8.3 Coral Reefs

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What is the primary material coral reefs are built upon?

Clay

Limestone

Seaweed

Sand

Which organisms are responsible for forming massive coral reefs?

Sharks

Whales

Algae

Millions of tiny coral polyps

What is symbiosis?

Two species competing for resources.

Special relationship between different species benefiting at least one.

One species benefiting, another being harmed in relationship.

Predator and prey relationship between species.

How do corals reproduce since they are sessile?

Undergo metamorphosis

Spawning and growth

Movement and dispersal

Sexual and asexual methods

Which process of asexual reproduction is often used by people to restore coral reefs?

Budding

Fission

Bailout

Fragmentation

How does a coral reef grow over time?

Growing downwards

Laying new layers of calcium carbonate

Absorbing sunlight

Expanding horizontally

How fast does a coral reef typically grow per year?

1 meter

10 cm

5 inches

20 cm

Where is the living coral found in a coral reef?

Deep underground

Thin layer on the surface

Covering the entire structure

Middle layer

What happens if coral lacks zooxanthellae?

Coral changes color

Coral grows faster

Coral becomes stronger

Coral loses its main source of food and nutrients

What happens if there is not enough sunlight for photosynthesis?

Coral may not get enough food

Zooxanthellae will multiply rapidly

Other organisms will provide nutrients

Coral polyps will migrate

Why do coral reefs struggle in murky waters?

Increased salinity levels

Temperature too high

Reduced light penetration

No nutrients available

What is the maximum temperature for coral growth?

50 °C

5 °C

35 °C

40 °C

What is the first sign of heat stress in corals?

Reproducing

Bleaching

Dying

New zooxanthellae

What happens to corals during bleaching?

Reproducing

New zooxanthellae

Expels zooxanthellae

Dying

Which type of reef grows closest to the shoreline?

Barrier Reef

Atoll

Fringe Reef

Patch Reef

Which type of reef is separated from the land by a lagoon?

Atoll

Barrier Reef

Fringe Reef

Patch Reef

Which type of reef forms from volcanoes?

Patch Reef

Atoll

Fringe Reef

Barrier Reef

What must corals on the reef crest withstand? Select all that apply

Where do corals typically thrive between 15-65 feet deep?

Coral Garden

Drop Off

Sand Patch

Reef Front

What is the main location of the reef on an atoll?

Bottom

Inside

Outside

Top

How are nutrients recycled in coral reef ecosystems?

Industrial pollution

Volcanic activity

Photosynthesis

Feeding and excretions

What are some strategies hard corals use for competition? Select all that apply

Which animals protect coral from predators by pinching or biting?

Sea urchins

Crabs

Dolphins

Sharks

What type of symbiotic relationship is described between the Hermit Crab and the Anemone?

Commensalism

Competition

Mutualism

Parasitism

Why is scientific research important for coral reefs?

Increases siltation of the reef

Promotes conservation efforts

Decreases the stability of the reef

Causes environmental impact

What is illustrated as a negative impact on the reef ecosystem?

Building of resorts along a coast

Fishing for a new species of fish

Creation of a marine sanctuary

Education programs for Fijian children

BONUS: What happens if corals lack zooxanthellae?

Coral reef formation speeds up.

Coral growth accelerates.

Slow coral growth.

Corals develop stronger skeletons.

BONUS: How are individual coral polyps connected?

Through oceans

Electrically

Telepathically

By tissue

BONUS: Under what conditions may a polyp engage in bailout reproduction?

Warmer water temp

Extreme environmental changes

Normal feeding

Low oxygen levels

BONUS: Why are corals called 'bleached' during bleaching?

Lose color due to expelling zooxanthellae

New zooxanthellae

Reproducing

Dying

BONUS: What is the Great Barrier Reef known for being?

Largest coral reef system

Deep-sea trench network

Small collection of reefs

Biggest atolls in the world

BONUS: What may a small, shallow lagoon with little wave action become?

Stormy

Moderate temperature

Very hot

Very cold

BONUS: Which strategy is used by soft corals and sponges? Select all that apply

BONUS: What does a mutualistic relationship involve?

No interaction between organisms

Harmful effects to both organisms

Benefits to both organisms

One-sided benefit

BONUS: What does the creation of a marine sanctuary do for the reef?

Increases health and stability

Builds resorts

Causes reef decline

Prompts collectors to use dynamite

BONUS: What organism pushes its stomach out to digest coral?

Crabs

Shrimp

Fish

Crown of Thorns Sea Star

What is the primary material coral reefs are built upon?

Clay

Limestone

Seaweed

Sand

Which organisms are responsible for forming massive coral reefs?

Sharks

Whales

Algae

Millions of tiny coral polyps

What is symbiosis?

Two species competing for resources.

Special relationship between different species benefiting at least one.

One species benefiting, another being harmed in relationship.

Predator and prey relationship between species.

How do corals reproduce since they are sessile?

Undergo metamorphosis

Spawning and growth

Movement and dispersal

Sexual and asexual methods

Which process of asexual reproduction is often used by people to restore coral reefs?

Budding

Fission

Bailout

Fragmentation

How does a coral reef grow over time?

Growing downwards

Laying new layers of calcium carbonate

Absorbing sunlight

Expanding horizontally

How fast does a coral reef typically grow per year?

1 meter

10 cm

5 inches

20 cm

Where is the living coral found in a coral reef?

Deep underground

Thin layer on the surface

Covering the entire structure

Middle layer

What happens if coral lacks zooxanthellae?

Coral changes color

Coral grows faster

Coral becomes stronger

Coral loses its main source of food and nutrients

What happens if there is not enough sunlight for photosynthesis?

Coral may not get enough food

Zooxanthellae will multiply rapidly

Other organisms will provide nutrients

Coral polyps will migrate

Why do coral reefs struggle in murky waters?

Increased salinity levels

Temperature too high

Reduced light penetration

No nutrients available

What is the maximum temperature for coral growth?

50 °C

5 °C

35 °C

40 °C

What is the first sign of heat stress in corals?

Reproducing

Bleaching

Dying

New zooxanthellae

What happens to corals during bleaching?

Reproducing

New zooxanthellae

Expels zooxanthellae

Dying

Which type of reef grows closest to the shoreline?

Barrier Reef

Atoll

Fringe Reef

Patch Reef

Which type of reef is separated from the land by a lagoon?

Atoll

Barrier Reef

Fringe Reef

Patch Reef

Which type of reef forms from volcanoes?

Patch Reef

Atoll

Fringe Reef

Barrier Reef

What must corals on the reef crest withstand? Select all that apply

Intense wave action

High light intensity

Strong currents

Aerial exposure

Deep underwater conditions

Where do corals typically thrive between 15-65 feet deep?

Coral Garden

Drop Off

Sand Patch

Reef Front

What is the main location of the reef on an atoll?

Bottom

Inside

Outside

Top

How are nutrients recycled in coral reef ecosystems?

Industrial pollution

Volcanic activity

Photosynthesis

Feeding and excretions

What are some strategies hard corals use for competition? Select all that apply

Grow up and branch out

Develop stinging tentacles

Stay small and hidden

Move to new areas

Attack and eat neighbors

Which animals protect coral from predators by pinching or biting?

Sea urchins

Crabs

Dolphins

Sharks

What type of symbiotic relationship is described between the Hermit Crab and the Anemone?

Commensalism

Competition

Mutualism

Parasitism

Why is scientific research important for coral reefs?

Increases siltation of the reef

Promotes conservation efforts

Decreases the stability of the reef

Causes environmental impact

What is illustrated as a negative impact on the reef ecosystem?

Building of resorts along a coast

Fishing for a new species of fish

Creation of a marine sanctuary

Education programs for Fijian children

BONUS: What happens if corals lack zooxanthellae?

Coral reef formation speeds up.

Coral growth accelerates.

Slow coral growth.

Corals develop stronger skeletons.

BONUS: How are individual coral polyps connected?

Through oceans

Electrically

Telepathically

By tissue

BONUS: Under what conditions may a polyp engage in bailout reproduction?

Warmer water temp

Extreme environmental changes

Normal feeding

Low oxygen levels

BONUS: Why are corals called 'bleached' during bleaching?

Lose color due to expelling zooxanthellae

New zooxanthellae

Reproducing

Dying

BONUS: What is the Great Barrier Reef known for being?

Largest coral reef system

Deep-sea trench network

Small collection of reefs

Biggest atolls in the world

BONUS: What may a small, shallow lagoon with little wave action become?

Stormy

Moderate temperature

Very hot

Very cold

BONUS: Which strategy is used by soft corals and sponges? Select all that apply

Toxic to eat

Release chemicals to kill hard corals

Develop stinging tentacles

Sharp needles

Grow massive in size

Have no skeleton for faster growth

BONUS: What does a mutualistic relationship involve?

No interaction between organisms

Harmful effects to both organisms

Benefits to both organisms

One-sided benefit

BONUS: What does the creation of a marine sanctuary do for the reef?

Increases health and stability

Builds resorts

Causes reef decline

Prompts collectors to use dynamite

BONUS: What organism pushes its stomach out to digest coral?

Crabs

Shrimp

Fish

Crown of Thorns Sea Star