Cell Cycle/Mitosis & Cancer Practice/Review

Last updated about 2 months ago

37 questions

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Library

Cell Cycle/Mitosis & Cancer Practice/Review

Last updated about 2 months ago

37 questions

Required

6

Other Answer Choices:

doubled mom chromosome

doubled dad chromosome

"big" doubled homologous chromosome

mom chromosome

dad chromosome

"small" doubled homologous chromosome

Required

7

Other Answer Choices:

G0 - cell doing "job", but not dividing

Cytokinesis - dividing the cell parts and splitting the cell into 2 daughter cells

M phase - mitosis AND cytokinesis

G2 - Gap 2 - cell is preparing for cell division

Mitosis - moving and separating chromosomes

S - DNA synthesis - cell is copying its DNA

G1 - Gap 1 - cell is growing

Required

4

Identify the 4 checkpoints of the cell cycle

Other Answer Choices:

S Check Point - is all the DNA duplicated?

G1 Check Point - leave cell cycle to "do job" or commit to divide?

G2 Check Point - is DNA all duplicate correctly and no damage?

M Check Point - are all chromosomes lined up correctly at metaphase?

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4

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1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

Question 13

00:05

Question 14

00:12

Question 15

00:16

Question 16

00:17

Question 17

00:19

Question 18

00:20

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2

Question 20

00:06

Question 21

00:13

Question 22

00:23

Question 23

00:32

Question 24

00:35

Question 25

00:38

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1

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5

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

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1

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1

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1

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3

Explain how cancer cells "get" superpowers?

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3

Explain what happened in our Cancer Cell Survival Challenge... What happened to MOST or ALL of the cancer cells? WHY?

Required

3

Explain what happened in our Cancer Cell Survival Challenge... What DID allow (or would have allowed) one or more cancer cells to survive? WHY?

Required

3

If a cancer cell acquired several "superpowers" from mutations that created oncogenes and mutations that "broke" tumor suppressor genes, what could happen to the 4 checkpoints of the cell cycle? Explain.

Required

9

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

Required

3

Briefly explain how T cell immunotherapy work using the video we watched (Immunotherapy for Cancer: What It Is and Why It’s Used) and using the diagram embedded here.

Other Answer Choices:

doubled mom chromosome

doubled dad chromosome

"big" doubled homologous chromosome

mom chromosome

dad chromosome

"small" doubled homologous chromosome

Other Answer Choices:

G0 - cell doing "job", but not dividing

Cytokinesis - dividing the cell parts and splitting the cell into 2 daughter cells

M phase - mitosis AND cytokinesis

G2 - Gap 2 - cell is preparing for cell division

Mitosis - moving and separating chromosomes

S - DNA synthesis - cell is copying its DNA

G1 - Gap 1 - cell is growing

Identify the 4 checkpoints of the cell cycle

Other Answer Choices:

S Check Point - is all the DNA duplicated?

G1 Check Point - leave cell cycle to "do job" or commit to divide?

G2 Check Point - is DNA all duplicate correctly and no damage?

M Check Point - are all chromosomes lined up correctly at metaphase?

What stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

What stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

What other event that is part of cell division (not mitosis) is seen in this image?

mitosis

cytokinesis

prophase

checkpoints

What stage of the cell cycle COULD this cell be in?

Why do you know this cell is NOT in M phase (mitosis/cytokinesis)?

The chromosomes are visible

The chromosomes are not visible - instead chromatin is seen (less coiled DNA)

What stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Put these images in order from first to last

Match the description of the stage of mitosis with the picture of the stage

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
plant cell - metaphase - chromosomes line up at center line.
plant cell - prophase - begin to see chromosomes coiling up from chromatin
plant cell - telophase & cytokinesis - chromosomes reach opposite ends of cell & begin to go back to chromatin. Cell wall begins to form between 2 daughter cells
plant cell - anaphase - chromosomes pulled apart to opposite poles of cell

What is the final outcome of the M phase?

2 daughters cells that have similar DNA

1 cell that is different from the original cell

2 daughters cells that have identical DNA

2 daughters cells that (if human) have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

2 daughters cells that (if human) have 23 pairs of doubled homologous chromosomes

What is the role of the 4 checkpoints in the cell cycle?

checkpoints are points where "resting" cells in G0 are brought back into the cell cycle so they can divide

checkpoints are when the cell increases activity to move into the next stage of the cell cycle

checkpoints are used as instructions for the cell to go into "programmed cell death" or apoptosis

checkpoints are "pauses" in cell division where the cell determines if conditions (both inside and outside) of the cell are appropriate to continue cell division

Match the superpower with the definition

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
PROMOTING MUTATIONS		Superpower of Cancer - cancer cells break free from original tumor and travel through the body to create new tumors in different areas of the body
INVADING TISSUES		Superpower of Cancer - that allows cells to divide more quickly than normal cells
PROCESSING NUTRIENTS		Superpower of Cancer - where cell is able to keep the tips of its chromosomes (telomeres) LONG so that cell can continue to divide FOREVER
AVOIDING DETECTION		Superpower of Cancer - where because cells have acquired some mutations become unstable which then lead to even more mutations (and more superpowers)
EVADING DEATH		Superpower of Cancer - where cells are able to create and send signals for blood vessels to grow into the tumor so tumor can continue to grow
BECOMING IMMORTAL		Superpower of Cancer - Cancer cells must avoid detection by the B cells and T cells of the immune system. These cells destroy emerging pre-cancerous cells are normally eliminated by the immune response.
GROWING UNCONTROLLABLY		SUPERPOWER OF CANCER - Cancers cells do not undergo apoptosis (commit PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH) EVEN when they are damaged.

What is the job of a "normal" proto-oncogene (not the mutated oncogene)?

to cause the cell to become a cancer cell

it  moves the cells through checkpoints of cell division so the cell can divide (normal "acceleration")

it slows down the cell moving through the checkpoints or stops cell division

it is like when the accelerator on a car is stuck to the floor and the car accelerates in a dangerous way

What is the job of a "normal" tumor suppressor gene (not a mutated tumor suppressor gene)?

to cause the cell to become a cancer cell

it  moves the cells through checkpoints of cell division so the cell can divide (normal "acceleration")

it slows down the cell moving through the checkpoints or stops cell division

it is like when the accelerator on a car is stuck to the floor and the car accelerates in a dangerous way

Which description(s) of how mutations in genes cause cancer is/are correct?

tumor suppressor genes mutate which is like losing the brakes in your car

Proto-oncogenes mutate to become oncogenes which act to push the cell through cell division (like getting accelerator stuck to the floor of the car)

Cancer is not caused by DNA mutations

Most cancers need 5-7 DNA mutations to develop

Mutations to create oncogenes or break tumor suppressor genes give the cancer cell superpowers (hallmarks)

Unfortunately most risk factors for cancer are not in an individual's control therefore there is not much any one person can do to lower their risk for cancer

True

False

Explain how cancer cells "get" superpowers?

Explain what happened in our Cancer Cell Survival Challenge... What happened to MOST or ALL of the cancer cells? WHY?

Explain what happened in our Cancer Cell Survival Challenge... What DID allow (or would have allowed) one or more cancer cells to survive? WHY?

If a cancer cell acquired several "superpowers" from mutations that created oncogenes and mutations that "broke" tumor suppressor genes, what could happen to the 4 checkpoints of the cell cycle? Explain.

Match the cancer treatment with its description (use the links as needed to help)

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Immunotherapy		A testing method that helps doctors analyze your cancer and choose the most effective treatment plan based on specific features of your cancer cells.
Hormone Therapy		This type of treatment works by using powerful medicines to kill fast-growing cells in the body, including cancer cells.
Radiation Therapy		This treatment works by stopping or slowing down cancers that depend on certain hormones to grow, particularly in breast and prostate cancers.
Cancer Surgery		This treatment uses your body's own natural defenses to help fight cancer cells. It works by boosting your immune system's ability to attack cancer.
Chemotherapy		This treatment uses special drugs that become activated when exposed to light, destroying cancer cells and other abnormal cells in the body.
Blood Stem Cell Transplant		This type of therapy uses high-energy waves or particles to destroy or damage cancer cells, making tumors smaller.
Biomarker Testing for Cancer Treatment		This procedure involves removing blood-forming stem cells, storing them, and returning them to the body after high-dose cancer treatments have been completed.
Targeted Therapy		Procedure where a surgeon identifies and cuts out/removes a tumor(s) from the patient's body
Photodynamic Therapy		This treatment specifically blocks cancer growth by targeting particular changes in cancer cells that help them grow and spread.

Briefly explain how T cell immunotherapy work using the video we watched (Immunotherapy for Cancer: What It Is and Why It’s Used) and using the diagram embedded here.

What stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

What stage of mitosis is this cell in?
 

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

What other event that is part of cell division (not mitosis) is seen in this image?
 

mitosis

cytokinesis

prophase

checkpoints

What stage of the cell cycle COULD this cell be in?
 

G1

S

G2

mitosis

cytokinesis

Why do you know this cell is NOT in M phase (mitosis/cytokinesis)?
 

The chromosomes are visible

The chromosomes are not visible - instead chromatin is seen (less coiled DNA)

What stage of mitosis is this cell in?
 

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

What stage of mitosis is this cell in?
 

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Put these images in order from first to last

Match the description of the stage of mitosis with the picture of the stage

plant cell - metaphase - chromosomes line up at center line.

plant cell - prophase - begin to see chromosomes coiling up from chromatin

plant cell - telophase & cytokinesis - chromosomes reach opposite ends of cell & begin to go back to chromatin.  Cell wall begins to form between 2 daughter cells

plant cell - anaphase - chromosomes pulled apart to opposite poles of cell

What stage is the cell in here?

What stage of mitosis is seen now?

What stage of mitosis is seen here?

prophase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

What stage of the M phase is happening here that allows the cell to split into 2 daughter cells?

What is the final outcome of the M phase?

2 daughters cells that have similar DNA

1 cell that is different from the original cell

2 daughters cells that have identical DNA

2 daughters cells that (if human) have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

2 daughters cells that (if human) have 23 pairs of doubled homologous chromosomes

The long stringy stuff in the center of the cell is __________

What stage of mitosis would this be?__________

What stage of mitosis would this be?__________

What stage of mitosis would this be?

What part of M phase is seen here?

mitosis

cytokinesis

C

D

What is the role of the 4 checkpoints in the cell cycle?

checkpoints are points where "resting" cells in G0 are brought back into the cell cycle so they can divide

checkpoints are when the cell increases activity to move into the next stage of the cell cycle

checkpoints are used as instructions for the cell to go into "programmed cell death" or apoptosis

checkpoints are "pauses" in cell division where the cell determines if conditions (both inside and outside) of the cell are appropriate to continue cell division

Match the superpower with the definition

PROMOTING MUTATIONS

Superpower of Cancer - cancer cells break free from original tumor and travel through the body to create new tumors in different areas of the body

INVADING TISSUES

Superpower of Cancer - that allows cells to divide more quickly than normal cells

PROCESSING NUTRIENTS

Superpower of Cancer - where cell is able to keep the tips of its chromosomes (telomeres) LONG so that cell can continue to divide FOREVER

AVOIDING DETECTION

Superpower of Cancer - where because cells have acquired some mutations become unstable which then lead to even more mutations (and more superpowers)

EVADING DEATH

Superpower of Cancer - where cells are able to create and send signals for blood vessels to grow into the tumor so tumor can continue to grow

BECOMING IMMORTAL

Superpower of Cancer - Cancer cells must avoid detection by the B cells and T cells of the immune system.  These cells destroy emerging pre-cancerous cells are normally eliminated by the immune response.

GROWING UNCONTROLLABLY

SUPERPOWER OF CANCER - Cancers cells do not undergo apoptosis (commit PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH) EVEN when they are damaged.

What is the job of a "normal" proto-oncogene (not the mutated oncogene)?

to cause the cell to become a cancer cell

it  moves the cells through checkpoints of cell division so the cell can divide (normal "acceleration")

it slows down the cell moving through the checkpoints or stops cell division

it is like when the accelerator on a car is stuck to the floor and the car accelerates in a dangerous way

What is the job of a "normal" tumor suppressor gene (not a mutated tumor suppressor gene)?

to cause the cell to become a cancer cell

it  moves the cells through checkpoints of cell division so the cell can divide (normal "acceleration")

it slows down the cell moving through the checkpoints or stops cell division

it is like when the accelerator on a car is stuck to the floor and the car accelerates in a dangerous way

Which description(s) of how mutations in genes cause cancer is/are correct?

tumor suppressor genes mutate which is like losing the brakes in your car

Proto-oncogenes mutate to become oncogenes which act to push the cell through cell division (like getting accelerator stuck to the floor of the car)

Cancer is not caused by DNA mutations

Most cancers need 5-7 DNA mutations to develop

Mutations to create oncogenes or break tumor suppressor genes give the cancer cell superpowers (hallmarks)

Unfortunately most risk factors for cancer are not in an individual's control therefore there is not much any one person can do to lower their risk for cancer

True

False

Match the cancer treatment with its description (use the links as needed to help)

Immunotherapy

A testing method that helps doctors analyze your cancer and choose the most effective treatment plan based on specific features of your cancer cells.

Hormone Therapy

This type of treatment works by using powerful medicines to kill fast-growing cells in the body, including cancer cells.

Radiation Therapy

This treatment works by stopping or slowing down cancers that depend on certain hormones to grow, particularly in breast and prostate cancers.

Cancer Surgery

This treatment uses your body's own natural defenses to help fight cancer cells. It works by boosting your immune system's ability to attack cancer.

Chemotherapy

This treatment uses special drugs that become activated when exposed to light, destroying cancer cells and other abnormal cells in the body.

Blood Stem Cell Transplant

This type of therapy uses high-energy waves or particles to destroy or damage cancer cells, making tumors smaller.

Biomarker Testing for Cancer Treatment

This procedure involves removing blood-forming stem cells, storing them, and returning them to the body after high-dose cancer treatments have been completed.

Targeted Therapy

Procedure where a surgeon identifies and cuts out/removes a tumor(s) from the patient's body

Photodynamic Therapy

This treatment specifically blocks cancer growth by targeting particular changes in cancer cells that help them grow and spread.

What stage is the cell in here?

G2

prophase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

cytokinesis

What stage of mitosis is seen now?

prophase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

cytokinesis

What stage of mitosis is seen here?

prophase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

cytokinesis

What stage of mitosis is seen here?

prophase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

cytokinesis

What stage of mitosis is seen here?

prophase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

What stage of the M phase is happening here that allows the cell to split into 2 daughter cells?

prophase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

cytokinesis

What stage of mitosis would this be?

prophase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

cytokinesis

What stage of mitosis would this be?

prohase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

cytokinesis

What part of M phase is seen here?

mitosis

cytokinesis

C

D