EOC.Unit_1.Domain Test

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EOC.Unit_1.Domain Test

Last updated about 2 years ago

25 questions

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Flooding can have a negative effect on certain food crops. Damage occurs because, in flooded soils, the oxygen concentration drops to near zero within 24 hours. This is because the water replaces most of the air in the soil. A lack of oxygen in the soil would interfere with the ability of root cells to carry out active transport primarily because active transport relies heavily on cellular energy in the form of __________  Oxygen is crucial for __________respiration, the process by which cells generate ATP efficiently. Without sufficient oxygen, root cells would resort to __________ respiration, which is less efficient in producing ATP. Whether or not the flooding occurs, plants need to take in water with their roots. __________is one specific process carried on by plants that requires relatively large amounts of water

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The image below is the translation process of Protein synthesis. This part of the process takes place in the organelle. Label the following letters correctly to receive credit.

Other Answer Choices:

mRNA

Amino Acid

Growing Amino acid chain

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The Kingdom Plantae encompasses a diverse group of __________, photosynthetic organisms that play fundamental roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Plants possess distinctive cellular structures, including cell walls composed of __________ and chloroplasts responsible for photosynthesis. Through the process of photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into __________ and oxygen, serving as primary producers and providing energy for themselves and other organisms. Plant reproduction can occur __________, with alternating generations between haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes. With remarkable adaptability, plants have evolved various features to thrive in diverse habitats, from lush rainforests to arid deserts. Their adaptations include specialized root systems, leaves for photosynthesis, and reproductive structures like flowers and fruits. Essential to ecosystems, plants contribute oxygen, food, and habitat, making them indispensable for life on Earth.

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The process of cell respiration takes place in the __________. The first stage of cell respiration is called __________. 

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Other Answer Choices:

Glucose and oxygen

Water and carbon dioxide

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Which cell organelle is responsible for helping the cell maintain homeostasis.

Nucleus

Cell membrane

Vacuole 

Mitochondria 

Flooding can have a negative effect on certain food crops. Damage occurs because, in flooded soils, the oxygen concentration drops to near zero within 24 hours. This is because the water replaces most of the air in the soil. A lack of oxygen in the soil would interfere with the ability of root cells to carry out active transport primarily because active transport relies heavily on cellular energy in the form of __________  Oxygen is crucial for __________respiration, the process by which cells generate ATP efficiently. Without sufficient oxygen, root cells would resort to __________ respiration, which is less efficient in producing ATP. Whether or not the flooding occurs, plants need to take in water with their roots. __________is one specific process carried on by plants that requires relatively large amounts of water

Approximately 44% of the world’s fish produced for human consumption comes from aquaculture, which is the farming of fish and other aquatic organisms. This practice has increased the food supply and has also allowed over-fished wild populations to increase. As a result of genetic modifications, farm-raised fish usually grow faster and are typically larger than those in the wild. However, there are some negative environmental effects associated with fish farming. Sea lice, a parasite of salmon, have spread quickly through some farms and have also been found in waters around the farms. Farm-raised fish sometimes escape through breaks in the sea cages. There is a concern that these escaped fish could negatively affect ocean ecosystems. Researchers are studying methods that can be used to reduce the possible negative effects of fish farming. Improvements in engineering could make the sea cages where the farmed fish are raised more secure. Another suggestion involves raising farmed fish that have extra chromosomes. This would prevent them from reproducing with wild fish that have the normal number of chromosomes. Identify concerns that individuals might have as the number of fish farms increase. Select all that apply.

All of the Above

Aquaculture operations, particularly salmon farming, are vulnerable to infestations by sea lice, which can spread quickly and negatively impact both farmed and wild fish populations.

Farmed fish escaping from sea cages pose a risk to wild populations by potentially competing with or interbreeding with native species, disrupting ecosystems and genetic integrity.

Genetic Modifications: Genetic modifications in farm-raised fish can lead to faster growth and larger sizes, enhancing efficiency in fish production.

The presence of fish farms in marine environments can lead to environmental degradation due to pollution from excess nutrients, antibiotics, and waste products, affecting water quality and biodiversity.

Monarch butterfly populations have fallen by 90% in less than 20 years. Monarchs west of the Rocky Mountains overwinter on the central coast of California. Their numbers have dropped from 1.2 million to only 200,000. East of the Rocky Mountains, monarchs overwinter in Mexico. In 2002, their numbers were down by about 500 million. One reason for the decrease in monarch numbers is the increased planting of corn, cotton, and soybeans that are genetically modified (GM) to be resistant to weed killers containing glyphosate. With the increased use of these GM plants, increased amounts of the weed killers are being sprayed on fields where these crops are grown. These weed killers do not kill monarchs and other insects. They kill only plants such as milkweed that do not contain the resistance gene. Mature adult monarch butterflies lay their eggs on milkweed plants. The larvae (caterpillars) eat only milkweed. Adults seek out flower nectar from a variety of plants. Stages of the monarch life cycle are represented below.

Select the best answer to how weed killers containing glyphosate is responsible for a decrease in the size of monarch populations, since monarchs do not feed on genetically modified corn or soybeans during any stage of their life cycle

Glyphosate disrupts the migration patterns of monarch butterflies, leading to population decline.

Glyphosate kills milkweed, the primary host plant for monarch caterpillars, leading to a decrease in available breeding habitat and food sources for monarchs.

Monarchs directly consume genetically modified corn or soybeans, leading to population decline.

Glyphosate directly harms monarch butterflies during their life cycle.

The image below is the translation process of Protein synthesis. This part of the process takes place in the organelle. Label the following letters correctly to receive credit.

Other Answer Choices:

mRNA

Amino Acid

Growing Amino acid chain

DNA sequencing is a specific process and follows a number steps that take place a the same time. Place the sequence in the correct order.

Two identical semiconservative DNA molecules are created
The DNA ligule glues Ozaki fragments together
DNA starts to unwind
The DNA polymerase build new nitrogen bases
DNA unzips

Florida residents have been experiencing the consequences of “red tides,” excessive growth of the algae Karenia brevis (K. brevis). This species of algae is a single-celled organism that releases brevetoxin, a dangerous nerve toxin that can be fatal to animals. Even though shellfish, which can eat K. brevis, are not affected by this algae, many fish and other marine organisms, such as dolphins and manatees, are paralyzed by the toxin. This toxin prevents the organisms from carrying out the process of cellular respiration. The red tides usually appear in late summer or early fall. Researchers are not sure what causes red tides. A variety of factors seem to be associated with their occurrence. These factors include warmer ocean temperatures, heavy rainfall, and pollution from fertilizers. The model below represents a typical food web present in Gulf Coast waters.

Identify one abiotic factor mentioned in the passage that could be causing the red tides in Florida

Decrease in food

Changes in salinity levels

Changes in wind patters

Warmer ocean temperatures

Poisonous South American cane toads were introduced into Australia in 1935 in an attempt to control a beetle that was eating sugar cane crops. However, the toads did not control the beetles and, instead, they caused an environmental disaster. Today, the toad population is estimated to be greater than 200 million. As the invasive toads spread westward across northern Australia, many native species were negatively affected. For example, in the years since the toads’ introduction, scientists have observed that the entire population of the northern quoll, a small squirrel-sized carnivore, has declined more than 75%. The decline is due to the fact that the quolls mistake the poisonous toads for something that they can safely eat. When they eat the toads, they die from the poison that the toads produce. The northern quolls may soon become extinct if something cannot be done to save them. Recently, some quolls were found to have a genetic trait that makes them uninterested in preying on the toads. Scientists have now discovered that these quolls with “toad-smart genes” can pass them on to their offspring. The scientists plan to release quolls that avoid eating the toads into native populations, hoping that they will breed and produce offspring that also avoid eating the toads, thus saving the species from extinction. Select the two best answers on how the northern quoll extinction would affect the other organisms in the ecosystems where they once lived.

The extinction of northern quolls would likely have no significant impact on other organisms in their ecosystems.

The absence of northern quolls could result in a decrease in competition for resources among other carnivorous species.

Without northern quolls, there may be disruptions in seed dispersal mechanisms and changes in plant distribution within ecosystems.

The extinction of northern quolls could lead to an increase in prey species populations and alterations in predator-prey dynamics.

According to the information in the chart, which finch species is best adapted to feed on insects that live under the bark of trees?

Large ground finch

small ground finch

warbler finch

cactus finch

The existing species of South American bats depend upon a wide variety of food sources, yet they have evolved from a single population of insect eating bats. The diagram below summarizes the feeding habits of some species of South American bats.

The adaptations shown by each species of bat will most likely cause the total number of bats to

decrease due to a decrease in pathogens

decrease due to increased breeding

increase due to a greater chance of mutation

increase due to decreased competition

Bed bugs aren’t just a problem from centuries past. Bed bug infestations have been increasing for more than a decade. This has been largely due to the insects’ ability to quickly develop resistance to the insecticides used to kill them. Bed bugs have a tough outer coat, called a cuticle, which helps protect them. Researchers have found that some resistant bed bugs have gene mutations that allow the cuticle to produce substances that break down the insecticides. Others have gene mutations that direct the building of biological pumps, which allow the cuticle to pump the harmful insecticide out of the bug.

The substances which allow the bed bugs to break down insecticides and the biological pumps which remove the insecticides from the bed bugs are examples of

the failure of homeostasis

genetic engineering

biological adaptations

selective breeding

A gene mutation resulting in insecticide resistance would most likely increase in the bed bug population because

more bed bugs will need to be resistant to the insecticide

the insecticide-resistant bed bugs will survive and reproduce

the bed bugs with the resistance gene will reproduce asexually

spraying an insecticide will allow more bed bugs without mutations to survive

The diagram represents three groups of red blood cells. Groups A and B were each placed in different solutions for the same period of time. Which image is representing the movement of water in and out of a cell. What type of passive transport is represented in images below?

Osmosis

Diffusion

Exocytosis

Facilitated diffusion

The diagram represents three groups of red blood cells. Groups A and B were each placed in different solutions for the same period of time.
A student placed artificial cells, each containing a 25% sugar solution, into three different beakers containing sugar solution which varied in concentration from 0% to 25%. The setups are shown below.

The student collected data on the mass of each artificial cell. Which cell would have the greatest change in mass after 24 hours.

Cell #2 in 15% sugar solution

Cell #3 in 25% sugar solution 

Cell #1 in 0% sugar solution

A cladogram of five species is shown.

Based on the cladogram, the ancestral species most likely had —

A vertebral column

the ability to purr

A vertebral column and hair

Sharp teeth and retractable claws

Students created note cards comparing characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Which set of note cards most accurately compares these cells?

The Kingdom Plantae encompasses a diverse group of __________, photosynthetic organisms that play fundamental roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Plants possess distinctive cellular structures, including cell walls composed of __________ and chloroplasts responsible for photosynthesis. Through the process of photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into __________ and oxygen, serving as primary producers and providing energy for themselves and other organisms. Plant reproduction can occur __________, with alternating generations between haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes. With remarkable adaptability, plants have evolved various features to thrive in diverse habitats, from lush rainforests to arid deserts. Their adaptations include specialized root systems, leaves for photosynthesis, and reproductive structures like flowers and fruits. Essential to ecosystems, plants contribute oxygen, food, and habitat, making them indispensable for life on Earth.

Which principle of Mendel's Law of Segregation states that during gamete formation, the two alleles for a hereditary trait segregate or separate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each trait?

The principle of Dominance 

The principle of Independent Assortment

The principle of Segregation

The principle of Genetic Variation 

Base your answers to questions 38 and 39 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a series of events that occur within living organisms.

Cell structure X is a....

Vacuole

Cell membrane

mitochondria 

Ribosome

The model below summarizes one pathway of energy transfer in an ocean ecosystem.

The type of organism represented by box X could be

algae

small fish

fungi

sea birds 

	DNA	Protein Synthesis
Nitrogen base Uracil
Uses amino acids
Made up of nucleotides
Double helix
single stranded
builds proteins
Takes place in the nucleus
Uses transcription & translation
Create a semiconservative model

The process of cell respiration takes place in the __________. The first stage of cell respiration is called __________. 

Other Answer Choices:

Glucose and oxygen

Water and carbon dioxide

Which principle of Mendelian genetics states that alleles for different genes segregate independently of one another during gamete formation, provided that the genes are located on different chromosomes or are far apart on the same chromosome?

Principle of Dominance

Principle of Segregation

Principle of Genetic Variation

Principle of Independent Assortment 

	Active transport	Passive transport	Both Active and Passive Transport
Requires Energy
Movement of materials in and out of a cell
No energy require
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion
High to low
Low to high
against the concertation gradient
with the concentration gradient

Which cell organelle is responsible for helping the cell maintain homeostasis.

Nucleus

Cell membrane

Vacuole 

Mitochondria 

Approximately 44% of the world’s fish produced for human consumption comes from aquaculture, which is the farming of fish and other aquatic organisms. This practice has increased the food supply and has also allowed over-fished wild populations to increase. As a result of genetic modifications, farm-raised fish usually grow faster and are typically larger than those in the wild. However, there are some negative environmental effects associated with fish farming. Sea lice, a parasite of salmon, have spread quickly through some farms and have also been found in waters around the farms. Farm-raised fish sometimes escape through breaks in the sea cages. There is a concern that these escaped fish could negatively affect ocean ecosystems. Researchers are studying methods that can be used to reduce the possible negative effects of fish farming. Improvements in engineering could make the sea cages where the farmed fish are raised more secure. Another suggestion involves raising farmed fish that have extra chromosomes. This would prevent them from reproducing with wild fish that have the normal number of chromosomes. Identify concerns that individuals might have as the number of fish farms increase. Select all that apply.

All of the Above

Aquaculture operations, particularly salmon farming, are vulnerable to infestations by sea lice, which can spread quickly and negatively impact both farmed and wild fish populations.

Farmed fish escaping from sea cages pose a risk to wild populations by potentially competing with or interbreeding with native species, disrupting ecosystems and genetic integrity.

Genetic Modifications: Genetic modifications in farm-raised fish can lead to faster growth and larger sizes, enhancing efficiency in fish production.

The presence of fish farms in marine environments can lead to environmental degradation due to pollution from excess nutrients, antibiotics, and waste products, affecting water quality and biodiversity.

Monarch butterfly populations have fallen by 90% in less than 20 years. Monarchs west of the Rocky Mountains overwinter on the central coast of California. Their numbers have dropped from 1.2 million to only 200,000. East of the Rocky Mountains, monarchs overwinter in Mexico. In 2002, their numbers were down by about 500 million. One reason for the decrease in monarch numbers is the increased planting of corn, cotton, and soybeans that are genetically modified (GM) to be resistant to weed killers containing glyphosate. With the increased use of these GM plants, increased amounts of the weed killers are being sprayed on fields where these crops are grown. These weed killers do not kill monarchs and other insects. They kill only plants such as milkweed that do not contain the resistance gene. Mature adult monarch butterflies lay their eggs on milkweed plants. The larvae (caterpillars) eat only milkweed. Adults seek out flower nectar from a variety of plants. Stages of the monarch life cycle are represented below.

Select the best answer to how weed killers containing glyphosate is responsible for a decrease in the size of monarch populations, since monarchs do not feed on genetically modified corn or soybeans during any stage of their life cycle

Glyphosate disrupts the migration patterns of monarch butterflies, leading to population decline.

Glyphosate kills milkweed, the primary host plant for monarch caterpillars, leading to a decrease in available breeding habitat and food sources for monarchs.

Monarchs directly consume genetically modified corn or soybeans, leading to population decline.

Glyphosate directly harms monarch butterflies during their life cycle.

DNA sequencing is a specific process and follows a number steps that take place a the same time. Place the sequence in the correct order. 

Two identical semiconservative DNA molecules are created 

The DNA ligule glues Ozaki fragments together 

DNA starts to unwind

The DNA polymerase build new nitrogen bases

DNA unzips

Florida residents have been experiencing the consequences of “red tides,” excessive growth of the algae Karenia brevis (K. brevis). This species of algae is a single-celled organism that releases brevetoxin, a dangerous nerve toxin that can be fatal to animals. Even though shellfish, which can eat K. brevis, are not affected by this algae, many fish and other marine organisms, such as dolphins and manatees, are paralyzed by the toxin. This toxin prevents the organisms from carrying out the process of cellular respiration. The red tides usually appear in late summer or early fall. Researchers are not sure what causes red tides. A variety of factors seem to be associated with their occurrence. These factors include warmer ocean temperatures, heavy rainfall, and pollution from fertilizers. The model below represents a typical food web present in Gulf Coast waters. 

Identify one abiotic factor mentioned in the passage that could be causing the red tides in Florida

Decrease in food

Changes in salinity levels

Changes in wind patters

Warmer ocean temperatures

Poisonous South American cane toads were introduced into Australia in 1935 in an attempt to control a beetle that was eating sugar cane crops. However, the toads did not control the beetles and, instead, they caused an environmental disaster. Today, the toad population is estimated to be greater than 200 million. As the invasive toads spread westward across northern Australia, many native species were negatively affected. For example, in the years since the toads’ introduction, scientists have observed that the entire population of the northern quoll, a small squirrel-sized carnivore, has declined more than 75%. The decline is due to the fact that the quolls mistake the poisonous toads for something that they can safely eat. When they eat the toads, they die from the poison that the toads produce. The northern quolls may soon become extinct if something cannot be done to save them. Recently, some quolls were found to have a genetic trait that makes them uninterested in preying on the toads. Scientists have now discovered that these quolls with “toad-smart genes” can pass them on to their offspring. The scientists plan to release quolls that avoid eating the toads into native populations, hoping that they will breed and produce offspring that also avoid eating the toads, thus saving the species from extinction. Select the two best answers on how the northern quoll extinction would affect the other organisms in the ecosystems where they once lived.

The extinction of northern quolls would likely have no significant impact on other organisms in their ecosystems.

The absence of northern quolls could result in a decrease in competition for resources among other carnivorous species.

Without northern quolls, there may be disruptions in seed dispersal mechanisms and changes in plant distribution within ecosystems.

The extinction of northern quolls could lead to an increase in prey species populations and alterations in predator-prey dynamics.

According to the information in the chart, which finch species is best adapted to feed on insects that live under the bark of trees?

Large ground finch

small ground finch

warbler finch

cactus finch

The existing species of South American bats depend upon a wide variety of food sources, yet they have evolved from a single population of insect eating bats. The diagram below summarizes the feeding habits of some species of South American bats.

The adaptations shown by each species of bat will most likely cause the total number of bats to

decrease due to a decrease in pathogens

decrease due to increased breeding

increase due to a greater chance of mutation

increase due to decreased competition

Bed bugs aren’t just a problem from centuries past. Bed bug infestations have been increasing for more than a decade. This has been largely due to the insects’ ability to quickly develop resistance to the insecticides used to kill them. Bed bugs have a tough outer coat, called a cuticle, which helps protect them. Researchers have found that some resistant bed bugs have gene mutations that allow the cuticle to produce substances that break down the insecticides. Others have gene mutations that direct the building of biological pumps, which allow the cuticle to pump the harmful insecticide out of the bug.

The substances which allow the bed bugs to break down insecticides and the biological pumps which remove the insecticides from the bed bugs are examples of

the failure of homeostasis

genetic engineering

biological adaptations

selective breeding

A gene mutation resulting in insecticide resistance would most likely increase in the bed bug population because

more bed bugs will need to be resistant to the insecticide

the insecticide-resistant bed bugs will survive and reproduce

the bed bugs with the resistance gene will reproduce asexually

spraying an insecticide will allow more bed bugs without mutations to survive

The diagram represents three groups of red blood cells. Groups A and B were each placed in different solutions for the same period of time. Which image is representing the movement of water in and out of a cell. What type of passive transport is represented in images below?

Osmosis

Diffusion

Exocytosis

Facilitated diffusion

The diagram represents three groups of red blood cells. Groups A and B were each placed in different solutions for the same period of time.
A student placed artificial cells, each containing a 25% sugar solution, into three different beakers containing sugar solution which varied in concentration from 0% to 25%. The setups are shown below.

The student collected data on the mass of each artificial cell. Which cell would have the greatest change in mass after 24 hours.

Cell #2 in 15% sugar solution

Cell #3 in 25% sugar solution 

Cell #1 in 0% sugar solution

A cladogram of five species is shown.

Based on the cladogram, the ancestral species most likely had —

A vertebral column

the ability to purr

A vertebral column and hair

Sharp teeth and retractable claws

Students created note cards comparing characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Which set of note cards most accurately compares these cells?

Which principle of Mendel's Law of Segregation states that during gamete formation, the two alleles for a hereditary trait segregate or separate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each trait?

The principle of Dominance 

The principle of Independent Assortment

The principle of Segregation

The principle of Genetic Variation 

Base your answers to questions 38 and 39 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a series of events that occur within living organisms.

Cell structure X is a....

Vacuole

Cell membrane

mitochondria 

Ribosome

The model below summarizes one pathway of energy transfer in an ocean ecosystem.

The type of organism represented by box X could be

algae

small fish

fungi

sea birds 

DNA

Protein Synthesis 

Nitrogen base Uracil 

Uses amino acids

Made up of nucleotides

Double helix

single stranded

builds proteins

Takes place in the nucleus

Uses transcription & translation

Create a semiconservative model

Which principle of Mendelian genetics states that alleles for different genes segregate independently of one another during gamete formation, provided that the genes are located on different chromosomes or are far apart on the same chromosome?

Principle of Dominance

Principle of Segregation

Principle of Genetic Variation

Principle of Independent Assortment 

Active transport

Passive transport

Both Active and Passive Transport

Requires Energy

Movement of materials in and out of a cell

No energy require

Endocytosis and exocytosis

Osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion 

High to low

Low to high

against the concertation gradient

with the concentration  gradient 

EOC.Unit_1.Domain Test

EOC.Unit_1.Domain Test

Which cell organelle is responsible for helping the cell maintain homeostasis.

DNA sequencing is a specific process and follows a number steps that take place a the same time. Place the sequence in the correct order.

According to the information in the chart, which finch species is best adapted to feed on insects that live under the bark of trees?

A gene mutation resulting in insecticide resistance would most likely increase in the bed bug population because

The diagram represents three groups of red blood cells. Groups A and B were each placed in different solutions for the same period of time. Which image is representing the movement of water in and out of a cell. What type of passive transport is represented in images below?

A cladogram of five species is shown.Based on the cladogram, the ancestral species most likely had —

Students created note cards comparing characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.Which set of note cards most accurately compares these cells?

Which principle of Mendel's Law of Segregation states that during gamete formation, the two alleles for a hereditary trait segregate or separate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each trait?

Base your answers to questions 38 and 39 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a series of events that occur within living organisms.Cell structure X is a....

The model below summarizes one pathway of energy transfer in an ocean ecosystem.The type of organism represented by box X could be

Which principle of Mendelian genetics states that alleles for different genes segregate independently of one another during gamete formation, provided that the genes are located on different chromosomes or are far apart on the same chromosome?

A cladogram of five species is shown.

Based on the cladogram, the ancestral species most likely had —

Students created note cards comparing characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Which set of note cards most accurately compares these cells?

Base your answers to questions 38 and 39 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a series of events that occur within living organisms.

Cell structure X is a....

The model below summarizes one pathway of energy transfer in an ocean ecosystem.

The type of organism represented by box X could be