Protein Synthesis Practice Worksheet

Last updated over 2 years ago

26 questions

Instructions

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Protein Synthesis Practice Worksheet

Last updated over 2 years ago

26 questions

Instructions

Protein Synthesis and Codons Practice
Protein synthesis is the process where a sequence of DNA is used to build a protein from individual amino acids. The first step in this process is called TRANSCRIPTION, where a coding region of DNA is converted to messenger RNA (mRNA). During transcription, mRNA is made from the DNA sequence following the base pair rule, except RNA does not contain the base Thymine, but instead has Uracil. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cell's cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the message three bases at a time, called a CODON. Each codon will specify a single amino acid. The amino acids are joined together and folded into a protein, a process called TRANSLATION
Key Points:
DNA is used to make a copy of mRNA (transcription)
mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to ribosomes
3 bases = codon
1 codon = a single amino acid
A chain of amino acids = a protein
Protein synthesis is also called translation
Biologists use a codon chart or a codon wheel to determine the amino acids. Amino acids are usually abbreviated on these charts as three letter words, like Cys and Ser.

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Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CCC.

4

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to AGU.

4

A single codon is used to signal the beginning of protein synthesis. It is commonly called the START CODON.
Locate the start codon on the chart. What are the three bases of this codon?

4

For each sequence of DNA is shown. Type the complementary RNA sequence , then use the codon chart to determine the amino acid sequence:
DNA →  TAC  CAT  GGA  ATT  ACT

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Circle the mutation.

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Circle the mutation.

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Draggable item		Corresponding Item

Protein Synthesis and Codons Practice
Protein synthesis is the process where a sequence of DNA is used to build a protein from individual amino acids. The first step in this process is called TRANSCRIPTION, where a coding region of DNA is converted to messenger RNA (mRNA). During transcription, mRNA is made from the DNA sequence following the base pair rule, except RNA does not contain the base Thymine, but instead has Uracil. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cell's cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the message three bases at a time, called a CODON. Each codon will specify a single amino acid. The amino acids are joined together and folded into a protein, a process called TRANSLATION
Key Points:
DNA is used to make a copy of mRNA (transcription)
mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to ribosomes
3 bases = codon
1 codon = a single amino acid
A chain of amino acids = a protein
Protein synthesis is also called translation
Biologists use a codon chart or a codon wheel to determine the amino acids. Amino acids are usually abbreviated on these charts as three letter words, like Cys and Ser.

What is a codon?

An amino acid

A sequence of three bases

A type of mRNA

A protein

What is the role of a codon in protein synthesis?

To make mRNA

To form a protein

To build DNA

To specify a single amino acid

Where does translation occur in the cell?

At the ribosome in the cytoplasm

In the nucleus

In the mitochondria

In the cell membrane

4

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CCC.

4

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CAG.

4

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to GAA.

4

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to UUU.

4

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to AGU.

4

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to UAC.

4

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CGU.

4

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CCA.

Write the CODON that corresponds with each amino acid. There may be more than one (any one code is all you need to type in. The full names are written, but the codon chart only shows the first three letters. 

4

Proline

4

Valine

4

Histidine

4

Glycine

4

Phenylalanine

4

Arginine

4

A single codon is used to signal the beginning of protein synthesis. It is commonly called the START CODON.
Locate the start codon on the chart. What are the three bases of this codon?

4

For each sequence of DNA is shown. Type the complementary RNA sequence , then use the codon chart to determine the amino acid sequence:
DNA →  TAC  CAT  GGA  ATT  ACT

6

RNA SEQUENCE (put 1 space between each codon in all capital letters)

6

Amino Acid Sequence (type out with a space after each three letters).

Circle the mutation.

What type of frame shift mutation was shown in the picture on number 22?

Deletion

Substitution

Insertion

Circle the mutation.

What type of mutation is shown in question 24?

Deletion

Substitution

Insertion

Match the following mutation to its definition.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Missense		A mutation that causes the reading frame to shift, altering the sequence.
Frameshift		Premature termination of protein synthesis due to a stop codon.
Nonsense		A mutation that changes one amino acid to another.

What is a codon?

An amino acid

A sequence of three bases

A type of mRNA

A protein

What is the role of a codon in protein synthesis?

To make mRNA

To form a protein

To build DNA

To specify a single amino acid

Where does translation occur in the cell?

At the ribosome in the cytoplasm

In the nucleus

In the mitochondria

In the cell membrane

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CAG.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to GAA.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to UUU.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to UAC.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CGU.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CCA.

Write the CODON that corresponds with each amino acid. There may be more than one (any one code is all you need to type in. The full names are written, but the codon chart only shows the first three letters. 

Proline

Valine

Histidine

Glycine

Phenylalanine

Arginine

There are three codons that signal the end of synthesis, these are called STOP codons.
What are the three stop codons?

RNA SEQUENCE (put 1 space between each codon in all capital letters)

Amino Acid Sequence (type out with a space after each three letters).

What type of frame shift mutation was shown in the picture on number 22?

Deletion

Substitution

Insertion

What type of mutation is shown in question 24?

Deletion

Substitution

Insertion

Match the following mutation to its definition.

Missense

A mutation that causes the reading frame to shift, altering the sequence.

Frameshift

Premature termination of protein synthesis due to a stop codon.

Nonsense

A mutation that changes one amino acid to another.

There are three codons that signal the end of synthesis, these are called STOP codons.
What are the three stop codons?

UAA

UGA

UAG

UUC

AUG

Protein Synthesis Practice Worksheet

Protein Synthesis Practice Worksheet

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CCC.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to AGU.

A single codon is used to signal the beginning of protein synthesis. It is commonly called the START CODON.Locate the start codon on the chart. What are the three bases of this codon?

Circle the mutation.

Circle the mutation.

What is a codon?

What is the role of a codon in protein synthesis?

Where does translation occur in the cell?

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CCC.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CAG.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to GAA.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to UUU.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to AGU.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to UAC.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CGU.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CCA.

Proline

Valine

Histidine

Glycine

Phenylalanine

Arginine

A single codon is used to signal the beginning of protein synthesis. It is commonly called the START CODON.Locate the start codon on the chart. What are the three bases of this codon?

RNA SEQUENCE (put 1 space between each codon in all capital letters)

Amino Acid Sequence (type out with a space after each three letters).

Circle the mutation.

What type of frame shift mutation was shown in the picture on number 22?

Circle the mutation.

What type of mutation is shown in question 24?

Match the following mutation to its definition.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CAG.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to GAA.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to UUU.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to UAC.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CGU.

Use the codon chart to write the amino acid that corresponds to CCA.

Proline

Valine

Histidine

Glycine

Phenylalanine

Arginine

There are three codons that signal the end of synthesis, these are called STOP codons.What are the three stop codons?

RNA SEQUENCE (put 1 space between each codon in all capital letters)

Amino Acid Sequence (type out with a space after each three letters).

A single codon is used to signal the beginning of protein synthesis. It is commonly called the START CODON.
Locate the start codon on the chart. What are the three bases of this codon?

A single codon is used to signal the beginning of protein synthesis. It is commonly called the START CODON.
Locate the start codon on the chart. What are the three bases of this codon?

There are three codons that signal the end of synthesis, these are called STOP codons.
What are the three stop codons?