How do organisms obtain energy?

Last updated 12 months ago

8 questions

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How do organisms obtain energy?

Last updated 12 months ago

8 questions

Transformation of Energy
Many chemical reactions and processes in your cells are ongoing, even when it seems like you aren't using any energy. Macromolecules are assembled and broken down, substances are transported across cell membranes, and genetic instructions are transmitted. All of these cellular activities require energy (the ability to do work). 
Thermodynamics: The study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe. 
There are 2 laws that define thermodynamics.
1st:The Law of Conservation of Energy --> states that energy can be converted from one from to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. 
2nd: Law of Entropy --> states that energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy. 

Autotrophs & Heterotrophs
All organisms need energy to live. Directly or indirectly, nearly all the energy for life comes from the sun. Some organisms make their own food, while others must obtain it from other organisms. Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. Some autotrophs, called chemoautotrophs, use inorganic substances such as hydrogen sulfide as a source of energy. Other autotrophs, such as plants, convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy. Autotrophs that convert energy from the sun are called photoautotrophs.
Heterotrophs such as aphids and ladybugs, are organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy. Plants are the main source of food for aphids, while aphids are the main source of food for ladybugs. 

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The _______ is a major source of energy for living organisms. 

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Draggable item		Corresponding Item

Metabolism
All of the chemical reactions in a cell are referred to as the cell's metabolism. A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction--> this is called a metabolic pathway. 
Metabolic pathways include 2 broad types: catabolic pathways & anabolic pathways. The relationship of anabolic and catabolic pathways results in the continual flow of energy within an organism. 
Photosynthesis is the anabolic pathway in which light energy from the sun in converted to chemical energy for use by the cell. Cellular respiration is the catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by a cell.

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Transformation of Energy
Many chemical reactions and processes in your cells are ongoing, even when it seems like you aren't using any energy. Macromolecules are assembled and broken down, substances are transported across cell membranes, and genetic instructions are transmitted. All of these cellular activities require energy (the ability to do work). 
Thermodynamics: The study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe. 
There are 2 laws that define thermodynamics.
1st:The Law of Conservation of Energy --> states that energy can be converted from one from to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. 
2nd: Law of Entropy --> states that energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy. 

Autotrophs & Heterotrophs
All organisms need energy to live. Directly or indirectly, nearly all the energy for life comes from the sun. Some organisms make their own food, while others must obtain it from other organisms. Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. Some autotrophs, called chemoautotrophs, use inorganic substances such as hydrogen sulfide as a source of energy. Other autotrophs, such as plants, convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy. Autotrophs that convert energy from the sun are called photoautotrophs.
Heterotrophs such as aphids and ladybugs, are organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy. Plants are the main source of food for aphids, while aphids are the main source of food for ladybugs. 

Which option describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy.

Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. 

The energy of a system approaches a constant value at the temperature approaches absolute zero. 

Energy cannot be converted from one form to another without a net gain of usable energy. 

What describes the second law of thermodynamics?

Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. 

The energy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero. 

Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy.

Energy cannot be converted from one form to another without a net gain of usable energy. 

The _______ is a major source of energy for living organisms. 

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
2nd Law of Thermodynamics		study of the flow & transformation of energy in the universe
Heterotrophs		Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed
Autotrophs		Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy
1st Law of Thermodynamics		Organisms that make their own food
Thermodynamics		Organisms that need to ingest food to

Metabolism
All of the chemical reactions in a cell are referred to as the cell's metabolism. A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction--> this is called a metabolic pathway. 
Metabolic pathways include 2 broad types: catabolic pathways & anabolic pathways. The relationship of anabolic and catabolic pathways results in the continual flow of energy within an organism. 
Photosynthesis is the anabolic pathway in which light energy from the sun in converted to chemical energy for use by the cell. Cellular respiration is the catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by a cell.

Which of the following are characteristics of an anabolic pathway? Select all that apply.

Cellular respiration is an example

Energy is used to build larger molecules from smaller molecules 

Photosynthesis is an example

Energy is released by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules

It is used by autotrophs

It is used by autotrophs & heterotrophs

Which of the following are characteristics of a catabolic pathway? Select all that apply.

Cellular respiration is an example

It is used by heterotrophs

Energy is used to build larger molecules from smaller molecules 

Photosynthesis is an example

It is used by autotrophs

Energy is released by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules

Which of the following defines metabolic pathways?

a series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction

a series of chemical reactions in which mechanical energy converts into chemical energy

a series of chemical reactions in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy 

a series of chemical reactions in which light energy converts into chemical energy 

Categorize each item as an anabolic pathway or a catabolic pathway. NOTE: some descriptions may fit both pathways

used by autotrophs & heterotrophs
chemical reactions in a cell
metabolic pathway
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules
build-up of large molecules from smaller molecules
used by autotrophs

Catabolic Pathway
Anabolic Pathway

Which option describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy.

Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. 

The energy of a system approaches a constant value at the temperature approaches absolute zero. 

Energy cannot be converted from one form to another without a net gain of usable energy. 

What describes the second law of thermodynamics?

Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. 

The energy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero. 

Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy.

Energy cannot be converted from one form to another without a net gain of usable energy. 

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

study of the flow & transformation of energy in the universe

Heterotrophs

Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed

Autotrophs

Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy 

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Organisms that make their own food

Thermodynamics

Organisms that need to ingest food to 

Which of the following are characteristics of an anabolic pathway? Select all that apply. 

Cellular respiration is an example

Energy is used to build larger molecules from smaller molecules 

Photosynthesis is an example

Energy is released by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules

It is used by autotrophs

It is used by autotrophs & heterotrophs

Which of the following are characteristics of a catabolic pathway? Select all that apply. 

Cellular respiration is an example

It is used by heterotrophs

Energy is used to build larger molecules from smaller molecules 

Photosynthesis is an example

It is used by autotrophs

Energy is released by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules

Which of the following defines metabolic pathways? 

a series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction

a series of chemical reactions in which mechanical energy converts into chemical energy

a series of chemical reactions in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy 

a series of chemical reactions in which light energy converts into chemical energy 

Categorize each item as an anabolic pathway or a catabolic pathway. **NOTE: some descriptions may fit both pathways**

used by autotrophs & heterotrophs 

chemical reactions in a cell

metabolic pathway

Cellular Respiration 

Photosynthesis

breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules 

build-up of large molecules from smaller molecules 

used by autotrophs

Catabolic Pathway

Anabolic Pathway