Genetics Unit Summative

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21 questions

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What does genotype Tt mean?

one dominant and one recessive allele

two recessive alleles

two dominant alleles

at least one dominant allele

In pea plants, the trait for being tall (T) is dominant and the trait for being short (t) is recessive. Two heterozygous tall pea plants are crossed. What is the probability of their offspring being tall? (Make a Punnett square to SHOW YOUR WORK)

25%

50%

100%

75%

Use the information to answer the following question.

Nose color is an inherited trait in dogs. Two puppies from the same set of parents have different color noses. One puppy has a pink nose and one puppy has a black nose.

How can puppies from the same set of parents have different color noses?

The pink-nosed puppy inherited all of its genes from its mother, and the black-nosed puppy inherited all of its genes from its father.

The pink-nosed puppy has a different number of chromosomes than the black-nosed puppy.

The pink-nosed puppy and the black-nosed puppy must not be related.

The pink-nosed puppy and the black nosed puppy inherited different combinations of the genes for nose color from their parents.

In tulips, alleles for purple petals are dominant to alleles for white petals.
Which of the following explanations BEST describes what color petals the
tulip will have if they inherit one dominant allele for purple petals and one
recessive allele for white petals?

The tulip will have purple petals because the allele for purple petals is dominant, and the dominant allele always masks the recessive allele.

The tulip will have an unknown color of petals because petal color does not have a consistent pattern of inheritance.

The tulip will have white petals because the allele for white petals is recessive, and the recessive allele always masks the dominant allele.

The tulip will be pink petals because the two alleles blend to make a new trait.

Use the information to answer the following question.

A student is doing a genetics experiment on beetles. A pure green beetle is crossed with a pure brown beetle. The student repeats this experiment ten more times. Every time the student performs this cross, all of the offspring are green.

What can the student conclude?

The gene for green color is dominant over the gene for brown color because all the beetle offspring have a green phenotype.

The genes for green and brown color are equally expressed because half the beetle parents have a green phenotype and half the beetle parents have a brown phenotype.

The gene for brown color is dominant over the gene for green color because all of the beetle offspring have a brown genotype.

The gene for green color is dominant over the gene for brown because all the beetle offspring have a brown phenotype.

In squirrels, gray fur (G) is dominant over white fur (g). A homozygous gray squirrel (GG) is crossed with a homozygous white squirrel (gg). What are the possible genotypes of the offspring? (Make a Punnett square to SHOW YOUR WORK)

gg only

GG and gg

GG only

Gg only

Use the information to answer the following question.

Based on the results, which statement must be TRUE of the parents in this cross?

The parents must both have one recessive gene.

It is not possible to determine anything about the parents’ genes.

The parents must both have at least one dominant gene.

The parents have the same genes as one another.

Use the information and Punnett square to answer the following question.

Imagine brown eyes are dominant over green eyes. The Punnett square shows a cross between two parents with brown eyes.

What is the probability that the parents will produce an offspring with green eyes?

0%

75%

25%

50%

The Punnett square shows the results of a genetic cross. The mother is heterozygous for the trait shown. The father is homozygous recessive for the trait.

Which choice uses the Punnett square to BEST characterize the relationship
between traits of the potential offspring and their parent(s)?

There is a 25% chance that the offspring will have the same phenotype as the mother.

There is a 100% chance that the offspring will have the same phenotype as the father.

There is a 100% chance that the offspring will have the same phenotype as the mother.

There is a 50% chance that the offspring will have the same phenotype as the father.

In certain rats, black fur is dominant over white fur. If two rats that are both
heterozygous for fur color are mated and produce 40 offspring, which of the
following BEST represents the likely outcome from the cross?

0 black fur, 40 white fur

22 black fur, 18 white fur

40 black fur, 0 white fur

31 black fur, 9 white fur

Use the information and Punnett square to answer the following question.

Although brown feathers are dominant, a peacock breeder makes more money when they sell birds with blue feathers rather than birds with brown feathers. The breeder wants to produce as many blue-feathered peacock offspring as possible when they breed their birds. The farmer has some blue and some brown birds and wants to. Identify which birds may carry a blue gene. The farmer performs test crosses with four different breeding pairs of birds. The results are in the table shown.

Based on the results of the test cross, the brown parent(s) from which of the pairs can be identified with certainty as heterozygous for feather trait?

Breeding Pairs A and B

Breeding Pairs B and C

Breeding Pairs B and C

Breeding Pairs A and C

In mice, black fur is dominant to white fur. Two mice with black fur are
placed in the same cage and have several litters. Of all the offspring, 7 mice
have white fur and 19 mice have black fur. Which of the following crosses
could produce this combination?

Bb x bb

bb x bb

BB x bb

Bb x Bb

Use the information and model to answer the following question.
Two students were asked to develop a model to represent the offspring of sexual reproduction in organisms. They developed the models shown.

Which student correctly developed the model of sexual reproduction and why?

Student B developed the best model of sexual, reproduction because it shows the greater number of offspring always produced.

Student A developed the best model of sexual reproduction because it shows variety in the offspring.

Student B developed the best model of sexual reproduction because it shows offspring may vary in size, but are otherwise genetically identical.

Student A developed the best model of sexual reproduction because it shows offspring have identical characteristics.

Use the information and model to answer the following question.
Reproduction of the two-parent cats below resulted in offspring. Some of the
offspring are white, some are black, some are gray, and some are spotted.

How did variation in the offspring MOST LIKELY occur?

The offspring were produced from asexual reproduction because the offspring
have identical traits.

The offspring were produced from asexual reproduction because there is genetic diversity in the offspring

The offspring were produced from sexual reproduction because there is genetic diversity in the offspring.

The offspring were produced from sexual reproduction because the offspring have identical traits.

Single celled organisms can reproduce and create cells exactly like themselves without combining genes from two different parent cells. When they do this, they use what type of reproduction?

natural selection

asexual reproduction

sexual reproduction

gamete formation

A heterozygous short hair guinea pig and a long hair guinea pig are in the same cage and have several litters, totaling 36 offspring with a variety of fur lengths. In guinea pigs, short hair is dominant to long hair. Which of the following is an appropriate estimate of the total offspring that could have short hair? (Make a Punnett square to SHOW YOUR WORK)

0 of the offspring could have short hair.

36 of the offspring could have short hair.

8 of the offspring could have short hair.

19 of the offspring could have short hair.

Use the information and graph below to answer the question that follows. Scientists have been documenting the life expectancy of two organisms over several generations.

What can be concluded by using this graph about the relationship between the parent and offspring?

Organism 1 offspring are genetically identical to the previous generation, while Organism 2 are genetically diverse.

Organism 1 and 2 offspring are genetically identical to the previous generations.

Organism 1 offspring are genetically diverse to the previous offspring, while Organism 2 are genetically identical.

Organism 1 and 2 offspring are genetically diverse to the previous generation.

What is the term that describes the process of choosing parent organisms for desired characteristics?

Genetic manipulative

Random chance

Natural selection

Artificial selection

Use the information to answer the following question.

Dairy cows are selectively bred for larger udders to produce more milk. A
disadvantage of this selective breeding is that these cows with larger udders are more likely to have a trait that results in the cow having difficulties producing offspring.

Which BEST defines a situation when selective breeding for udder size might no longer be advantageous for the dairy cow farmers?

Selective breeding would no longer have an advantage when dairy cows produced both milk and offspring.

Selective breeding would no longer have an advantage when dairy cows could not produce offspring.

Selective breeding would no longer have an advantage when dairy cows produce more offspring than before.

Selective breeding would no longer have an advantage when dairy cows have large udders and multiple offspring.

A farmer wants to breed only grey peacocks since he can sell them for more
money than the regular peacocks. What is the BEST question to ask to
determine the effects of breeding the grey peacocks?

Will the grey peacocks be more aggressive than the regular peacocks?

What kind of food do the grey peacocks need for healthy breeding?

Can the farmer make enough money breeding only grey peacocks?

Are there risks of negative traits being passed on when breeding grey peacocks?

Conceptual Question: How can human intervention with genetics result in both positive and negative consequences?

Think about what we have learned over the course of the unit. Provide a specific example of how human intervention with genetics has resulted in positive and negative consequences.

What does genotype Tt mean?

one dominant and one recessive allele

two recessive alleles

two dominant alleles

at least one dominant allele

In pea plants, the trait for being tall (T) is dominant and the trait for being short (t) is recessive.  Two heterozygous tall pea plants are crossed.  What is the probability of their offspring being tall? (Make a Punnett square to SHOW YOUR WORK)

25%

50%

100%

75%

Use the information to answer the following question.

Nose color is an inherited trait in dogs. Two puppies from the same set of parents have different color noses. One puppy has a pink nose and one puppy has a black nose.

How can puppies from the same set of parents have different color noses?

The pink-nosed puppy inherited all of its genes from its mother, and the black-nosed puppy inherited all of its genes from its father.

The pink-nosed puppy has a different number of chromosomes than the black-nosed puppy.

The pink-nosed puppy and the black-nosed puppy must not be related.

The pink-nosed puppy and the black nosed puppy inherited different combinations of the genes for nose color from their parents.

In tulips, alleles for purple petals are dominant to alleles for white petals.
Which of the following explanations BEST describes what color petals the
tulip will have if they inherit one dominant allele for purple petals and one
recessive allele for white petals?

The tulip will have purple petals because the allele for purple petals is dominant, and the dominant allele always masks the recessive allele.

The tulip will have an unknown color of petals because petal color does not have a consistent pattern of inheritance.

The tulip will have white petals because the allele for white petals is recessive, and the recessive allele always masks the dominant allele.

The tulip will be pink petals because the two alleles blend to make a new trait.

Use the information to answer the following question.

A student is doing a genetics experiment on beetles. A pure green beetle is crossed with a pure brown beetle. The student repeats this experiment ten more times. Every time the student performs this cross, all of the offspring are green.

What can the student conclude?

The gene for green color is dominant over the gene for brown color because all the beetle offspring have a green phenotype.

The genes for green and brown color are equally expressed because half the beetle parents have a green phenotype and half the beetle parents have a brown phenotype.

The gene for brown color is dominant over the gene for green color because all of the beetle offspring have a brown genotype.

The gene for green color is dominant over the gene for brown because all the beetle offspring have a brown phenotype.

In squirrels, gray fur (G) is dominant over white fur (g).  A homozygous gray squirrel (GG) is crossed with a homozygous white squirrel (gg).  What are the possible genotypes of the offspring? (Make a Punnett square to SHOW YOUR WORK)

gg only

GG and gg

GG only

Gg only

Use the information to answer the following question.

Based on the results, which statement must be TRUE of the parents in this cross?

The parents must both have one recessive gene.

It is not possible to determine anything about the parents’ genes.

The parents must both have at least one dominant gene.

The parents have the same genes as one another.

Use the information and Punnett square to answer the following question.

Imagine brown eyes are dominant over green eyes. The Punnett square shows a cross between two parents with brown eyes.

What is the probability that the parents will produce an offspring with green eyes?

0%

75%

25%

50%

The Punnett square shows the results of a genetic cross. The mother is heterozygous for the trait shown. The father is homozygous recessive for the trait.

Which choice uses the Punnett square to BEST characterize the relationship
between traits of the potential offspring and their parent(s)?

There is a 25% chance that the offspring will have the same phenotype as the mother.

There is a 100% chance that the offspring will have the same phenotype as the father.

There is a 100% chance that the offspring will have the same phenotype as the mother.

There is a 50% chance that the offspring will have the same phenotype as the father.

In certain rats, black fur is dominant over white fur. If two rats that are both
heterozygous for fur color are mated and produce 40 offspring, which of the
following BEST represents the likely outcome from the cross?

0 black fur, 40 white fur

22 black fur, 18 white fur

40 black fur, 0 white fur

31 black fur, 9 white fur

Use the information and Punnett square to answer the following question.

Although brown feathers are dominant, a peacock breeder makes more money when they sell birds with blue feathers rather than birds with brown feathers. The breeder wants to produce as many blue-feathered peacock offspring as possible when they breed their birds. The farmer has some blue and some brown birds and wants to. Identify which birds may carry a blue gene. The farmer performs test crosses with four different breeding pairs of birds. The results are in the table shown.

Based on the results of the test cross, the brown parent(s) from which of the pairs can be identified with certainty as heterozygous for feather trait?

Breeding Pairs A and B

Breeding Pairs B and C

Breeding Pairs B and C

Breeding Pairs A and C

In mice, black fur is dominant to white fur. Two mice with black fur are
placed in the same cage and have several litters. Of all the offspring, 7 mice
have white fur and 19 mice have black fur. Which of the following crosses
could produce this combination?

Bb x bb

bb x bb

BB x bb

Bb x Bb

Use the information and model to answer the following question.
Two students were asked to develop a model to represent the offspring of sexual reproduction in organisms. They developed the models shown.


Which student correctly developed the model of sexual reproduction and why?

Student B developed the best model of sexual, reproduction because it shows the greater number of offspring always produced.

Student A developed the best model of sexual reproduction because it shows variety in the offspring.

Student B developed the best model of sexual reproduction because it shows offspring may vary in size, but are otherwise genetically identical.

Student A developed the best model of sexual reproduction because it shows offspring have identical characteristics.

Use the information and model to answer the following question.
Reproduction of the two-parent cats below resulted in offspring. Some of the
offspring are white, some are black, some are gray, and some are spotted.


How did variation in the offspring MOST LIKELY occur?

The offspring were produced from asexual reproduction because the offspring
have identical traits.

The offspring were produced from asexual reproduction because there is genetic diversity in the offspring

The offspring were produced from sexual reproduction because there is genetic diversity in the offspring.

The offspring were produced from sexual reproduction because the offspring have identical traits.

Single celled organisms can reproduce and create cells exactly like themselves without combining genes from two different parent cells.  When they do this, they use what type of reproduction?

natural selection

asexual reproduction

sexual reproduction

gamete formation

A heterozygous short hair guinea pig and a long hair guinea pig are in the same cage and have several litters, totaling 36 offspring with a variety of fur lengths.  In guinea pigs, short hair is dominant to long hair.  Which of the following is an appropriate estimate of the total offspring that could have short hair? (Make a Punnett square to SHOW YOUR WORK)

0 of the offspring could have short hair.

36 of the offspring could have short hair.

8 of the offspring could have short hair.

19 of the offspring could have short hair.

Use the information and graph below to answer the question that follows. Scientists have been documenting the life expectancy of two organisms over several generations.

What can be concluded by using this graph about the relationship between the parent and offspring?

Organism 1 offspring are genetically identical to the previous generation, while Organism 2 are genetically diverse.

Organism 1 and 2 offspring are genetically identical to the previous generations.

Organism 1 offspring are genetically diverse to the previous offspring, while Organism 2 are genetically identical.

Organism 1 and 2 offspring are genetically diverse to the previous generation.

What is the term that describes the process of choosing parent organisms for desired characteristics?

Genetic manipulative

Random chance

Natural selection

Artificial selection

Use the information to answer the following question.

Dairy cows are selectively bred for larger udders to produce more milk. A
disadvantage of this selective breeding is that these cows with larger udders are more likely to have a trait that results in the cow having difficulties producing offspring.

Which BEST defines a situation when selective breeding for udder size might no longer be advantageous for the dairy cow farmers?

Selective breeding would no longer have an advantage when dairy cows produced both milk and offspring.

Selective breeding would no longer have an advantage when dairy cows could not produce offspring.

Selective breeding would no longer have an advantage when dairy cows produce more offspring than before.

Selective breeding would no longer have an advantage when dairy cows have large udders and multiple offspring.

A farmer wants to breed only grey peacocks since he can sell them for more
money than the regular peacocks. What is the BEST question to ask to
determine the effects of breeding the grey peacocks?

Will the grey peacocks be more aggressive than the regular peacocks?

What kind of food do the grey peacocks need for healthy breeding?

Can the farmer make enough money breeding only grey peacocks?

Are there risks of negative traits being passed on when breeding grey peacocks?

Genetics Unit Summative

Genetics Unit Summative

Conceptual Question: How can human intervention with genetics result in both positive and negative consequences?Think about what we have learned over the course of the unit. Provide a specific example of how human intervention with genetics has resulted in positive and negative consequences.

What does genotype Tt mean?

In pea plants, the trait for being tall (T) is dominant and the trait for being short (t) is recessive. Two heterozygous tall pea plants are crossed. What is the probability of their offspring being tall? (Make a Punnett square to SHOW YOUR WORK)

Use the information to answer the following question.Nose color is an inherited trait in dogs. Two puppies from the same set of parents have different color noses. One puppy has a pink nose and one puppy has a black nose.How can puppies from the same set of parents have different color noses?

In tulips, alleles for purple petals are dominant to alleles for white petals.Which of the following explanations BEST describes what color petals thetulip will have if they inherit one dominant allele for purple petals and onerecessive allele for white petals?

In squirrels, gray fur (G) is dominant over white fur (g). A homozygous gray squirrel (GG) is crossed with a homozygous white squirrel (gg). What are the possible genotypes of the offspring? (Make a Punnett square to SHOW YOUR WORK)

Use the information to answer the following question.Based on the results, which statement must be TRUE of the parents in this cross?

Use the information and Punnett square to answer the following question.Imagine brown eyes are dominant over green eyes. The Punnett square shows a cross between two parents with brown eyes.What is the probability that the parents will produce an offspring with green eyes?

The Punnett square shows the results of a genetic cross. The mother is heterozygous for the trait shown. The father is homozygous recessive for the trait.Which choice uses the Punnett square to BEST characterize the relationshipbetween traits of the potential offspring and their parent(s)?

In certain rats, black fur is dominant over white fur. If two rats that are bothheterozygous for fur color are mated and produce 40 offspring, which of thefollowing BEST represents the likely outcome from the cross?

In mice, black fur is dominant to white fur. Two mice with black fur areplaced in the same cage and have several litters. Of all the offspring, 7 micehave white fur and 19 mice have black fur. Which of the following crossescould produce this combination?

Use the information and model to answer the following question.Two students were asked to develop a model to represent the offspring of sexual reproduction in organisms. They developed the models shown.Which student correctly developed the model of sexual reproduction and why?

Use the information and model to answer the following question.Reproduction of the two-parent cats below resulted in offspring. Some of theoffspring are white, some are black, some are gray, and some are spotted.How did variation in the offspring MOST LIKELY occur?

Single celled organisms can reproduce and create cells exactly like themselves without combining genes from two different parent cells. When they do this, they use what type of reproduction?

Use the information and graph below to answer the question that follows. Scientists have been documenting the life expectancy of two organisms over several generations.What can be concluded by using this graph about the relationship between the parent and offspring?

What is the term that describes the process of choosing parent organisms for desired characteristics?

A farmer wants to breed only grey peacocks since he can sell them for moremoney than the regular peacocks. What is the BEST question to ask todetermine the effects of breeding the grey peacocks?

Conceptual Question: How can human intervention with genetics result in both positive and negative consequences?Think about what we have learned over the course of the unit. Provide a specific example of how human intervention with genetics has resulted in positive and negative consequences.

Conceptual Question: How can human intervention with genetics result in both positive and negative consequences?

Think about what we have learned over the course of the unit. Provide a specific example of how human intervention with genetics has resulted in positive and negative consequences.

Use the information to answer the following question.

Nose color is an inherited trait in dogs. Two puppies from the same set of parents have different color noses. One puppy has a pink nose and one puppy has a black nose.

How can puppies from the same set of parents have different color noses?

In tulips, alleles for purple petals are dominant to alleles for white petals.
Which of the following explanations BEST describes what color petals the
tulip will have if they inherit one dominant allele for purple petals and one
recessive allele for white petals?

Use the information to answer the following question.

Based on the results, which statement must be TRUE of the parents in this cross?

Use the information and Punnett square to answer the following question.

Imagine brown eyes are dominant over green eyes. The Punnett square shows a cross between two parents with brown eyes.

What is the probability that the parents will produce an offspring with green eyes?

The Punnett square shows the results of a genetic cross. The mother is heterozygous for the trait shown. The father is homozygous recessive for the trait.

Which choice uses the Punnett square to BEST characterize the relationship
between traits of the potential offspring and their parent(s)?

In certain rats, black fur is dominant over white fur. If two rats that are both
heterozygous for fur color are mated and produce 40 offspring, which of the
following BEST represents the likely outcome from the cross?

In mice, black fur is dominant to white fur. Two mice with black fur are
placed in the same cage and have several litters. Of all the offspring, 7 mice
have white fur and 19 mice have black fur. Which of the following crosses
could produce this combination?

Use the information and model to answer the following question.
Two students were asked to develop a model to represent the offspring of sexual reproduction in organisms. They developed the models shown.

Which student correctly developed the model of sexual reproduction and why?

Use the information and model to answer the following question.
Reproduction of the two-parent cats below resulted in offspring. Some of the
offspring are white, some are black, some are gray, and some are spotted.

How did variation in the offspring MOST LIKELY occur?

Use the information and graph below to answer the question that follows. Scientists have been documenting the life expectancy of two organisms over several generations.

What can be concluded by using this graph about the relationship between the parent and offspring?

A farmer wants to breed only grey peacocks since he can sell them for more
money than the regular peacocks. What is the BEST question to ask to
determine the effects of breeding the grey peacocks?

Conceptual Question: How can human intervention with genetics result in both positive and negative consequences?

Think about what we have learned over the course of the unit. Provide a specific example of how human intervention with genetics has resulted in positive and negative consequences.