Chemistry Semester 2 Exam 2024

Instrukcije

Answer each question to the best of your ability. There is only one correct answer to each. Use the following charts to help you along your way. You may also use a calculator.

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1

An ionic solute is placed into a beaker with water as a solvent. What occurs when there is a strong attraction between the solute and the solvent?

the solute melts

the solute dissolves

the solute remains unchanged

the solute reacts to form a precipitate

1

In a lab, a student heats up some water to 100^oC. She then adds potassium chloride salt crystals and stirs until no more will dissolve. The solution was covered and set aside. The next day, the student notices the solution has become a little cloudy and some solid is now on the bottom of the beaker. What is the reason this occurred?

As the solution cooled, water evaporated causing the concentration of KCl to become too high to remain in solution.

At lower temperatures, the salt is less soluble and some of it recrystallizes.

Water molecules trapped with the KCl were released after heating.

At increased temperatures, the amount of KCl that can dissolve in the water increased and remained too high after cooling.

1

Use the diagram to answer the following question.
How many bonds are made by each carbon atom in the molecule shown above?

one

three

four

two

1

Two elements in a molecule have the same electronegativity values. Which of the following most likely holds the elements together and why?

a polar covalent bond, because the elements do not share electrons equally

an ionic bond, because electrons transfer from one element to the other

an intermolecular force, because the elements do not form a chemical bond

a nonpolar covalent bond, because the elements share electrons equally

10

Categorize the following items as being either endothermic or exothermic.

photosynthesis
Bond Formation
condensation of water
solution feels cold
combustion
solution feels hot
Bonds Breaking
melting of water

Endothermic
Exothermic

8

Match the element to the correct number of valence electrons

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
Fr (Francium)		8
As (Arsenic)		2
I (Iodine)		5
Ca (Calcium)		1
C (Carbon)		6
Kr (Kypton)		4
S (Sulfur)		7

1

In the molecule below, which atom has the largest partial negative charge __________?

I

C

F

Cl

3

4

5

Drugi mogući odgovor:

decomposition

synthesis

1

single replacement

2

double replacement

0

combustion

3

4

Drugi mogući odgovor:

decomposition

combustion

0

2

single replacement

synthesis

1

double replacement

3

6

2

Select the correct way to calculate how many moles of carbon dioxide there are when you have 52.06 g of carbon dioxide (CO₂), and choose the correct answer. (Choose 2 selections from below)

convert the given mass to moles by dividing by the molar mass

0.845 mol

2342 mol

1.18 mol

multiply the given mass by the molar mass to convert to moles

divide the molar mass by the given mass to convert to moles

2

Drugi mogući odgovor:

7.5 mol CO₂

3 mol CO₂ / 1 mol C₃H₈

1 mol C₃H₈ / 3 mol CO₂

0.83 mol CO₂

1 mol C₃H₈ / 32 g C₃H₈

32 g C₃H₈ / 1 mol C₃H₈

3

1

Which reaction diagram shows the effect of using the appropriate catalyst in a chemical reaction?

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1

In a sealed bottle that is half full of water, equilibrium will be reached when water molecules

stop evaporating

begin to condense

evaporate and condense at equal rates

are equal in number for both the liquid and the gas phase

1

What is the correct equation for the following particulate level drawing of an equilibrium reaction?

3C₂ + 3BA₂ ⇌ 3B + 6AC

3C₂ + 6B₃A ⇌ 3B + 6AC

3C + 3AB ⇌ 3B + 6AC

6C + 3AB₂ ⇌ 3B + 6AC

1

In the chemical reaction shown below, all of the HCl and Zn will react to form H₂ and ZnCl₂
Which of the following statements describes the result of this reaction?

The zinc chloride will have have less mass than the zinc.

The mass of the products will equal the mass of the reactants.

The mass of the hydrogen atoms will decrease in the products.

The hydrogen gas will have a mass of zero.

1

When a steel block at 100^oC is placed on top of a copper block at 20^oC, the thermal energy of the copper begins to increase. Which of the following is the source of this increase in energy?

heat flowing by means of convection

heat flowing by means of conduction

heat flowing by means of radiation

tiny little heat gnomes that carry energy backpacks back and forth

1

A popcorn kernel is up to 13% water. The drawing above shows a kernel of corn that is heated until it pops. Which of the following best explains what happens to the liquid water stored inside the kernel that leads to the popping process?

The liquid water is converted into heat

The liquid water undergoes a chemical change into hydrogen and oxygen gases.

The liquid water undergoes a physical change into steam.

The liquid water is destroyed by the heat.

1

The diagram shown represents a closed energy system. The system contains equal masses of air, copper, and water in a perfectly insulated container. The temperatures were taken at the time the materials were placed in the closed system.
How will the temperatures of the materials change over an extended period of time?

All of the materials will reach the same temperature

The temperature of each material will decrease

The temperature of each material will remain constant

Warmer materials will get warmer and cooler materials will get cooler

6

Select which type of bond is being formed in the following substances.

7

1

Which of the following is the best example of heat transfer by convection?

From the iron to the shirt

null

From the bottom of the water in the beaker to the surface

null

From the griddle to the eggs

null

From the Sun to Earth

null

1

Which of the following has the lowest average kinetic energy?

water at 10^oC

steel at 50^oC

quartz at 25^oC

nitrogen at 75^oC

1

According the the kinetic molecular theory of gases, the particles of a gas have

little attractions for each other and a significant volume

strong attractions for each other and a significant volume

strong attractions for each other and an insignificant volume

little attractions for each other and an insignificant volume

1

A 0.500-mole sample of a gas has a volume of 11.2 liters at 273 K. What is the pressure of the gas? (use ideal gas law with R = 0.0821 Latm/molK)

1 atm

11.2 atm

273 atm

0.5 atm

1

A gas has a pressure of 300 torr, a temperature of 400 K, and a volume of 50.0 milliliters. What volume will the gas have at a pressure of 150 torr and a temperature of 200 K?

200 mL

50.0 mL

100 mL

12.5 mL

1

A gas at STP (standard pressure and temperature) has a volume of 1.0 liter. If the pressure is doubled and the temperature remains constant, the new volume of the gas will be

0.50 L

0.25 L

2.0 L

4.0 L

1

Which substance is a good conductor of electricity in both the solid and liquid phases?

a network covalent substance

a metallic substance

a molecular substance

an ionic substance

1

A chemist performs the same tests on two homogeneous white crystalline solids, A and B. The results are shown in the accompanying table.
The results of these test suggest that

solid A contains only ionic bonds and solid B contains only covalent bonds.

both solids contain only covalent bonds

solid A contains only covalent bonds and solid B contains only ionic bonds.

both solids contain only ionic bonds.

1

Which kind of energy is stored in a chemical bond?

kinetic energy

potential energy

ionization energy

activation energy

1

Given the reaction:
Zn_(s) + 2HCl_(aq) --> ZnCl₂_(aq) + H₂_(g)
Where solid zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas, the reaction occurs more slowly when a single piece of solid zinc is used instead of the same mass of powdered zinc. Why is this the case?

The powdered zinc generates more heat energy

The powdered zinc is more concentrated

The powdered zinc required less activation energy

The powdered zinc has more surface area

1

Given the above reaction, what is the ratio of moles of H₂ consumed to moles of NH₃ produced?

2:3

3:2

1:2

6:6

1

Given the balanced equation:
NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H₂O
What is the total number of grams of H₂O produced when 115 grams of the product, NaCl, is formed? Make sure to show your set up in order to get full credit.

9.0 g

18 g

36 g

54 g

1

What is the total mass of oxygen in 1.00 mole of Al₂(CrO₄)₃?

112 g

64.0 g

192 g

48.0 g

1

Which factor is a major cause of global warming?

decreased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

decreased mineral availability

increased burning of fossil fuels

increased number of green plants

1

An increase in which gas would cause the most greenhouse warming of Earth's atmosphere?

oxygen

carbon dioxide

hydrogen

nitrogen

1

Global Warming has been linked to a decrease in the

temperature of the Earth

rate of species extinction

rate of carbon dioxide production

size of the polar ice caps

2

The specific heat of wood is about 1,700 J/kg^oC. How much energy is required in joules to heat a 12 kg piece of wood from 20^oC to 30^oC?

204,000 J

612,000 J

17,000 J

1,400 J

2

If a 500.0-g block of metal absorbs 5,016 J of heat when its temperature changes from 20.00^oC to 45.00^oC, what is its specific heat?

2.49 J/g ^oC

1.00 J/g ^oC

4.18 J/g ^oC

0.401 J/g ^oC

4

Place the four substances in order from most acidic (top) to most basic (bottom).

Baking soda, pH 8
Vinegar, pH 4
Lye soap, pH 11
Stomach Acid, pH 1

1

The image below shows ammonia, NH₃gas being dissolved in water. How can the equilibrium between NH_{3 (aq)} ⇌ NH_{3 (g)} be reached?

Add more water

Add more ammonia

Cool the system

Put a lid on the bottle

	Ionic	Covalent
AlCl₃
Iron (II) Oxide
NO₂
H₂SO₄
CaCO₃
C₂H₅OH

	AB	BC	CD	DE	EF
Boiling point
Gas
Solid
Liquid
mixture of solid and liquid
1500 ^oC
2500 ^oC

	Ionic	Covalent
AlCl₃
Iron (II) Oxide
NO₂
H₂SO₄
CaCO₃
C₂H₅OH

	AB	BC	CD	DE	EF
Boiling point
Gas
Solid
Liquid
mixture of solid and liquid
1500 ^oC
2500 ^oC

Chemistry Semester 2 Exam 2024

An ionic solute is placed into a beaker with water as a solvent. What occurs when there is a strong attraction between the solute and the solvent?

Use the diagram to answer the following question.How many bonds are made by each carbon atom in the molecule shown above?

Two elements in a molecule have the same electronegativity values. Which of the following most likely holds the elements together and why?

Categorize the following items as being either endothermic or exothermic.

Match the element to the correct number of valence electrons

In the molecule below, which atom has the largest partial negative charge __________?

Select the correct way to calculate how many moles of carbon dioxide there are when you have 52.06 g of carbon dioxide (CO2), and choose the correct answer. (Choose 2 selections from below)

Which reaction diagram shows the effect of using the appropriate catalyst in a chemical reaction?

In a sealed bottle that is half full of water, equilibrium will be reached when water molecules

What is the correct equation for the following particulate level drawing of an equilibrium reaction?

In the chemical reaction shown below, all of the HCl and Zn will react to form H2 and ZnCl2Which of the following statements describes the result of this reaction?

When a steel block at 100oC is placed on top of a copper block at 20oC, the thermal energy of the copper begins to increase. Which of the following is the source of this increase in energy?

A popcorn kernel is up to 13% water. The drawing above shows a kernel of corn that is heated until it pops. Which of the following best explains what happens to the liquid water stored inside the kernel that leads to the popping process?

Select which type of bond is being formed in the following substances.

Which of the following is the best example of heat transfer by convection?

Which of the following has the lowest average kinetic energy?

According the the kinetic molecular theory of gases, the particles of a gas have

A 0.500-mole sample of a gas has a volume of 11.2 liters at 273 K. What is the pressure of the gas? (use ideal gas law with R = 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)

A gas has a pressure of 300 torr, a temperature of 400 K, and a volume of 50.0 milliliters. What volume will the gas have at a pressure of 150 torr and a temperature of 200 K?

A gas at STP (standard pressure and temperature) has a volume of 1.0 liter. If the pressure is doubled and the temperature remains constant, the new volume of the gas will be

Which substance is a good conductor of electricity in both the solid and liquid phases?

A chemist performs the same tests on two homogeneous white crystalline solids, A and B. The results are shown in the accompanying table.The results of these test suggest that

Which kind of energy is stored in a chemical bond?

Given the reaction:Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) --> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)Where solid zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas, the reaction occurs more slowly when a single piece of solid zinc is used instead of the same mass of powdered zinc. Why is this the case?

Given the above reaction, what is the ratio of moles of H2 consumed to moles of NH3 produced?

Given the balanced equation:NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2OWhat is the total number of grams of H2O produced when 115 grams of the product, NaCl, is formed? Make sure to show your set up in order to get full credit.

What is the total mass of oxygen in 1.00 mole of Al2(CrO4)3?

Which factor is a major cause of global warming?

An increase in which gas would cause the most greenhouse warming of Earth's atmosphere?

Global Warming has been linked to a decrease in the

The specific heat of wood is about 1,700 J/kgoC. How much energy is required in joules to heat a 12 kg piece of wood from 20oC to 30oC?

If a 500.0-g block of metal absorbs 5,016 J of heat when its temperature changes from 20.00oC to 45.00oC, what is its specific heat?

Place the four substances in order from most acidic (top) to most basic (bottom).

The image below shows ammonia, NH3 gas being dissolved in water. How can the equilibrium between NH3 (aq) ⇌ NH3 (g) be reached?

An ionic solute is placed into a beaker with water as a solvent. What occurs when there is a strong attraction between the solute and the solvent?

Use the diagram to answer the following question.How many bonds are made by each carbon atom in the molecule shown above?

Two elements in a molecule have the same electronegativity values. Which of the following most likely holds the elements together and why?

Categorize the following items as being either endothermic or exothermic.

Match the element to the correct number of valence electrons

In the molecule below, which atom has the largest partial negative charge __________?

Select the correct way to calculate how many moles of carbon dioxide there are when you have 52.06 g of carbon dioxide (CO2), and choose the correct answer. (Choose 2 selections from below)

Which reaction diagram shows the effect of using the appropriate catalyst in a chemical reaction?

In a sealed bottle that is half full of water, equilibrium will be reached when water molecules

What is the correct equation for the following particulate level drawing of an equilibrium reaction?

In the chemical reaction shown below, all of the HCl and Zn will react to form H2 and ZnCl2Which of the following statements describes the result of this reaction?

When a steel block at 100oC is placed on top of a copper block at 20oC, the thermal energy of the copper begins to increase. Which of the following is the source of this increase in energy?

A popcorn kernel is up to 13% water. The drawing above shows a kernel of corn that is heated until it pops. Which of the following best explains what happens to the liquid water stored inside the kernel that leads to the popping process?

Select which type of bond is being formed in the following substances.

Correctly answer the questions about the heating curve below. There are 5 columns to categorize. You need to scroll over to see them all.

Which of the following is the best example of heat transfer by convection?

Which of the following has the lowest average kinetic energy?

According the the kinetic molecular theory of gases, the particles of a gas have

A 0.500-mole sample of a gas has a volume of 11.2 liters at 273 K. What is the pressure of the gas? (use ideal gas law with R = 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)

A gas has a pressure of 300 torr, a temperature of 400 K, and a volume of 50.0 milliliters. What volume will the gas have at a pressure of 150 torr and a temperature of 200 K?

A gas at STP (standard pressure and temperature) has a volume of 1.0 liter. If the pressure is doubled and the temperature remains constant, the new volume of the gas will be

Which substance is a good conductor of electricity in both the solid and liquid phases?

A chemist performs the same tests on two homogeneous white crystalline solids, A and B. The results are shown in the accompanying table.The results of these test suggest that

Which kind of energy is stored in a chemical bond?

Given the reaction:Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) --> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)Where solid zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas, the reaction occurs more slowly when a single piece of solid zinc is used instead of the same mass of powdered zinc. Why is this the case?

Given the above reaction, what is the ratio of moles of H2 consumed to moles of NH3 produced?

Given the balanced equation:NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2OWhat is the total number of grams of H2O produced when 115 grams of the product, NaCl, is formed? Make sure to show your set up in order to get full credit.

What is the total mass of oxygen in 1.00 mole of Al2(CrO4)3?

Which factor is a major cause of global warming?

An increase in which gas would cause the most greenhouse warming of Earth's atmosphere?

Global Warming has been linked to a decrease in the

The specific heat of wood is about 1,700 J/kgoC. How much energy is required in joules to heat a 12 kg piece of wood from 20oC to 30oC?

If a 500.0-g block of metal absorbs 5,016 J of heat when its temperature changes from 20.00oC to 45.00oC, what is its specific heat?

Place the four substances in order from most acidic (top) to most basic (bottom).

The image below shows ammonia, NH3 gas being dissolved in water. How can the equilibrium between NH3 (aq) ⇌ NH3 (g) be reached?

Use the diagram to answer the following question.
How many bonds are made by each carbon atom in the molecule shown above?

Select the correct way to calculate how many moles of carbon dioxide there are when you have 52.06 g of carbon dioxide (CO₂), and choose the correct answer. (Choose 2 selections from below)

In the chemical reaction shown below, all of the HCl and Zn will react to form H₂ and ZnCl₂
Which of the following statements describes the result of this reaction?

When a steel block at 100^oC is placed on top of a copper block at 20^oC, the thermal energy of the copper begins to increase. Which of the following is the source of this increase in energy?

A 0.500-mole sample of a gas has a volume of 11.2 liters at 273 K. What is the pressure of the gas? (use ideal gas law with R = 0.0821 Latm/molK)

A chemist performs the same tests on two homogeneous white crystalline solids, A and B. The results are shown in the accompanying table.
The results of these test suggest that

Given the reaction:
Zn_(s) + 2HCl_(aq) --> ZnCl₂_(aq) + H₂_(g)
Where solid zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas, the reaction occurs more slowly when a single piece of solid zinc is used instead of the same mass of powdered zinc. Why is this the case?

Given the above reaction, what is the ratio of moles of H₂ consumed to moles of NH₃ produced?

Given the balanced equation:
NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H₂O
What is the total number of grams of H₂O produced when 115 grams of the product, NaCl, is formed? Make sure to show your set up in order to get full credit.

What is the total mass of oxygen in 1.00 mole of Al₂(CrO₄)₃?

The specific heat of wood is about 1,700 J/kg^oC. How much energy is required in joules to heat a 12 kg piece of wood from 20^oC to 30^oC?

If a 500.0-g block of metal absorbs 5,016 J of heat when its temperature changes from 20.00^oC to 45.00^oC, what is its specific heat?

The image below shows ammonia, NH₃gas being dissolved in water. How can the equilibrium between NH_{3 (aq)} ⇌ NH_{3 (g)} be reached?

Use the diagram to answer the following question.
How many bonds are made by each carbon atom in the molecule shown above?

Select the correct way to calculate how many moles of carbon dioxide there are when you have 52.06 g of carbon dioxide (CO₂), and choose the correct answer. (Choose 2 selections from below)

In the chemical reaction shown below, all of the HCl and Zn will react to form H₂ and ZnCl₂
Which of the following statements describes the result of this reaction?

When a steel block at 100^oC is placed on top of a copper block at 20^oC, the thermal energy of the copper begins to increase. Which of the following is the source of this increase in energy?

A 0.500-mole sample of a gas has a volume of 11.2 liters at 273 K. What is the pressure of the gas? (use ideal gas law with R = 0.0821 Latm/molK)

A chemist performs the same tests on two homogeneous white crystalline solids, A and B. The results are shown in the accompanying table.
The results of these test suggest that

Given the reaction:
Zn_(s) + 2HCl_(aq) --> ZnCl₂_(aq) + H₂_(g)
Where solid zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas, the reaction occurs more slowly when a single piece of solid zinc is used instead of the same mass of powdered zinc. Why is this the case?

Given the above reaction, what is the ratio of moles of H₂ consumed to moles of NH₃ produced?

Given the balanced equation:
NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H₂O
What is the total number of grams of H₂O produced when 115 grams of the product, NaCl, is formed? Make sure to show your set up in order to get full credit.

What is the total mass of oxygen in 1.00 mole of Al₂(CrO₄)₃?

The specific heat of wood is about 1,700 J/kg^oC. How much energy is required in joules to heat a 12 kg piece of wood from 20^oC to 30^oC?

If a 500.0-g block of metal absorbs 5,016 J of heat when its temperature changes from 20.00^oC to 45.00^oC, what is its specific heat?

The image below shows ammonia, NH₃gas being dissolved in water. How can the equilibrium between NH_{3 (aq)} ⇌ NH_{3 (g)} be reached?