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2023 (August): NY Regents - United States History and Government (Framework)

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Last updated 3 months ago
37 questions
Note from the author:
From the New York State Education Department. UNITED STATES HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT (FRAMEWORK). Internet. Available from https://www.nysedregents.org/ushg-framework/823/us-82023-examw.pdf on State Education Department Website; accessed 30, May, 2024.
From the New York State Education Department. UNITED STATES HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT (FRAMEWORK). Internet. Available from https://www.nysedregents.org/ushg-framework/823/us-82023-examw.pdf on State Education Department Website; accessed 30, May, 2024.
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Document 1
. . . This is not an issue as to whether the people are going hungry or cold in the United States. It is solely a question of the best method by which hunger and cold can be prevented. It is a question as to whether the American people on the one hand will maintain the spirit of charity and of mutual self-help through voluntary giving and the responsibility of local government as distinguished on the other hand from appropriations out of the Federal Treasury for such purposes. My own conviction is strongly that if we break down this sense of responsibility, of individual generosity to individual, and mutual self-help in the country in times of national difficulty and if we start appropriations of this character we have not only impaired something infinitely valuable in the life of the American people but have struck at the roots of self-government. Once this has happened it is not the cost of a few score millions, but we are faced with the abyss of reliance [trap of relying] in [the] future upon Government charity in some form or other. The money involved is indeed the least of the costs to American ideals and American institutions. . . .
(Source: President Herbert Hoover, Press Statement, February 3, 1931)
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11.7.c.iii
SEQ Set 2
Read and analyze the following documents, applying your social studies knowledge and skills to write a short essay of two or three paragraphs in which you:

1. Describe the historical context surrounding documents 1 and 2.
2. Analyze Document 2 and explain how audience, or purpose, or bias, or point of view affects this document’s use as a reliable source of evidence.

In developing your short-essay answer of two or three paragraphs, be sure to keep these explanations in mind:
- Describe means “to illustrate something in words or tell about it.”
- Historical Context refers to “the relevant historical circumstances surrounding or connecting the events, ideas, or developments in these documents.”
- Analyze means “to examine a document and determine its elements and its relationships.”
- Explain means “to make plain or understandable; to give reasons for or causes of; to show the logical development or relationship of.”
- Reliability is determined by how accurate and useful the information found in a source is for a specific purpose.
Document 1 (click to enlarge)

Document 2
[The following is an excerpt from a Senate speech given by Senator Robert La Follette opposing United States membership in the League of Nations.]

. . . We have already paid a fearful price for our participation in the late war. It has cost us the lives of more than 50,000 of our finest young men slain in battle, and over 200,000 maimed and wounded, and many thousands of others who lost their lives through disease growing out of the war. It has cost us some thirty billions of dollars, most of which still remains to be wrung from our people—principal and interest—by heartbreaking taxes which must be paid by this and succeeding generations. . . .

But, sir, there is one thing which is now demanded of us that we did not bargain for when we entered this war, and that is the surrender of our right to control our own destiny as a Nation.

After all, . . . that is what membership in this proposed league of nations is to cost us. Up until the present time we are still free to travel the road which the founders of our Government intended us to travel. We are still free to fulfill the destiny for which we are fitted by the genius of our people, the character of our institutions, our great
resources, and our fortunate geographical position. All this we are asked to surrender in order to become a member of this league of nations. . . . We are asked to depart from the traditional policy which our position on the American Continent has enabled us to pursue of keeping free from entangling alliances of European politics, and to become a party to every political scheme that may be hatched in the capitals of Europe or elsewhere in this world of ours. . . .
(Source: United States Senator Robert M. La Follette, Speech on the League of Nations,
November 13, 1919)
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11.6.b.ii
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Question 31
31.

According to Wendell H. Oswalt, what is one historical circumstance surrounding the rights of Native Americans?

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11.3.a.iii
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Question 32
32.

Based on this document, what was one effect of westward settlement on Native Americans?

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Question 33
33.

Based on this document, what is one effort to address the rights of Native Americans?

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Question 34
34.

Based on these documents, state one impact of the efforts to restore Native American history and culture.

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Question 35
35.

Based on these documents, what was one effort to protect the rights of Native Americans in North Dakota?

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Question 36
36.

According to Katie Reilly, what is one impact of the 2017 voter identification law on Native Americans?

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Question 37
37.

Task: Using information from the documents and your knowledge of United States history, write
an essay in which you
•Describe the historical circumstances surrounding this constitutional or civic issue
•Explain efforts by individuals, groups, and/or governments to address this
constitutional or civic issue
•Discuss the impact of the efforts on the United States and/or on American society

Guidelines:
In your essay, be sure to
•Develop all aspects of the task
•Explain at least two efforts to address the issue
•Incorporate information from at least four documents
•Incorporate relevant outside information
•Support the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details
•Use a logical and clear plan of organization, including an introduction and a conclusion that are beyond a restatement of the theme

Question 1
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Question 2
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Question 3
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Question 4
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Question 5
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Question 6
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Question 7
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Question 8
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Question 9
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Question 10
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Question 11
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Question 12
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Question 13
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Question 14
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Question 15
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Question 16
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Question 17
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Question 18
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Question 19
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Question 20
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Question 21
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Question 22
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Question 23
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Question 24
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Question 25
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Question 26
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Question 27
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Question 28
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Part II

SHORT-ESSAY QUESTIONS (SEQs)
These Short-Essay Questions are based on the accompanying documents and are designed to test your ability to work with historical documents. Each Short-Essay Question set consists of two documents. Some of these documents have been edited for the purposes of these questions. Keep in mind that the language and images used in a document may reflect the historical context of the time in which it was created.

SEQ Set 1 (Question 29)
Task: Read and analyze the following documents, applying your social studies knowledge and skills to write a short essay of two or three paragraphs in which you:
• Describe the historical context surrounding these documents
• Identify and explain the relationship between the events and/or ideas found in these documents (Cause and Effect, or Similarity/Difference, or Turning Point)
In developing your short-essay answer of two or three paragraphs, be sure to keep these explanations in mind:

Describe means “to illustrate something in words or tell about it.”
Historical Context refers to “the relevant historical circumstances surrounding or connecting the events, ideas, or developments in these documents.”
Identify means “to put a name to or to name.”
Explain means “to make plain or understandable; to give reasons for or causes of; to show the logical development or relationship of.”

Types of Relationships:
Cause refers to “something that contributes to the occurrence of an event, the rise of an idea, or the bringing about of a development.”
Effect refers to “what happens as a consequence (result, impact, outcome) of an event, an idea, or a development.”
Similarity tells how “something is alike or the same as something else.”
Difference tells how “something is not alike or not the same as something else.”
Turning Point is “a major event, idea, or historical development that brings about significant change. It can be local, regional, national, or global.”
SEQ Set 1 Directions (Question 29): Read and analyze the documents before writing your short essay.
Question 29
29.

SEQ Set 1 (Question 29)

Task: Based on your reading and analysis of these documents, apply your social studies knowledge and skills to write a short essay of two or three paragraphs in which you:

•Describe the historical context surrounding these documents
•Identify and explain the relationship between the events and/or ideas found in these documents (Cause and Effect, or Similarity/Difference, or Turning Point)

Guidelines:
In your short essay, be sure to
•Develop all aspects of the task
•Incorporate relevant outside information
•Support the task with relevant facts and examples

You are not required to include a separate introduction or conclusion in your short essay of two or three paragraphs.

Question 30
30.

Task: Based on your reading and analysis of these documents, apply your social studies
knowledge and skills to write a short essay of two or three paragraphs in
which you:
•Describe the historical context surrounding documents 1 and 2
•Analyze Document 2 and explain how audience, or purpose, or bias, or point of view affects this document’s use as a reliable source of evidence

Guidelines:
In your short essay, be sure to
•Develop all aspects of the task
•Incorporate relevant outside information
•Support the task with relevant facts and examples

You are not required to include a separate introduction or conclusion in your short essay of
two or three paragraphs.

Part III

CIVIC LITERACY ESSAY (Questions 31–37)
This Civic Literacy Essay Question is based on the accompanying documents. The
question is designed to test your ability to work with historical documents. Some of
these documents have been edited for the purpose of this question. As you analyze the documents, take into account the source of each document and any point of view that may be presented in the document. Keep in mind that the language and images used in a document may reflect the historical context of the time in which it was created.

Historical Context: Rights of Native Americans
Throughout United States history, many constitutional and civic issues have been debated by
Americans. These debates have resulted in efforts by individuals, groups, and governments
to address these issues. These efforts have achieved varying degrees of success. One of these constitutional and civic issues is the rights of Native Americans.
Task: Read and analyze the documents in Part A. Using information from the documents and
your knowledge of United States history, answer the questions that follow each document in
Part A. Your answers to the questions will help you write the Part B essay in which you will
be asked to
•Describe the historical circumstances surrounding this constitutional or civic issue
•Explain efforts by individuals, groups, and/or governments to address this constitutional or civic issue
•Discuss the impact of the efforts on the United States and/or on American society

In developing your answers to Part III, be sure to keep these general definitions in mind:
(a) describe means “to illustrate something in words or tell about it”
(b) explain means “to make plain or understandable; to give reasons for or causes
of; to show the logical development or relationships of”
(c) discuss means “to make observations about something using facts, reasoning,
and argument; to present in some detail”
The purpose of this statement was to:
give reasons to support the ratification of the Constitution
question the power granted to Congress under the Constitution
decide which powers would be given to the president in the Constitution
encourage support for an amendment to limit personal taxation in the Constitution
Which provision in the Constitution is the author of this passage questioning?
due process
equal protection
elastic clause
rule of law
The Constitution gives the power to determine presidential succession beyond the vice president to:
the Supreme Court
the president’s cabinet
Congress
state governors
The 22nd amendment, added in 1951, changed presidential eligibility by:
establishing a two-term limit
raising the minimum age
requiring four years of college
ending the residency clause
In this address, President George Washington states that the United States can stay out of foreign entanglements because of its:
ethnic diversity
well-established military
large industrial capacity
geographical location
Based on this passage, President Washington would urge the United States to avoid:
trade agreements
permanent political alliances
foreign travel
industrial development
A historian could best use this map to study
the Monroe Doctrine
American nativism
Manifest Destiny
Dutch imperialism in North America
Which statement can best be supported by the information found on this map?
Territorial expansion during the 1800s was achieved through a variety of methods.
Colonial goals had been realized once the Louisiana Purchase was complete.
The annexation of Texas was an effort to avoid war with Mexico.
The Great Plains was the last area settled.
Based on this excerpt from the Seneca Falls' Declaration of Sentiments, women should:
remain in the home
serve in the military
give up their personal property
have equal rights with men
Which government action addressed a grievance included in this declaration?
the 13th amendment
the Plessy v. Ferguson decision
the Schenck v. United States decision
the 19th amendment
What was a major cause of the invasion John Brown refers to in this letter?
the forced relocation of Native American tribes into Kansas
the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
the decision in the Dred Scott case
the deployment of Union troops into border states
The situation described in this letter led to which outcome?
It was a contributing factor to the Civil War.
It illustrated the political influence of the Midwest.
It reflected the impact of nationalism on territorial expansion.
It resulted in a decline in sectional tensions.
Which conclusion about presidential elections is supported by the information on this map?
Territories receive a minimum of three electoral votes.
The geographically larger states receive more electoral votes.
Most northern states voted for the Democratic candidate.
The popular vote does not solely determine the outcome of elections.
What was one result of the election of 1876?
Fighting in the Civil War continued.
Reconstruction officially ended.
Federal troops remained in the South.
Discrimination ended in the South.
A historian could best use this cartoon to study:
expansionism
sectionalism
industrialism
imperialism
This cartoon reflects the foreign policy belief that the United States should:
Oppose independence movements in Latin America
Remain neutral in the affairs of Latin America
Become the protector of the Western Hemisphere
Annex the countries of the Western Hemisphere
The events described in this letter took place in
the Hudson River valley after the opening of the Erie Canal in the 1820s
California during the 1849 Gold Rush
San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake
the Great Plains during the Dust Bowl in the 1930s
Which action by the federal government was designed to help correct the problems described in this letter?
creation of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
passage of the Social Security Administration (SSA)
creation of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
passage of the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)
What foreign policy goal does President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s statement illustrate?
shifting the United States away from neutrality
uniting imperial nations in joint defense of their colonies
promoting United States trade interests in Asia
expanding democracy throughout the world by military force
Which United States action resulted from the ideas expressed in this passage?
rejection of the Treaty of Versailles
establishment of the Lend-Lease program
nonintervention in the Spanish Civil War
announcement of the Good Neighbor policy
What countries received the most aid from the Marshall Plan?
Austria and Bulgaria
East Germany and West Germany
Norway and Sweden
France and the United Kingdom
One major goal of the Marshall Plan was to
punish Germany as a result of World War II
contain the spread of communism in Europe
increase immigration to the United States
improve economic relations with the Soviet Union
According to this passage, why was the Supreme Court decision about this federal law not enforced?
Literacy tests and poll taxes had been declared unconstitutional.
The president supported segregation.
Politicians feared that they would lose the support of southern white voters.
There was an increase in the frequency of migration in Northern cities.
Based on this passage, what was the goal of the Freedom Riders?
To desegregate the buses and bus terminals in the South.
To maintain racial segregation in public transportation.
To improve bus safety features throughout the nation.
To protest the United States Supreme Court decision.
What was the primary reason that Congress passed this 1965 law?
to end the Montgomery bus boycott
to expand veterans benefits
to eliminate segregation in public schools
to protect rights guaranteed in the 15th Amendment
What was a main reason for the public’s opposition to President Bill Clinton’s intervention in Bosnia?
Americans feared that the result would begin a nuclear war.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces refused to participate.
Americans were hesitant to support foreign military actions after the Vietnam War.
There were a large number of American casualties in the Persian Gulf War.
Based on this passage, what was a major reason for President Clinton’s decision?
defending human rights
obtaining supplies of natural resources
acquiring new territories
establishing a military alliance
The event shown on the front page of this newspaper is most closely associated with the:
failure of the Berlin airlift
dissatisfaction of East Germans with United States policy
end of the Cold War with the Soviet Union
Allied victory in World War II