Done Honors Biology BM1 The Science and Chemistry of Biology
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19 questions
Note from the author:
Please read carefully before choosing your answer.
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NGSS HS-LS1-2 CCC: Systems and System Models/Structure and Function
DCI: LS1.A
NGSS HS-LS1-2 CCC: Systems and System Models/Structure and Function
DCI: LS1.A
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Question 13
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Use the graph to answer the following question.
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Question 17
17.
CCC: Connection/Systems and System Models
Scenario: In a biology class focusing on the characteristics of living organisms, students are shown video of a slime (see video). After careful observation of its movements and overall behavior depicted in the video, Gabriel concludes that the slime is not a living organism, suggesting its actions are merely complex physical or chemical reactions. Nathan, on the other hand, strongly argues that the video provides clear evidence that the slime is indeed alive.
a. How would you judge the accuracy or validity of Gabriel's and Nathan's claims? (2 pts)
b. How could either Gabriel or Nathan provide empirical evidence or further observations (beyond just the provided video) to support and prove their statement? (4 pts)
Question 18
18.
PE: Connection/Systems and System Models (Worth 7 points)
Using your knowledge of human body systems, choose two systems from the diagram that work closely together and are crucial for the body's energy processes.
a. Name two specific body systems from the diagram that rely heavily on each other. (1 pt)
b. Explain in detail how the parts of your chosen two systems are connected and how they work together to achieve an important goal for the body. (3 pts)
c. Describe why the combined work of these two systems is absolutely necessary for the human body to survive, produce energy, and perform all its complex activities. (3 pts)
Question 19
19.
The oil and vinegar in your salad dressing remain separate from one another due to the ____________ properties of the oil.
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
hydrogenated
saturated
Which of the following best explains why the human respiratory system can be classified as an open system?
It maintains a constant internal temperature, isolated from external atmospheric changes.
It continuously takes in matter (air, specifically oxygen) and energy, and expels matter (air, specifically carbon dioxide) and energy (heat).
It only allows for the transfer of energy, such as heat, across its boundaries, but not matter like gases.
It converts all inhaled matter into energy, ensuring no gaseous waste products are released back into the environment.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the intricate structural arrangement of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) within a cell?
DNA is a single, straight chain made of sugar and phosphate units, mainly used for quick energy in the cell.
DNA is a flexible part of cell membranes, made of fats and cholesterol, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.
DNA is a tightly folded, round protein, with its shape held by strong bonds between amino acids.
DNA is a double helix with two twisted strands. It has a sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside and specific bases (A pairs with T, G with C) linked by hydrogen bonds on the inside.
“Denaturation” refers to the process where one would:
Induce a protein to adopt a more intricate and functional three-dimensional configuration.
Change a protein's unique three-dimensional conformation, which subsequently leads to the impairment or loss of its normal biological activity.
Dismantle a protein entirely by severing all the bonds between its amino acid constituents.
Enhance a protein's structural integrity, rendering it more robust and impervious to environmental stressors.
The correct hierarchy of life is________________________________.
cell, tissue, unicellular organism
cell, tissue, organ, colony of cells
cell, tissue, organ systems, organ, multicellular
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, multicellular organism
Which of the following statements provides the most accurate comparison between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Both types of fats have triple bonds, but saturated fats have more oxygen, making them less stable.
Unsaturated fats have double bonds, causing them to be liquid at room temperature, while saturated fats have only single bonds and are solid at room temperature.
Saturated fats have double bonds and are usually liquid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats have only single bonds and are typically solid.
Saturated fats mainly come from plants and lower bad cholesterol, whereas unsaturated fats come mostly from animals and raise it.
Below is a picture of two organisms found in underwater environments.
Which of the following must be true of both organisms?
They are both composed of cells.
They contain blood.
They contain nerves.
They produce their own food.
Match the following characteristics of life with the correct scenario.
Metabolism
a bacteria and an elephant are both organisms and have similarities although an elephant is made of many while a bacteria is only made of one.
Adapt (Evolution)
a yeast cell produces more yeast by the process of budding
Response to Environment
the idea that a puppy will become an adult dog
Maintaince of Internal Environment (Homeostasis)
plants build up simple molecules into glucose to store energy
Reproduction
a herd of zebras take off running when a pride of lions start to hunt
Growth and Development
although it is hot outside a bald eagle constantly has a body temperature between 104-106 degrees Fahrenheit
Cell
whales were originally land animals
Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the fundamental action of a negative feedback mechanism within a biological system?
Its principal role involves intensifying a given response, thereby propelling the system into a state further removed from its original equilibrium.
Its operation involves detecting a shift from a set parameter and then initiating an opposing action or reversal of the initial change, assisting in bringing the system back towards its desired balance.
It exerts negligible (basically none) influence on the overall strength or total output generated by the system's reaction.
Its sole objective is to bring all system functions to a complete and irreversible halt once a predetermined operational limit is encountered.
Which of the following statements accurately matches a major biomolecule with its principal biological role?
Lipids: Their chief role involves the long-term storage of genetic blueprints and overseeing the creation of new proteins.
Proteins: These molecules primarily function as the body's most significant reserve for long-duration energy storage.
Carbohydrates: Their key function is to act as biological catalysts, known as enzymes, which accelerate the rates of biochemical reactions.
Nucleic Acids: They are essential for holding and passing on hereditary characteristics, as well as providing the instructions for building proteins.
Which characteristic of life pertains to the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism?
Cells
Reproduction
Metabolism
Growth and development
Which of the following statements accurately differentiates multicellular organization from unicellular organization?
Multicellular organisms are simple because their cells work alone, but unicellular organisms have highly specialized single cells.
Cells in multicellular organisms rely on each other and have specific jobs, so losing a few cells usually doesn't kill the whole organism. However, unicellular organisms are just one cell, so if that cell is damaged, the organism often dies.
Unicellular organisms form complex tissues and organs, while multicellular organisms are tiny and have no specialized cells.
If one cell dies in a multicellular organism, the whole organism dies, but unicellular organisms are tough and can survive single cell damage.
Which statement best defines what proteins are?
They are elongated chains composed of genetic building blocks called nucleotides, whose main role is to carry hereditary information.
They are substantial molecules formed from numerous amino acid units linked together by peptide bonds, which then fold into distinct three-dimensional shapes to execute a wide range of functions, including enzymatic catalysis, structural reinforcement, and material transport.
They are a category of fat molecules (lipids) that are integral to the formation of cell membranes and contribute to insulation and hormonal signaling within organisms.
They are large carbohydrate molecules that serve for prolonged energy storage, constructed from simple sugar subunits.
Question 14
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Question 16
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CER (Claim, Evidence, Reasoning) Worth 15 pts
Watch the above video about bees and their lives.
Question: Based on your observations of the video, construct a scientific argument to support or refute the claim that a honeybee hive operates as a biological system.
A. Claim: (3 point) State your position clearly: is a honeybee hive a biological system or not?
B. Evidence: (6 points) Provide specific, detailed observations from the video that support your claim. Your evidence should describe at least three aspects related to the hive's:
Components
Boundaries
Inputs of matter and energy
Outputs of matter and energy
C. Reasoning: (6 points) Explain how your evidence supports your claim by connecting your observations to the scientific definition of a system. Your reasoning must:
Clearly define the requirements of a biological system (elements, interactions, and purpose/function).
Explain how your specific evidence from the video directly relates to each of the system requirements you observed.
Make a clear comparison between the hive's observed characteristics and the established criteria for a system.
See the rubric to ensure you get the greatest amount of points for your answer.
At which point in your exercise would both meals supply the same amount of cellular energy?
1 1/2 hour
half hour
1 hour
2 hours
Which type of exercise would most likely benefit from a carbohydrate-rich meal?
taking a long walk with the family
400-meter sprint (a fast, short run)
10-mile run
playing in a baseball game
What would be the best title for the graph?
Impact of Carbohydrate Intake on Blood Glucose Levels Over Time.
Blood Glucose Concentration During Different Exercise Routines.
The process of carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the human body.
Long-term effects of diet on overall blood sugar regulation.