11EC Chapter 22 23 Labour Market Booklet

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Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Availability of substitutes		Derived demand i.e. the demand for labour comes from the demand for the goods and services
Migration		In some industries, people can be replaced by machines
Productivity of labour		If every worker is able to produce more output, demand for workers is likely to increase because production become more profitable
Other employment costs		For example, national insurance contributions, sick pay, maternity pay
Population size		As the population grows, more people will be available to work
Demand for the product		Many countries welcome immigrants to help increase the working population
Age distribution of the population		In most developed countries in the world, there is an aging population. This means the dependency ratio (the proportion of dependents (non-workers) to workers in the population) is rising
Wage rate		In some countries, the retirement age is rising. This means people have to work for longer before they are entitled to a state pension
Wage determination		Any change to the school leaving age can affect the number of people in the population who are available to work
Retirement age		Over the past 50 years, an increasing number of women have decided to work due to fairer treatment stemming from changes in society
School leaving age		People can become more employable if they have better skills and qualifications
Female participation		The amount of money paid to workers for their services over a period of time (the price of labour)
Skills and qualifications		This is the process of figuring out how much workers should be paid through negotiations with trade unions, skills, supply, demand, government rules