitamin C
vitamin A
Cicatrix is another name for a(n):
scale
excoriation
scar
ulcer
Subcutaneous tissue does all of the following EXCEPT:
contains fats for use as energy
acts as a protective cushion for the skin
produces melanin
gives smoothness and contour to the body
Normally, how many pints of salt-containing liquids are eliminated daily through sweat pores in the skin?
3 to 4
2 to 3
more than 5
1 to 2
A _____ is a closed, abnormally developed sac that contains pus, semifluid, or morbid matter, above or below the skin, which cannot be drained of fluid.
pustule
vesicle
tubercle
cyst
The pigment produced to protect the skin from the effects of ultraviolet sun rays is called:
collagen
elastin
melanin
keratin
A(n) _____ is a raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus.
open comedo
pustule
closed comedo
pimple
Common places for allergic contact dermatitis on a client include all of the following EXCEPT:
scalp
neckline
hairline
soles of the feet
The surface of healthy skin should:
be highly acidic
have a neutral pH
be slightly acidic
be slightly alkaline
A _____ is characterized by a pile of material on the skin surface or a depression in the skin surface.
tumor
primary skin lesion
secondary skin lesion
bulla
Skin color depends on tiny grains of pigment, or coloring matter, called:
melanin
papule
sebum
collagen
The small, cone-shaped elevations at the bottom of hair follicles are called the:
sebaceous glands
melanocytes
dermal papillae
tactile corpuscles
To prevent premature skin aging, you should make daily use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least:
30
4
15
8
An open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth, is a(n):
pustule
scar
scale
ulcer
When irritating substances temporarily damage the epidermis, the result is:
irritant contact dermatitis
sensitization
allergic contact dermatitis
contact eczema
The protein base that helps skin regain its shape after being stretched or expanded is called:
keratin
melanin
collagen
elastin
Seborrheic dermatitis is often characterized by:
small, solid bumps
red, flaky skin
tumors
large nodules
Which rays of the sun are known as aging rays?
UVB rays
SPF rays
UVC rays
UVA rays
A _____ is any mark on the skin that may indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs.
papule
lesion
vesicle
macule
Which extrinsic skin-aging factor has the greatest impact on how skin ages?
sun exposure
stress
poor diet
smoking
Telangiectasis is defined as:
raised lesions
distended or dilated surface blood vessels
small, solid bumps
parallel white streaks on the dermis
On which body part are sudoriferous glands more numerous?
forehead
ankles
neck
back of the hands
The clear fluid that bathes skin cells, removes toxins and cellular waste, and has immune functions is called:
blood
adipose
lymph
collagen
Miliaria rubra is an inflammation of the sweat glands that is also known as:
prickly heat
rosacea
chicken pox
dermatitis
A(n) _____ is a lesion that is a different color than the color of the skin.
primary lesion
secondary lesion
fissure
ulcer
When sebum hardens and completely clogs an oil duct so that there are no surface follicle openings, it creates a(n):
melanocyte
callus
closed comedo
open comedo
Which term refers to an inflammation of the skin caused by touching certain chemicals or substances?
contact dermatitis
excoriation
hyperhidrosis
scales
Which of these conditions is a contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by weeping lesions?
herpes simplex I
psoriasis
dyschromia
impetigo
Which vitamin helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun's UV light?
vitamin D
vitamin A
vitamin C
vitamin E
Darker than normal pigmentation that appears as dark splotches is called:
hypopigmentation
hyperpigmentation
albinism
lentigines
The clear, transparent skin layer just under the surface through which light passes is the:
stratum lucidum
stratum germinativum
stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
A crack that penetrates the dermis layer of the skin is a:
cyst
fissure
vesicle
tumor
Where are the melanocytes located?
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum germinativum
Retention hyperkeratosis is the hereditary tendency for acne-prone skin to:
become hypopigmented
retain dead cells in the follicle
repel fatty acids
produce minimal amounts of sebum
The National Institute of Health (NIH) recommends a diet that is low in:
salt
saturated fat
water
grains
Which skin disorder is characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions?
acne
nevus
rosacea
psoriasis
A closed comedo is also known as a:
sebaceous cyst
blackhead
fissure
whitehead
Black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture are a sign of which type of skin cancer?
cellular melanoma
malignant melanoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
What is the principal component of hair and nails?
melanin
elastin
collagen
keratin
The most common and least severe type of skin cancer is:
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
cellular melanoma
malignant melanoma
Benign, keratin-filled cysts that appear under the epidermis and have no visible opening are:
scales
milia
comedones
pustules
Which of the following is NOT an example of an intrinsic skin-aging factor?
gravity
genetics
facial expressions
sun exposure
People with dark-colored skin mostly produce:
primary melanin
pheomelanin
eumelanin
secondary melanin
At what time of day is UV exposure typically highest?
9 AM to 12 PM
4 PM to 7 PM
10 AM to 3 PM
5 AM to 8 AM
A _____ is a raised bump that is often red due to inflammation and sore due to the pressure of swelling.
cyst
papule
bulla
macule
The outermost layer of the skin is the:
reticular
epidermis
papillary
dermis
The layer of the skin commonly called the true skin is the:
stratum germinativum
epidermis
dermis
stratum granulosum
The sudoriferous glands:
are found primarily on the scalp
excrete sebum
are also known as oil glands
detoxify the body
Which term is broadly used to describe any inflammatory condition of the skin?
dermatitis
pustules
impetigo
contagious
A solid bump larger than 1 centimeter that can be easily felt is called a:
nodule
pustule
tubercle
papule
Which nerve fibers react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain?
passive
sensory
secretory
motor
Impulses are carried from the brain to the muscles by _____ nerve fibers.
passive
motor
sensory
secretory
The muscles that can cause goose bumps are called the _____ muscles.
sensory
excretory
arrector pili
papillary
Foul-smelling perspiration caused by bacteria is:
bromhidrosis
hyperhidrosis
miliaria rubra
anhidrosis
A freckle is an example of a:
cyst
papule
wheal
macule
Where do comedones appear most frequently?
cheeks
shoulders
neck
T-zone
Nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure are found in which layer of the skin?
papillary layer
reticular layer
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum