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Unit 7.2 Evolution & Classification Test

Last updated over 1 year ago

20 questions

LT 7.1 Natural Selection

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7.3a

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7.3a

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7.3a

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7.3a

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7.3a

LT 7.2 Evidences of Evolution

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7.4c

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7.4c

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7.4c

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7.4c

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7.4c

LT 7.3 Cladograms and Phylogenetics

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8.2c

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8.2c

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8.2c

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8.2c

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8.2c

LT 7.4 Domains and Kingdoms

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8.3b

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8.3b

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8.3b

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8.3b

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8.3b

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Question 20

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The information below was printed on a calendar of important events in the field of biology.

1859
Darwin Publishes
On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection

This information is most closely associated with

an explanation for the change in types of minerals in an area through ecological succession

an attempt to explain the structural similarities observed among diverse living organisms

the reasons for the loss of biodiversity in all habitats on Earth

the effect of carrying capacity on the size of populations

The theory of biological evolution includes the concept that

individuals may acquire physical characteristics after birth and pass these acquired characteristics on to their offspring

species of organisms found on Earth today have adaptations not always found in earlier species

the smallest organisms are always eliminated by the larger organisms within the ecosystem

fossils are the remains of present-day species and were all formed at the same time

The extremes of dry and wet weather of the Galapagos Islands cause the food supply to constantly change. During dry years, the food is mainly large, hard seeds, and finches with large beaks are found in greater numbers.
Which statement best explains this observation?

 Dry environments cause mutations in finches

 Large beak size is an adaptation in dry conditions

 Finches grow larger when they have more water.

 Small finches become smaller during dry seasons.

Which statement describes an effect of natural selection on a species?

 It increases competition between populations that occupy different niches, increasing the chance of extinction of the less-adapted species

It leads to reproduction with other species, increasing the number of different adaptations

It favors the survival of certain members of the species and results in a change in the proportion of individuals with highly adaptive traits.

It provides feedback mechanisms for members of a species and results in a change in the proportion of individuals with homeostatic controls.

In a certain species of insect, some individuals have flattened white disks on their bodies that protrude and interlock, resembling an orchid  flower. This adaptation provides the insect with a better opportunity to capture its prey. If environmental conditions remain unchanged, it is most likely that, in future generations, the proportion of the population with this adaptation will

increase, then decrease

decrease, then increase

increase, only

decrease, only

In the early stages of development, the embryos of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals resemble one another. This observation suggests that these animals may have

 a common ancestor

 similar habitat requirements

 the same blood components

 a similar number of chromosomes

Blood proteins in horses are chemically similar to blood proteins in monkeys. This similarity suggests that horses and monkeys

evolved at the same time

can interbreed

may have a common ancestor

live in the same habitat

 Evidence that best supports the theory of biological evolution was obtained from the

analysis of food chains and food webs

comparison of the number of cells in organisms

study of fossil records

investigation of environmental niches

When examining the skeleton of whales, scientists identified a bone that resembles the pelvic bone found in land dwelling mammals.  Whales, however, do not have legs and thus do not use this pelvic bone.  This is an example of:

vestigial structure because whales contain a structure that no longer serves a purpose compared to other evolutionarily related organisms

transitional structure because whales contain a structure that originated from a land-dwelling ancestor but now serve a different purpose in a marine dwelling organism

analogous structure because whales contain a structure adapted to a similar environment compared to other distantly related organisms.

homologous structure because whales contain a structure that shares a similar purpose to other evolutionarily related organisms

The hands of three primates are shown below.

In addition to having similar external appearances, the primates’ hands have similar bone structures. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the similarity of these primates’ hands?

Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas were the first mammals to evolve from reptiles.

Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas are descended from a common ancestor.

Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas are classified as different subspecies of the same species.

Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas eat the same types of foods.

In the diagram shown, B, C, and D represent organisms that exist in the present time and show a striking similarity to each other in their bone structure. In the diagram, letter A most likely represents

an acquired characteristic

a common ancestor

homologous structures

geographic distribution

Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram shows the evolutionary relationships of
some organisms.

Which two organisms would most likely synthesize the most similar enzymes?

cow and horse

horse and dog

chimp and rat

monkey and mouse

Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology

Which evolutionary tree best represents the information in the chart?

The data table below shows the number of amino acid differences in the hemoglobin molecules of several species compared with amino acids in the hemoglobin of humans.

Based on the information in the data table, write the names of the organisms from the table in their correct positions on the evolutionary tree below

Scientists analyzed the genetic sequences of the protein cytochrome c of several animal species.  The numbers in the table identify how many amino acids in the protein cytochrome c of a given species differ from those of the other studied species.

On the basis of their cytochrome c differences, which of the following pairs of animals are LEAST closely related to each other?

Sheep and chicken

Monkey and chicken

Dog and horse

Kangaroo and rabbit

 The dichotomous key below provides a way to classify some animals into groups according to their physical characteristics.

The key can be used to classify each of the four animals represented below.

Which row in the chart shows the correct classification group for each animal?

Row 3

Row 2

Row 1

Row 4

All organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are

Photosynthetic organisms

Multicellular organisms

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

The organism Quercus phellos is a member of the genus

Protista

Phellos

Quercus

Plantae

Mushrooms are a type of fungus. What characteristic of fungi makes them different from plants?

Fungi are heterotrophic

Fungi have cell walls

Fungal cells are eukaryotic

Fungi are multicellular

A scientist is studying two microscopic organisms. Both organisms are single celled and have no defined, membrane bound nucleus. Organism A only inhabits the harsh climate of sulfurous hot springs and organism B are commonly encountered in everyday human life. Which kingdoms would these organisms best be classified in?

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

Fungi and Eubacteria

Plantae and Archaebacteria

Animalia and Protista