Global Climate Change REDemption

Polar regions are warming more quickly than other regions because warming decreases the coverage of high-albedo ground cover like ice and snow.

Polar regions are warming more slowly than other regions because atmospheric circulation wind patterns trap cold air at the poles.

Polar regions are warming more slowly than other regions because the ice and snow keep the air cool.

Polar regions are warming more quickly than other regions because more carbon dioxide can dissolve in colder water.

1.6 times greater

2.3 times greater

250 times greater

400 times greater

CO₂ concentrations and Antarctic temperatures have cycled approximately every 50,000 years, and present-day values for both variables are the highest they have been in 800,000 years.

CO₂ concentrations and Antarctic temperatures have steadily decreased from 800,000 years ago, and present-day values for both variables are the lowest they have been in 800,000 years.

CO₂ concentrations and Antarctic temperatures have steadily increased from 800,000 years ago, and the present-day value for CO₂ concentration is the lowest it has been in 800,000 years.

CO₂ concentrations and Antarctic temperatures have cycled approximately every 50,000 years, and the present-day value for CO₂ concentration is the highest it has been in 800,000 years.

6CO₂+6H₂O →C₆H₁₂O₂+6O₂

CH₄+2O₂→CO₂+2H₂O

CO₂+Ca⁺+CO₃²⁻→CaCO₃

CO₂+H₂O→2H⁺+CO₃²⁻

Install catalytic converters on cars and trucks

Switch from coal-burning power plants to nuclear power plants for electricity generation

Use biomass for heating homes and for cooking

Rotate crops planted in agricultural fields each year

Increased sea level would reduce the size of the habitat patches.

Decreased precipitation would eliminate habitat patches.

Decreased temperatures would cause unsuitable abiotic conditions.

Increased carbon dioxide availability spurs plant growth, which would increase habitat size.

Decrease in the number of specialist species

Increase in genetic diversity of native species

Decrease in the abundance of invasive species

Increase in territory size of large mammals

The increased edge-to-interior ratio resulted in habitat fragmentation and the formation of smaller, more manageable parcels of land.

Habitat corridors were built to allow individuals between populations to mate, which helped to prevent inbreeding and reduce the genetic diversity often found in isolated populations.

Roads and electric power lines subdivided the landscape into smaller pieces and decreased the amount of available habitat.

Native species were replanted in the areas, which led to fewer niches.

All scenarios experienced habitat loss, but only Scenario 3 experienced habitat fragmentation.

All scenarios experienced habitat fragmentation, but only Scenario 2 experienced habitat loss.

Scenario 1 experienced habitat fragmentation, while Scenarios 2 and 3 experienced habitat loss only.

Scenarios 1 and 2 experienced habitat loss, while Scenarios 3 experienced habitat fragmentation only.

The spotted lanternfly is a K-selected and invasive species.

The spotted lanternfly is a K-selected and endangered species.

The spotted lanternfly is anrr-selected and endangered species.

The spotted lanternfly is an r-selected and invasive species.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Nitrogen oxides (NO_x)

Nitrates (NO₃⁻)

The ban on CFCs in aerosols in the United States was not effective on a global scale because it led to an increase in reports of skin cancer and cataracts in patients in the Southern Hemisphere from 1970 to 2000.

The ban on CFCs also led to a decrease in HCFC production beginning in 1980, reducing the reliance on chlorinated chemicals used in industrial processes and greatly reducing stratospheric ozone depletion.

The ban on CFCs led to a decrease of CFC-11 and CFC-12 production by more than 15% between 1978 and 1980, which supports the ban as an effective solution to reduce global CFC production.

The ban on CFCs in aerosols led to an increase in CFC-113 production for use in refrigerants and air conditioners in the United States, which led to a 10% overall increase in global CFC production between 1970 and 1980.

The Montreal Protocol led to a dramatic reduction in CFC production globally after 1987, which greatly reduced the concentration of chlorinated hydrocarbons present in the stratosphere and decreased the breakdown of stratospheric ozone. Based on the graph, the annual production of CFCs decreased significantly in the late 1980s to almost 0 tons by 2000.

The Montreal Protocol reduced stratospheric ozone depletion by increasing the reliance on CFCs in industrial processes. Based on the graph, the increase in global CFC production from 1960 to 1970 demonstrates the success of the protocol by substituting ozone-depleting substances with CFCs.

The Montreal Protocol monitored the production and sale of CFCs and HCFCs in the late 1990s to decrease tropospheric ozone pollution and photochemical smog. Based on the graph, CFCs and HCFCs leveled off at 100,000 tons produced in 2000.

The Montreal Protocol was passed in 1970 to increase the production of HCFCs, which led to decreased reliance on CFCs. Based on the graph, HCFC-22 production increased steadily from 1980 to 1990 and HCFC-141b increased from 1990 to 2000.

Mesosphere

Thermosphere

Troposphere

Stratosphere

Mining of coal

Heating of homes and factories

Generation of electricity

Disposal of refrigerators and air conditioners