Done Honors Biology BM4 Photosynthesis

Last updated 6 days ago

18 questions

Note from the author:

Instructions

Please read carefully before choosing your answer.

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3

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3

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3

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3

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3

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3

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3

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3

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3

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3

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3

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3

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3

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15

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8

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6

Library

Done Honors Biology BM4 Photosynthesis

Last updated 6 days ago

18 questions

Note from the author:

NGSS Standards: HS-LS 1-5, 7  CCC Energy and Matter
DCI: LS-1.C

Multiple Choice 3 pts each.

Instructions

NGSS Standards: HS-LS 1-5, 7  CCC Energy and Matter
DCI: LS-1.C

Multiple Choice 3 pts each.

Please read carefully before choosing your answer.

Required

3

Required

3

Required

3

Required

3

Required

3

Required

3

Required

3

Required

3

Required

3

Required

3

Required

3

Use the diagram to answer numbers 12 and 13.

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3

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3

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3

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3

Required

15

CER (Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning) (worth 15 pts)

Information: The leading scientific hypothesis for the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs and a wide variety of other species 65 million years ago is a massive asteroid impact. Evidence from this period includes a global layer of iridium, an element rare on Earth but common in asteroids. This event is believed to have ejected vast amounts of dust, ash, and aerosols into the atmosphere, causing a prolonged "impact winter." Historical events, such as the 1815 eruption of Mt. Tambora, provide a small-scale analogue: this massive volcanic eruption ejected so much debris into the atmosphere that it significantly blocked sunlight, leading to global cooling, crop failure, and famine for over a year. Dinosaurs, being large ectothermic reptiles, would have been particularly vulnerable to sudden environmental changes.

Question: Using the provided information and your knowledge of biology, evaluate the hypothesis that a large asteroid impact led to the mass extinction of the dinosaurs.

A. Claim State your claim by answering the question. Use the word "because" in your answer to provide a brief rationale. (3 pts)

B. Evidence Provide at least three distinct pieces of evidence from the provided information that support your claim. You may use bullet points. (6 pts)

C. ReasoningUsing scientific principles, explain how your evidence supports your claim. Your reasoning must connect the effects of an asteroid impact to the concept of photosynthesis and the structure of food webs to explain the chain of events that could have led to a mass extinction. (6 pts)

See the rubric to ensure you get the greatest amount of points for your answer.

Required

8

Required

6

PE: Photosynthesis System/Data

Information: The graph displays a correlation between atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and global temperatures over the past 1,000 years. Following the industrial era (post-1800), a sharp increase in both variables is evident.

Plants and algae play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle by absorbing atmospheric CO2 during photosynthesis.

a. Cause and Effect (4 points)
Part 1: Describe the relationship between CO2 levels and temperature shown in the graph. (2 points)

b. Predicting Consequences (4 points)
Part 1: Explain the effect that the increase in atmospheric CO2 shown in the graph would have on the rate of photosynthesis. (2 points)

Part 2: How would a sustained increase in global temperature then affect aquatic ecosystems and the primary producers (algae) that live there? (Hint: homeostasis) (2 points)

NGSS Standards: HS-LS 1-5, 7  CCC Energy and Matter
DCI: LS-1.C

Multiple Choice 3 pts each.

NGSS Standards: HS-LS 1-5, 7  CCC Energy and Matter
DCI: LS-1.C

Multiple Choice 3 pts each.

What is the primary purpose of ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

To act as waste products that are released from the cell.

To power the Calvin cycle, which synthesizes glucose.

To be used as a primary source of energy for the cell's daily activities.

To generate heat that helps enzymes function.

How does the electron transport chain contribute to ATP production?

By absorbing light energy

By splitting water molecules

By producing NADPH

 By pumping hydrogen ions across a membrane

The Calvin cycle is a series of reactions that _____.

produce oxygen gas

assemble sugar molecules by fixing carbon

produce NADPH and ATP

convert light energy to chemical energy

The "photo-" part of the word photosynthesis refers to the _, whereas "-synthesis" refers to _.

Calvin cycle : carbon fixation

light reactions that occur in the thylakoids : carbon fixation

reactions in the stomata : the reactions in the thylakoids

Calvin cycle : the reactions in the stroma

The conversion of NADP+ to NADPH occurs with the assistance of an enzyme. Where do the electrons and energy for this process ultimately come from?

The splitting of water molecules and the light energy captured by photosystems.

The movement of protons (H+) through the electron transport chain.

The ATP produced by ATP synthase in the thylakoid membrane.

The breakdown of carbon dioxide molecules in the stroma.

A redox reaction involves the transfer of

an electron.

a proton.

water.

oxygen.

Hydrogen is a likely candidate in the search for a replacement for petroleum. However, removing hydrogen from water requires the investment of a great deal of energy. Why are plants considered to be one step ahead in the utilization of hydrogen as an alternative fuel source?

Plant cells break down carbohydrates to generate hydrogen.

Plant cells convert carbon to combustible hydrogen.

Plant cells harness the ATP produced during photosynthesis to split water.

Plant cells possess water-splitting enzymes.

A student is using a spectrophotometer to analyze the chemical composition of organelles isolated from a plant cell. They are given two samples, one from a granum and one from an inner mitochondrial membrane. How could the student most effectively determine which sample came from the granum?

Check for the folding pattern of the membrane.

Test for the presence of DNA.

Measure the rate of ATP production.

Analyze for the presence of photosynthetic pigments.

What is the likely origin of chloroplasts?

mitochondria that had a mutation for photosynthesis

prokaryotes with photosynthetic mitochondria

eukaryotes that engulfed photosynthetic fungi

photosynthetic prokaryotes that lived inside eukaryotic cells

Photoautotrophs are organisms that are critical to most ecosystems because they:

decompose dead organic matter, recycling nutrients.

consume other organisms to obtain energy and carbon.

produce organic molecules from inorganic sources, forming the base of the food web.

release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through cellular respiration.

In photosynthesis, experiments using radioactive tracers have definitively shown that the oxygen gas released as a byproduct comes from which reactant?

water

light

carbon dioxide

glucose

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the transformations of energy and matter that occur during photosynthesis?

Chemical energy is converted into light energy, and organic molecules are transformed into inorganic ones.

Light energy is converted into chemical energy, and inorganic molecules are used to produce organic ones.

Chemical energy is converted into thermal energy, and organic molecules are broken down into inorganic ones.

Thermal energy is converted into light energy, and matter is neither created nor destroyed.

It has been suggested that scientists should attempt to genetically engineer a plant to have black leaves so that it would perform photosynthesis more efficiently. What is the likely reason behind this idea?

A black plant would absorb green wavelengths like most plants but would absorb them more efficiently.

A black plant would reflect all wavelengths and therefore have more energy to drive photosynthesis.

A black plant would absorb all wavelengths and therefore absorb more light energy that powers photosynthesis.

Black plants would heat up faster and therefore all chemical reactions including photosynthesis would operate faster.

CER (Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning) (worth 15 pts)

Information: The leading scientific hypothesis for the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs and a wide variety of other species 65 million years ago is a massive asteroid impact. Evidence from this period includes a global layer of iridium, an element rare on Earth but common in asteroids. This event is believed to have ejected vast amounts of dust, ash, and aerosols into the atmosphere, causing a prolonged "impact winter." Historical events, such as the 1815 eruption of Mt. Tambora, provide a small-scale analogue: this massive volcanic eruption ejected so much debris into the atmosphere that it significantly blocked sunlight, leading to global cooling, crop failure, and famine for over a year. Dinosaurs, being large ectothermic reptiles, would have been particularly vulnerable to sudden environmental changes.

Question: Using the provided information and your knowledge of biology, evaluate the hypothesis that a large asteroid impact led to the mass extinction of the dinosaurs.

A. Claim State your claim by answering the question. Use the word "because" in your answer to provide a brief rationale. (3 pts)

B. Evidence Provide at least three distinct pieces of evidence from the provided information that support your claim. You may use bullet points. (6 pts)

C. ReasoningUsing scientific principles, explain how your evidence supports your claim. Your reasoning must connect the effects of an asteroid impact to the concept of photosynthesis and the structure of food webs to explain the chain of events that could have led to a mass extinction. (6 pts)

See the rubric to ensure you get the greatest amount of points for your answer.

CCC: Matter and Energy

Information: You are designing an experiment to investigate how different wavelengths of light affect the rate of photosynthesis. Your setup includes three containers, each with a small aquatic plant in water with a known initial concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide.
Container A: Placed under normal sunlight (as a control).
Container B: Placed under green light.
Container C: Placed under red light.
The experiment will be conducted for a 24-hour period, and the decrease in dissolved
CO2 concentration will be used as a substitute for the rate of photosynthesis.

A. Explain the Process (4 points)

Explain the biological process by which these different wavelengths of light will create differences in the amount of chemical energy (glucose) produced in each container. In your answer, reference the role of photosynthetic pigments and the concept of an absorption spectrum.

B. Add a Fourth Container and Predict Results (4 points)

Suggest a fourth container (Container D) using a wavelength of light different from A, B, or C.
Explain which specific color of light you would choose and why it would be valuable for fully testing how light color affects photosynthesis. You will want to include a model of your experimental setup.

Then, rank the four containers (A, B, C, and D) from highest to lowest predicted rate of photosynthesis (i.e., the greatest to least decrease in CO2 concentration). Justify your ranking using the concepts of photosynthetic pigments and the absorption spectrum.

PE: Photosynthesis System/Data

Information: The graph displays a correlation between atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and global temperatures over the past 1,000 years. Following the industrial era (post-1800), a sharp increase in both variables is evident.

Plants and algae play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle by absorbing atmospheric CO2 during photosynthesis.

a. Cause and Effect (4 points)
Part 1: Describe the relationship between CO2 levels and temperature shown in the graph. (2 points)

b. Predicting Consequences (4 points)
Part 1: Explain the effect that the increase in atmospheric CO2 shown in the graph would have on the rate of photosynthesis. (2 points)

Part 2: How would a sustained increase in global temperature then affect aquatic ecosystems and the primary producers (algae) that live there? (Hint: homeostasis) (2 points)

What is the primary purpose of ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

To act as waste products that are released from the cell.

To power the Calvin cycle, which synthesizes glucose.

To be used as a primary source of energy for the cell's daily activities.

To generate heat that helps enzymes function.

How does the electron transport chain contribute to ATP production?

By absorbing light energy

By splitting water molecules

By producing NADPH

 By pumping hydrogen ions across a membrane

The Calvin cycle is a series of reactions that _____.

produce oxygen gas

assemble sugar molecules by fixing carbon

produce NADPH and ATP

convert light energy to chemical energy

The "photo-" part of the word photosynthesis refers to the _____, whereas "-synthesis" refers to _____.

Calvin cycle : carbon fixation

light reactions that occur in the thylakoids : carbon fixation

reactions in the stomata : the reactions in the thylakoids

Calvin cycle : the reactions in the stroma

The conversion of NADP+ to NADPH occurs with the assistance of an enzyme. Where do the electrons and energy for this process ultimately come from?

The splitting of water molecules and the light energy captured by photosystems.

The movement of protons (H+) through the electron transport chain.

The ATP produced by ATP synthase in the thylakoid membrane.

The breakdown of carbon dioxide molecules in the stroma.

A redox reaction involves the transfer of

an electron.

a proton.

water.

oxygen.

Hydrogen is a likely candidate in the search for a replacement for petroleum. However, removing hydrogen from water requires the investment of a great deal of energy. Why are plants considered to be one step ahead in the utilization of hydrogen as an alternative fuel source?

Plant cells break down carbohydrates to generate hydrogen.

Plant cells convert carbon to combustible hydrogen.

Plant cells harness the ATP produced during photosynthesis to split water.

Plant cells possess water-splitting enzymes.

A student is using a spectrophotometer to analyze the chemical composition of organelles isolated from a plant cell. They are given two samples, one from a granum and one from an inner mitochondrial membrane. How could the student most effectively determine which sample came from the granum?

Check for the folding pattern of the membrane.

Test for the presence of DNA.

Measure the rate of ATP production.

Analyze for the presence of photosynthetic pigments.

What is the likely origin of chloroplasts?

mitochondria that had a mutation for photosynthesis

prokaryotes with photosynthetic mitochondria

eukaryotes that engulfed photosynthetic fungi

photosynthetic prokaryotes that lived inside eukaryotic cells

Photoautotrophs are organisms that are critical to most ecosystems because they:

decompose dead organic matter, recycling nutrients.

consume other organisms to obtain energy and carbon.

produce organic molecules from inorganic sources, forming the base of the food web.

release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through cellular respiration.

In photosynthesis, experiments using radioactive tracers have definitively shown that the oxygen gas released as a byproduct comes from which reactant?

water

light

carbon dioxide

glucose

Refer to diagram: A biologist analyzing the structure of a chloroplast would locate the primary site of light absorption and electron transport in a:

lipid bilayer that separates the stroma from the inner thylakoid space.

free-floating enzyme in the stroma that catalyzes carbon fixation.

small molecule that shuttles electrons between photosystems.

protein complex embedded within the thylakoid membrane.

The initial energy source for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis directly drives which of the following processes?

ATP synthesis

creation of gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane

reduction of NADP+ molecules

transfer of energy from pigment-to-pigment molecule

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the transformations of energy and matter that occur during photosynthesis?

Chemical energy is converted into light energy, and organic molecules are transformed into inorganic ones.

Light energy is converted into chemical energy, and inorganic molecules are used to produce organic ones.

Chemical energy is converted into thermal energy, and organic molecules are broken down into inorganic ones.

Thermal energy is converted into light energy, and matter is neither created nor destroyed.

It has been suggested that scientists should attempt to genetically engineer a plant to have black leaves so that it would perform photosynthesis more efficiently. What is the likely reason behind this idea?

A black plant would absorb green wavelengths like most plants but would absorb them more efficiently.

A black plant would reflect all wavelengths and therefore have more energy to drive photosynthesis.

A black plant would absorb all wavelengths and therefore absorb more light energy that powers photosynthesis.

Black plants would heat up faster and therefore all chemical reactions including photosynthesis would operate faster.

CCC: Matter and Energy

Information: You are designing an experiment to investigate how different wavelengths of light affect the rate of photosynthesis. Your setup includes three containers, each with a small aquatic plant in water with a known initial concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide.
Container A: Placed under normal sunlight (as a control).
Container B: Placed under green light.
Container C: Placed under red light.
The experiment will be conducted for a 24-hour period, and the decrease in dissolved
CO2​ concentration will be used as a substitute for the rate of photosynthesis.

A. Explain the Process (4 points)

Explain the biological process by which these different wavelengths of light will create differences in the amount of chemical energy (glucose) produced in each container. In your answer, reference the role of photosynthetic pigments and the concept of an absorption spectrum.

B. Add a Fourth Container and Predict Results (4 points)

Suggest a fourth container (Container D) using a wavelength of light different from A, B, or C. 
Explain which specific color of light you would choose and why it would be valuable for fully testing how light color affects photosynthesis. You will want to include a model of your experimental setup.

Then, rank the four containers (A, B, C, and D) from highest to lowest predicted rate of photosynthesis (i.e., the greatest to least decrease in CO2 concentration). Justify your ranking using the concepts of photosynthetic pigments and the absorption spectrum.

Refer to diagram: A biologist analyzing the structure of a chloroplast would locate the primary site of light absorption and electron transport in a:

lipid bilayer that separates the stroma from the inner thylakoid space.

free-floating enzyme in the stroma that catalyzes carbon fixation.

small molecule that shuttles electrons between photosystems.

protein complex embedded within the thylakoid membrane.

The initial energy source for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis directly drives which of the following processes?

ATP synthesis

creation of gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane

reduction of NADP+ molecules

transfer of energy from pigment-to-pigment molecule