Pupil dilation, increased HR, and increased BP are controlled by which system
T/F The sympathetic nervous system releases norepinephrine, epinephrine and acetylcholine
_ is the position in which the arms are flexed, fists clenched, and legs are extended
_ is extremely stiff extremities with flexed hands and feet
_ is drowsy or sleepy at inappropriate times but can be aroused.
_ is aroused by only vigorous/repeated physical visual or auditory stimuli
_is unresponsive except to superficial/mildly painful stimuli that causes a motor response
What is the normal pressure for CSF
_ is injected into the spinal canal and used to demonstrate abnormalities
T/F: EEGs record electrical impulses generated by the brain
What is the normal range for ICP
What are the early signs of increased ICP?
What is Cushing Triad
What IV solutions are to be avoided for a patient with increased ICP
S/S: headache, fever, photophobia, opisthotonos, Brudzinski sign, Kernig sign, irritability, vomiting, red rash on body
S/S: sudden fever, severe headache, stiff neck, vomiting, drowsiness
T/F: Antipyretics, anticonvulsants, analgesics, and anti-inflammatory drugs treat encephalitis.
Which direction does muscle weakness moves in a patient with Gullian Barre
S/S: increased ICP, fever headache, muscle weakness, ;lethargy
Severe weakness, drooping eyelids, dysphagia, voice weakness
A muscle wasting disorder that has no known cause
Painful condition that affects 5th nerve and is characterized by sudden severe burning and face twitching
Dilantin, Tegretol, and opioids are used to treat
What disorder develops within 1-2 days, affects the 7th cranial nerve, characterized by face pain and numbness, diminished blink reflex, ptosis of eyelid and is treated with steroids
T/F: Parkinsons results from dopamine deficiency and manifests as stiffness, hand tremors, stooped posture, shuffling gait, and difficulty swallowing and talking.
What drugs are given to patients with Parkinsons
Hereditary disease with mental apathy and choreiform movements, intellectual decline, incontinence, and severe depression that is treated with tranquilizers and antiparkinson meds:
This seizure is characterized by brief LOC, blank stare, and they go unnoticed
Sudden excessive jerking of extremities with patient falling to the ground
A seizure that has a preictal phase, aura, postictal phase and characteristics of frothing at the mouth, clenched jaw, and usually lasts for 1 minute or more.
Elevated keppra levels:
Fluctuations in reproductive hormones, food chemicals, food allergies, emotional stress, alcohol, caffeine, or drugs causes:
Headache with s/s of pressure, steady constriction on sides of head:
Headache manifested by throbbing or bursting pain, vertigo, sensitive to light, irritability, and fatigue.
One sided head pain with nasal congestion/discomfort, rhinorrhea, and tearing/redness of the eye. Very severe pain.
How long can the brain go without oxygen before cell death occurs?
Sudden severe headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and rapid LOC
Cerebral hematoma that's caused by arterial bleeding between the dura and skull with LOC, pupil changes, hemiparesis
Cerebral hematoma caused by venous bleeding between the dura and subarachnoid space with deteriorating LOC
Pt exhibits hypotension, rapid weak pulse, shallow respirations, LOC and pale clammy skin with antegrade amnesia
Bleeding inside the brain with s/s of increased ICP: hyperthermia, seizure, headache, and irregular breathing
Where is the mitral valve located
This type of cardiomyopathy is caused by myocarditis, an autoimmune response, alcohol abuse
S/S: Dyspnea on exertion and laying down, fatigue, leg swelling, palpitations, and chest pain
S/S: ascites, leg edema, exertional dyspnea, hepatomegaly
This condition is treated with pacemaker insertion, alcohol ablation, or ventriculomyotomy
This angina is treated with IV nitroglycerin
This angina is treated with rest and sublingual nitrates
This angina is caused by arterial spasms and is treated with nitrates
Onset Confusion, headache, visual disturbances, seizures, and coma
S/S: Confused, elevated body temp, tachycardia, irritable, weakness, anorexia, nausea and vomiting
S/S: dry, sticky mucous membranes, decreased urine output, elevated body temp, lethargy
S/S: weakness, anorexia, leg cramps, irregular heart rate
S/S: diarrhea, nausea, weakness, ventricular tachycardia
S/S: tingling around mouth and in extremities, abdominal cramps, +Chvostek and Trousseau sign, altered mental status, seizures, tetany, hx of hypoparathyroidism or acute pancreatitis
S/S: constipation, deep bone pain, altered mental status, thirst, anorexia
S/S: +Chvostek and Trousseau signs, leg and foot cramps, HTN, altered mental status, irritable, dysphagia, tachycardia, alcohol abuse, gastric suction, or high intake of calcium
S/S: flushed, warm skin, hypotension, lethargy, drowsy, bradycardia, weakness, decreased respirations, coma, hx of Addison's disease or hyperparathyroidism
S/S: pH above 7.45, bicarb greater than 26, CO2 normal, may be caused by hypokalemia, hyperaldosteronism, or gastric suctioning
Which finding best represents metabolic acidosis