Read the play. Then answer the questions that follow.
In 1492, the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus believed he could find a shorter route to India. In this scene from a play, Columbus asks King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain for ships to sail to the west.
from Christopher Columbus
PLACE: Spain. Court of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.
KING FERDINAND, King of Spain
QUEEN ISABELLA, Queen of Spain
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, the Italian explorer
1 [Many COURTIERS and LADIES are seen in audience-room of palace; a throne is in the background. Enter the FIRST COURTIER.]
2 FIRST COURTIER: The King and Queen!
3 [Enter KING FERDINAND and QUEEN ISABELLA, followed by COURTIERS, LADIES and the WISE MEN. All bow as the King and Queen cross to throne and sit. Enter the MONK; he advances to throne and bows.]
4 KING: Speak, good Father.
5 MONK: I pray your Majesties to see one Christopher Columbus.
6 KING: [inquiringly] Columbus?
7 MONK: The Italian who thinks he can find a short route to the Indies, sire.
8 KING: [nodding] Ah, I remember. You brought his plans to us some time ago, good Father.
9 QUEEN: [nodding] Let us see him to-day, sire.
10 KING: [to FIRST COURTIER] Admit this Christopher Columbus.
11 [A Courtier admits COLUMBUS. He kneels before the King.]
12 KING: Rise, Columbus, and tell us what you seek.
13 COLUMBUS: [rising] Ships, sire, to prove the plans which I did send your Majesties; plans for sailing in the unknown seas.
14 QUEEN: They seemed to me most wise and sensible.
15 COLUMBUS: [with joy] Ah, your Majesty believes with me?
16 KING: [hastily] I’d have our Wise Men speak. Unfold your maps before them, sir.
17 [COLUMBUS crosses to WISE MEN and unfolds a map before them. They look at it, shake their heads and laugh.]
18 COLUMBUS: [with dignity] I propose to sail by this route to find that eastern land.
19 FIRST WISE MAN: Ha, ha! I never heard anything so absurd! He’d sail west to find the east! Ha, ha!
20 SECOND WISE MAN: [pointing to map] The edge of the world is out there in those strange waters! And you are willing to fall off with your ships into space, sir?
21 COLUMBUS: I’m sure the water continues—
22 THIRD WISE MAN: [interrupting] How could there be land beyond? ’T would be under us, and the trees would have to grow their roots in the air.
23 [WISE MEN nod wisely.]
24 SECOND WISE MAN: And the rain must needs fall upward there!
25 ALL WISE MEN: [nodding wisely] Aye! Aye!
26 QUEEN: I’ve heard you did lay your plans before King John of Portugal?
27 COLUMBUS: I did, your Majesty.
28 KING: That was bad for you, Columbus. King John sent ships, but they soon returned.
29 [Turning to CAPTAIN RIVERRA.]
30 KING: Was not that the way of it, Captain? You sailed with them, I believe?
31 RIVERRA: Yes, sire. But the failure came because the sailors were afraid and refused to go on. . . .
32 QUEEN: Would you sail again with this man as your leader, Captain?
33 RIVERRA: I would, your Majesty! I believe not in the monsters and the edge.
34 QUEEN: Nor I! Let’s provide the ships, sire.