Done Honors Biology BM1 The Science and Chemistry of Biology

hydrophobic

hydrophilic

hydrogenated

saturated

It maintains a constant internal temperature, isolated from external atmospheric changes.

It continuously takes in matter (air, specifically oxygen) and energy, and expels matter (air, specifically carbon dioxide) and energy (heat).

It only allows for the transfer of energy, such as heat, across its boundaries, but not matter like gases.

It converts all inhaled matter into energy, ensuring no gaseous waste products are released back into the environment.

DNA is a single, straight chain made of sugar and phosphate units, mainly used for quick energy in the cell.

DNA is a flexible part of cell membranes, made of fats and cholesterol, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

DNA is a tightly folded, round protein, with its shape held by strong bonds between amino acids.

DNA is a double helix with two twisted strands. It has a sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside and specific bases (A pairs with T, G with C) linked by hydrogen bonds on the inside.

Induce a protein to adopt a more intricate and functional three-dimensional configuration.

Change a protein's unique three-dimensional conformation, which subsequently leads to the impairment or loss of its normal biological activity.

Dismantle a protein entirely by severing all the bonds between its amino acid constituents.

Enhance a protein's structural integrity, rendering it more robust and impervious to environmental stressors.

cell, tissue, unicellular organism

cell, tissue, organ, colony of cells

cell, tissue, organ systems, organ, multicellular

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, multicellular organism

Both types of fats have triple bonds, but saturated fats have more oxygen, making them less stable.

Unsaturated fats have double bonds, causing them to be liquid at room temperature, while saturated fats have only single bonds and are solid at room temperature.

Saturated fats have double bonds and are usually liquid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats have only single bonds and are typically solid.

Saturated fats mainly come from plants and lower bad cholesterol, whereas unsaturated fats come mostly from animals and raise it.

They are both composed of cells.

They contain blood.

They contain nerves.

They produce their own food.

Its principal role involves intensifying a given response, thereby propelling the system into a state further removed from its original equilibrium.

Its operation involves detecting a shift from a set parameter and then initiating an opposing action or reversal of the initial change, assisting in bringing the system back towards its desired balance.

It exerts negligible (basically none) influence on the overall strength or total output generated by the system's reaction.

Its sole objective is to bring all system functions to a complete and irreversible halt once a predetermined operational limit is encountered.

Lipids: Their chief role involves the long-term storage of genetic blueprints and overseeing the creation of new proteins.

Proteins: These molecules primarily function as the body's most significant reserve for long-duration energy storage.

Carbohydrates: Their key function is to act as biological catalysts, known as enzymes, which accelerate the rates of biochemical reactions.

Nucleic Acids: They are essential for holding and passing on hereditary characteristics, as well as providing the instructions for building proteins.

Cells

Reproduction

Metabolism

Growth and development

Multicellular organisms are simple because their cells work alone, but unicellular organisms have highly specialized single cells.

Cells in multicellular organisms rely on each other and have specific jobs, so losing a few cells usually doesn't kill the whole organism. However, unicellular organisms are just one cell, so if that cell is damaged, the organism often dies.

Unicellular organisms form complex tissues and organs, while multicellular organisms are tiny and have no specialized cells.

If one cell dies in a multicellular organism, the whole organism dies, but unicellular organisms are tough and can survive single cell damage.

They are elongated chains composed of genetic building blocks called nucleotides, whose main role is to carry hereditary information.

They are substantial molecules formed from numerous amino acid units linked together by peptide bonds, which then fold into distinct three-dimensional shapes to execute a wide range of functions, including enzymatic catalysis, structural reinforcement, and material transport.

They are a category of fat molecules (lipids) that are integral to the formation of cell membranes and contribute to insulation and hormonal signaling within organisms.

They are large carbohydrate molecules that serve for prolonged energy storage, constructed from simple sugar subunits.

taking a long walk with the family

400-meter sprint (a fast, short run)

10-mile run

playing in a baseball game

Impact of Carbohydrate Intake on Blood Glucose Levels Over Time.

Blood Glucose Concentration During Different Exercise Routines.

The process of carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the human body.

Long-term effects of diet on overall blood sugar regulation.