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Week 20 Y12 Explore 3 Reactions of Halogenoalkanes

Last updated almost 2 years ago

10 questions

Instructions

Answer the questions - If you need a hint, some questions have links to help :)

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Question 1

1.

Explain the use of the terms ‘nucleophile’, ‘substitution’ and ‘hydrolysis’ to describe the reaction of halogenoalkanes with water

Question 2

2.

•2) Chloromethane is heated with:
•(a) ammonia
•(b) potassium cyanide dissolved in ethanol
•Give the name of the organic product formed in each case

Question 3

3.

•3) 2-chlorobutane is heated with:
•(a) aqueous potassium hydroxide
•(b) ethanolic potassium hydroxide
•State the mechanism of each reaction and explain why there are two different organic products in reaction (b)

Question 4

4.

Suggest why the polymer, PTFE, is unaffected by prolonged exposure to boiling water or hot alkali

Question 5

5.

a) Write an equation for the formation of butanenitrile in a reaction using potassium cyanide
•b) Name the organic starting material and state the conditions needed
•c) Aqueous solutions of potassium cyanide are alkaline; name another product in the reaction to form butanenitrile if aqueous conditions are used

Question 6

6.

Draw the mechanism for the reaction of ammonia with 2-bromobutane and describe the role of the ammonia molecule in the first (nucleophile) and second steps (base

Question 7

7.

Write an overall equation for the reaction of excess ammonia with bromoethane

Question 8

8.

What is the structure of the organic product when ethylamine reacts with bromoethane?
•Can this product also react with bromoethane?

Question 9

9.

Outline mechanisms to show how both but-1-ene and but-2-ene can be formed when 2-bromobutane reacts with a hot solution of potassium hydroxide in ethanol

Question 10

10.

Consider the mechanisms for the competing substitution and elimination reactions of halogenoalkanes with hydroxide ions and suggest why elimination is favoured at high temperatures