Chapter 12: Lesson 12.3 Preventing Diseases

Last updated 8 days ago

10 questions

Required

Chapter 12: Lesson 12.3 Preventing Diseases

Last updated 8 days ago

10 questions

Required

Preventing Communicable Diseases
As you learned, _______  called _______  cause _______  diseases. Bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens can travel among living things and objects (Figure 12.21). How can you protect yourself from something you cannot even see? The task may seem impossible, but you can use a few simple actions to ensure _______  do not make you sick. You can prevent communicable diseases by washing your hands frequently, using _______  etiquette, practicing food sanitation, and getting regular vaccines.

Required

Hand Washing
What have you touched today? Nearly everything you touch, from doorknobs to your pet, contains _______  that transfer to your hands. Now think about everything you do with your hands. When you eat with dirty hands, pathogens you pick up from other objects enter your body with the food. _______  on a regular basis, and in certain situations, can eliminate pathogens and prevent _______ . Figure 12.22 lists occasions to wash your hands.

_______  is the most important method of preventing many communicable diseases. Washing your hands is a simple action you can take to prevent germs on your hands from making you sick. Always use running water and soap to wash your hands. Rub your hands together, scrubbing every surface, for _______ . To make sure you are washing your hands for at _______ , hum or sing the “Happy Birthday” song twice. After 20 seconds of scrubbing, rinse your hands under warm running water. Then air-dry your hands or pat them dry with a clean towel.

Required

Respiratory Etiquette
In Lesson 12.1, you learned that communicable diseases, such as the _______  and _______ , can infect people through droplet spread. _______  spread occurs when pathogens travel in droplets of fluid created by coughing, sneezing, and talking. Doctors recommend that people practice _______  to prevent spreading diseases through droplet spread. Respiratory etiquette is the practice of covering your _______  with a tissue while coughing or sneezing, or sneezing into your sleeve (Figure 12.23). Use respiratory etiquette when you are sick to help the people around you avoid getting sick.

Required

Food Sanitation
The _______  of pathogens through contaminated food, water, and surfaces can cause some dangerous communicable diseases. You can adopt certain food safety practices, known as _______ , to maintain the safety of the food you handle and eat. Food sanitation practices include refrigerating and freezing certain foods, cooking meat thoroughly, and _______  and fruits (Figure 12.24).

Required

Vaccines
_______  is the only proven method of successfully getting rid of a communicable disease. For example, the highly contagious, _______  smallpox was eliminated by vaccination. In the next few years, vaccines will probably conquer polio, which has caused _______  in many people throughout history.

A vaccine is a substance that contains a dead or nontoxic part of a _______  that is injected into a person to train the immune system to eliminate the live pathogen. A doctor or another _______  will administer a vaccine through an injection. When injected into a person, the _______ causes an immune response in the body. This means the person’s body produces _______ , _______ , and _______  that fight infections. The vaccine is the body’s first encounter with the pathogen. The body’s immune response to the vaccine is like a rehearsal for when the body encounters the real pathogen.

The dead _______  or part of a pathogen in the vaccine cannot cause an illness, but it makes the person’s body familiar with the illness. After getting a vaccine, a person’s body will recognize the pathogen included in the _______ . If a person encounters the real, disease-causing pathogen, the immune system will respond strongly and quickly. When exposed to a pathogen after _______ , the body knows how to react to the pathogen.

Required

Preventing Noncommunicable Diseases
Pathogens do not cause _______ . Instead, family history, environment, and lifestyle choices contribute to the development of noncommunicable diseases. People cannot avoid chronic conditions such as _______ , _______ , _______ , and _______  through hand washing or food sanitation. Making healthy lifestyle choices early in life can help you prevent noncommunicable diseases (Figure 12.26).

Required

Heart Disease
_______  occurs as a result of damage to structures such as the _______ . The best method of prevention is making _______  that protect your blood vessels and heart. One important lifestyle choice is eating a _______ . Including more _______  and _______  and fewer processed foods in your diet can improve heart health. Engaging in regular moderate _______  can also help you avoid heart disease. Getting regular physical activity will keep your _______  and your _______  system working properly.

Maintaining a healthy weight also reduces the risk of heart disease. Eating a healthy diet and being physically active can help you manage your weight. In addition, avoiding tobacco and alcohol increases heart health. Making these healthy lifestyle choices can reduce your risk of developing heart disease.

Required

Cancer
Maintaining a _______  is also important for _______ . To reduce your risk for cancer, be sure to maintain a _______  and eat a _______ . Physical activity is also important. In addition, each of the common types of cancer can be prevented using _______  strategies (Figure 12.27).

Required

Chronic Respiratory Diseases
_______  diseases include _______ , _______ , and _______ . The main causes of bronchitis and emphysema include _______  and _______  in the home or workplace. You can reduce your risk of developing bronchitis or emphysema by avoiding these substances. In addition, early detection of bronchitis and emphysema can prevent these diseases from getting worse and leading to COPD. Once a _______  is detected, a person who smokes or vapes should stop immediately and reduce exposure to substances that cause COPD.

People cannot prevent the development of asthma. People can manage the symptoms of asthma, however, by taking care of their respiratory system. For example, people can manage asthma by _______  or situations that _______  asthma attacks. In addition, medicine can reduce asthma attacks and improve a person’s breathing.

Required

Diabetes
Risk factors for _______  include having a physically inactive lifestyle and being _______  or obese. The best way to prevent type 2 diabetes is to avoid these risk factors. Maintaining a _______  can help reduce your risk of this disease. Eating a healthy diet and getting regular moderate physical activity can help you manage your weight.

Since _______  is an autoimmune disease, it cannot be prevented through lifestyle choices. People with this disease can manage it, however, by following doctor recommendations.