DE_LE_2.5_MechanicalAndChemicalWeathering_TestBank

Posljednje ažuriranje 9 months ago

Practice Assessment

Summative Assessment

DE_LE_2.5_MechanicalAndChemicalWeathering_TestBank

Posljednje ažuriranje 9 months ago

Practice Assessment

Which is a type of chemical weathering?

abrasion

condensation

exfoliation

hydration

Which is an example of chemical weathering?

Glaciers scrape away bits of rock as they advance across Earth's surface.

Tree roots extending into cracks in a rock thicken as they grow, splitting the rock into fragments.

Water that has become ionized reacts with silicate minerals in a rock, producing new minerals.

all of the above

Which of the following factors affect the rate of weathering in an area?

climate

topography

rock composition

all of the above

Mechanical weathering is

the physical breakdown of rock

the chemical breakdown of rock

the radioactive breakdown of rock

all of the above

Which is an agent of chemical weathering?

acid rain

ice

sands

solar radiation

Which is an agent of mechanical weathering?

acid rain

glacier

oxygen

all of the above

Which of the following climate factors affect rates of weathering?

humidity

rainfall

temperature

all of the above

What is weathering?

the process by which sediment is compacted into rock

the process by which rocks are broken down into sediment

the process by which sediment is transported from one place to another

the process by which sediment is deposited and built up into landforms

Which parts of a tree are agents of mechanical weathering?

growing roots

tannin-rich bark

photosynthesizing leaf cells

falling deciduous leaves

Which is an example of mechanical weathering?

the conversion of minerals to a bicarbonate form that dissolves in water

the cracking of rock as liquid water inside the rock freezes and expands

the formation of rust when iron-bearing minerals react with oxygen

all of the above

What is chemical weathering?

the chemical reactions that make up the water cycle

the decomposition of rock by chemical reactions

the movement of chemicals into and out of the atmosphere

the transfer of chemical energy from molecules in the atmosphere to Earth's surface

Summative Assessment

Samples of limestone, granite, quartz, and stalactite are exposed to acidic groundwater. All other conditions being equal, which rock would weather most quickly?

the limestone, because the acidic groundwater would dissolve the rock's calcite

the granite, because the acidic groundwater would oxidize the rock's iron

the quartz, because it would absorb the water, increasing the rock's density and placing added pressure on its molecules

the stalactite, because the water would loosen the bonds that hold its molecules together

While exploring an ancient lava field, a geologist discovers a piece of granite that has a coating of soft, crumbling rust. What is the most likely explanation for this rust?

Exposure to air has caused the iron-bearing minerals in the granite to oxidize.

At some point in the past, a river flowed over the field, depositing the rust on top of the granite.

Exposure to acid precipitation has worn away the granite's exterior, revealing its soft interior.

Snails and fungi living in the lava field have secreted chemicals that reacted with the granite to form rust.

You’re the editor of a popular science magazine. One of your writers wrote an article about mechanical and chemical weathering. However, some of the information is wrong. Click on the sentence(s) that are incorrect.

Mechanical and chemical weathering are two geological process that break small rocks into larger pieces.

For example, water can penetrate a crack and freeze.

When the ice contracts, it widens the crack.

This process can repeat until the rock breaks apart.

In a different process, a bottom layer of bedrock peels away.

This loss of material releases pressure, causing the rocks above it to expand and cause weathering.

Plants can also cause weathering.

For example, plant roots wedge into small cracks within a rock.

This action forces the crack to widen and eventually break apart.

These examples illustrate chemical weathering.

In one type of mechanical weathering, oxygen combines with iron in the rock.

This process forms a coating of rust that colors the rock.

In another type, water dissolves salts in the rock and washes them away, causing the rock to deteriorate.

In a third type, acidic rainwater will precipitate minerals in the rock, causing it to break apart.

Luke is developing a science project that focuses on mechanical weathering. He takes samples from three different areas. Each area different weathering agents. Connect the images of different rock shapes to the type of action that created those shapes.

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
plant action
wave action
river action
frost action

When a rock undergoes chemical weathering, its chemical composition changes. A change in the molecular structure of the rock can result in a faster rate of breakdown. Match the type of chemical weathering process to the correct description.

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
Oxidation		Potassium feldspar in igneous rock is a silicate mineral that reacts with slightly ionized water to form a new mineral
Hydrolysis		a rock that contains the mineral magnesium carbonate dissolves in the presence of carbonic acid.
Carbonation		within its structure, minerals react with water molecules causing it to expand and put added pressure on the rock.
Hydration		Iron minerals in the rock react with oxygen causing it to lose electrons and precipitate as a different mineral.

Many forces cause mechanical weathering. Classify the weathering process according to the force that causes it.

Liquid water is forced into cracks in the rock.
Water within cracks is frozen.
Weight of overlying rocks creates pressure and fracture.
Sunlight heats the rocks causing them to swell.
Plants penetrate cracks in the rock

Exfoliation
Unloading
Wedging
Wave Action
Expansion

The images illustrate different types of weathering. Connect each term to the associated image.

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
Frost Wedging
Root Wedging
Abrasion
Exfoliation

How is chemical weathering different from mechanical weathering?

Pollutants are formed during chemical weathering.

New substances are formed during chemical weathering.

Living things drive the process of chemical weathering.

Rock is broken down into smaller pieces during chemical weathering.

Why is wind an agent of mechanical weathering?

Wind carries sediment that causes abrasion of exposed rock.

Wind carries oxygen molecules that react with iron in exposed rock.

Wind carries water vapor that dissolves minerals in exposed rock.

all of the above

The following diagrams illustrate molecular processes during chemical weathering. Match the type of weathering process to the diagram that shows the corresponding molecular process.

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
oxidation
dissolution
carbonation
hydration