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Done Honors Biology BM11 Evolution

Last updated 4 months ago

17 questions

Note from the author:

Instructions

Please read carefully before choosing your answer.

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Free Response

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Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning

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CCC: Patterns and Cause/Effect
NGSS Standards: HS-LS4-1,2,4,5

Multiple Choice are worth 3 points each.

CCC: Patterns and Cause/Effect
NGSS Standards: HS-LS4-1,2,4,5

Multiple Choice are worth 3 points each.

Question 1

1.

Other Answer Choices:

natural selection

unity

modification

diversity

offspring

adaptations

inherited traits

Question 2

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Question 16

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CCC: Patterns

Reflect on the statement, "By studying the evidence of evolution, scientists continue to deepen our understanding of how life on Earth has evolved and diversified over millions of years."

a. Explain how scientists have used the patterns they have observed in the evidence of evolution to deepen our understanding of the past and future on Earth..

Question 17

17.

CER/Data:

Listed below is a segment of an amino acid sequence for the protein hemoglobin, which is found on our blood cells. Hemoglobin transports oxygen in our bloodstream. Included is a portion of the sequences for humans, gorillas, horses, and kangaroos, and chickens.

Under Show Your Work is the same list and a chart for you to complete to help you answer the following question.

Which two organisms are the most closely relate?

Claim: Answer the question above.
Evidence: Use the information given (list and chart) as your evidence.
Resonsing: Explain why your data supports your claim. This question would be most
complete if you compare the "most closely" to other data.

See the rubric to ensure you get the greatest amount of points for your answer.

Observation of natural selection in action

Fossil record

Biogeography

Anatomical and molecular homologies

Why was Darwin's acceptance of an ancient, continuously changing Earth so important in his development of his ideas about evolution?

Darwin hypothesized that as Earth changed, a divine force replaced the existing species with new species that were perfectly suited to the new environment.

Darwin hypothesized that as Earth changed due to volcanic eruptions, new species would appear from deep within the Earth.

He had to accept that Earth could change in order to also accept that organisms can change.

Darwin hypothesized that species changed gradually, over long spans of time, in response to diverse and changing habitats.

Which of the following statements regarding natural selection is false?

Natural selection starts with the creation of new alleles that are directed toward improving an organism's fitness.

Natural selection can be observed working in organisms alive today.

Natural selection and evolutionary change can occur in a short period of time (a few generations).

Natural selection depends on the local environment at the current time.

Which of the following best expresses the concept of natural selection?

a process of constant improvement, leading eventually to perfection

inheritance of acquired characteristics

reproductive success influenced by inherited characteristics

change in response to need

A dog breeder wishes to develop a breed that does not bark. She starts with a diverse mixture of dogs. Generation after generation, she allows only the quietest dogs to breed. After 30 years of work she has a new breed of dog with interesting traits, but on average, the dogs still bark at about the same rate as other dog breeds. Which of the following would be a logical explanation for her failure?

There is a great deal of variation for the trait (barking).

Quiet dogs have fewer pups than barkers.

The tendency to bark is not a heritable trait.

The selection was artificial, not natural, so it did not produce evolutionary change.

During the 1950s, a scientist named Lysenko tried to solve the food shortages in the Soviet Union by breeding wheat that could grow in Siberia. He theorized that if individual wheat plants were exposed to cold, they would develop additional cold tolerance and pass it to their offspring. Based on the ideas of artificial and natural selection, do you think this project worked as planned?

No, because Lysenko took his wheat seeds straight to Siberia instead of exposing them incrementally to cold.

Yes, because this is generally the method used by plant breeders to develop new crops.

Yes; the wheat probably evolved better cold tolerance over time through inheritance of characteristics the individuals gained during their lifetime.

No, because there was no process of selection based on inherited traits. Lysenko assumed that exposure could induce a plant to develop additional cold tolerance and that this tolerance would be passed to the plant's offspring.

The finches on the Galapagos island were similar in form except for variations of their beaks. Darwin observed that these variations were useful for:

attracting a mate

 building nests

defending territory

gathering food

Under the biological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that

share a recent common ancestor.

live together in a location and carry out identical ecological roles.

have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring.

are physically similar.

Which of the following is a true statement about Charles Darwin?

He based his theory on the inheritance of acquired characteristics.

He was the first to discover that living things can change, or evolve.

He worked out the principles of population genetics.

He proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution.

Any variation that can help an organism survive in its environment is called a(n):

competition

characteristic

vestigial structure

adaptation

Humans share several features with salamanders. Certain genes and proteins are nearly identical between the two species; both species have four limbs with a similar skeletal structure; the species' early embryos are similar; and where the salamander has a functional tail, humans have a vestigial tailbone. In evolutionary terms, these are examples of _______________________________.

adaptation by natural selection.

geographic similarity.

artificial selection.

homology.

Which of the following assumptions or observations is not part of Darwin's idea of natural selection?

Heritable traits that promote successful reproduction should gradually become more common in a population.

Whether an organism survives and reproduces is almost entirely a matter of random chance.

Organisms compete for limited resources.

Populations produce more offspring than their environment can support.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?

 inheritance of parents' talents

competition for food and space

survival and reproduction

variation among species

A structure that seems to serve no purpose in an organism is called:

 fossilized

dichotomous

homologous

vestigial