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Hydrosphere & Atmosphere Unit Test

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Last updated 8 months ago
34 questions
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Question 1
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***Learning is about the process, not necessarily the outcome. I made my best individual effort and I have not given nor received any unauthorized assistance on this assignment. All of the work presented is my own. I understand that violation of this may result in a zero on the test.***

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Question 15
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Match the term with its correct location within the water cycle.
Other Answer Choices:
Precipitation
Advection
Condensation
Evaporation
Freshwater
Transpiration
Sublimation
Collection
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Question 34
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Identify the two elements that are chemically bonded to form water.
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Helium
Hydrogen
Carbon
Match the following
High Specific Heat
Water molecules are attracted to each other
Cohesion
Water molecules are attracted to other objects
Adhesion
Causes objects to expand and contract which can contribute to global sea level rise
Thermal Expansion
Water's ability to resist change in temperature/ This provides protection for aquatic ecosystems and for organisms' cells & tissues
Which properties of polar ocean water likely drive the movement of ocean currents around the globe?
temperature and salinity only
salinity only
temperature, salinity, and density
temperature and density only
Some ocean currents are caused by differences in the density of water from the poles to the equator around the globe. What two factors cause differences in ocean water density?
differences in the amount of dissolved salts and gravity
differences in water temperature and phases of the moon
differences in water temperature and amount of dissolved salts
differences in water temperature and wind
Which correctly represents the distribution of water on Earth?
3% freshwater, 97% salt water
97% freshwater, 3% salt water
29% freshwater, 71% salt water
71% freshwater, 29% salt water
The ozone layer contributes to all of the following EXCEPT:
Traps heat on the earth
Blocks radiation
Contributes to the global warming effect
Plant growth
Which of these events would affect the climate?
Thawing glaciers
The shape of the path of the Earth around the sun
All of the above
Volcanic eruptions
The greenhouse effect is caused by......
Too much heat in the atmosphere
Too much sunshine reaching Earth
Greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere absorbing incoming short-wave solar radiation
Greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere absorbing long-wave radiation from the Earth's surface, and preventing some of it from escaping into space
Without the natural greenhouse effect, Earth’s atmosphere would be _____ to support life.
lacking of oxygen
too wet
too cold
too hot
What is primarily responsible for the current rate of climate change?
Volcanic activity
Solar radiation
Human activities
Natural cycles
Match the greenhouse gases with their descriptions/source.
Methane
(NO2) Excessive use of fertilizer in agriculture.
Emissions from vehicles exhaust and coal fired power plants.
Chlorofluorocarbons
(CO2) Burning Fossil Fuels for Energy and Deforestation
Carbon Dioxide
(CH4) Emissions from livestock production, natural product of decomposition
Ground level Ozone
(CFC) Comes from refrigerants, aerosol propellants, and packaging foaming products
Nitrogen Oxides
(O3) Forms from the chemical reaction between Nitrogen Oxides and VOCs
What is the albedo effect?
The process of greenhouse gases trapping heat in the atmosphere
The reflection of solar radiation back into space by Earth's surfaces
The absorption of heat by ocean currents
The process of heat transfer through convection
Which surface has the highest albedo?
Fresh snow
Bare soil
Dark forest canopy
Ocean Water
Which mechanism of heat transfer is LEAST significant in the water cycle?
Conduction
Convection
Evaporation
Radiation
The global conveyor belt (thermohaline circulation) is primarily driven by:
Wind Patterns
Temperature & Salinity Differences
Gravitational Forces
Solar Radiation
How do ocean currents contribute to global climate regulation?
By completing stopping heat transfer
By absorbing heat near the equator and transporting warmth to cooler regions
By creating permanent ice formations
By increasing atmospheric temperature
Why do dark oceans absorb more solar radiation compared to polar regions?
Dark colors reflect less light and absorb more heat
Polar regions have more water molecules
Dark surfaces have more molecules
Dark oceans are deeper
The Gulf Stream primarily influences:
Antarctic Climate
Western European temperatures
Tropical marine ecosystems
North American rainfall patterns
Convection Currents in water are characterized by:
Stationary water molecules
Uniform temperature distribution
Warm water rising and cool water sinking
Constant horizontal movement
Global Warming Potential (GWP) helps scientist understand: (HINT: Think Keeling Curve)
The exact temperature of the planet
A gas's heat-trapping ability compared to CO2 over 100 years
The total number of greenhouse gases
Precise weather patterns
Why do CO2 levels fluctuate seasonally?
Due to industrial production cycles
Because of Earth's natural "breathing" through plant photosynthesis
Random atmospheric changes
Solar radiation variations
The Keeling Curve was first established by measuring CO2 levels at:
Mount Everest
Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii
The North Pole
The Amazon Rainforest
Saltwater intrusion typically occurs due to:
Excessive Rainfall
Over-pumping of groundwater or prolonged drought
Industrial waste dumping
Increased river flow
Point Source Pollution is characterized by:
Being impossible to trace
Originating from multiple sources
Having a single, identifiable origin
Always occurring in rural areas
Nonpoint Source Pollution is characterized by:
Being impossible to trace
Originating from multiple sources
Having a single, identifiable origin
Always occurring in rural areas
Which statement about water conservation is most accurate?
Water is an unlimited resource
Water consumption does not impact future availability
Water is renewable but can be polluted
Only urban areas need to conserve water
Which of the following best explains why hurricanes typically form over tropical oceans?
Cold water temperatures create wind patterns
Warm ocean waters provide energy for storm development
Arctic ocean currents generate spinning winds
Coastal mountain ranges trigger storm formation
When a hurricane's eye forms, what is scientifically happening in that central region?
Maximum wind speeds are occurring
The most intense rainfall is happening
A calm, clear area develops with descending air
Lightning strikes are most frequent
What makes the eye wall of a hurricane particularly dangerous?
It contains the most intense winds and rains
It is completely calm
It generates the most lightning
It produces the lowest air pressure
How do warm ocean temperatures contribute to hurricane development?
They create low pressure at the ocean's surface
They prevent wind formation
They cool surrounding air masses
They reduce moisture in the atmosphere
These options list some behaviors of water that might be observed in nature or a science class. Select all of the behaviors that are examples of adhesion.
vaporizing from a body of water on a cold morning
moving up a paper towel when cleaning a spill
Climbing the side of a glass graduated cylinder
sinking below a layer of oil in a beaker
The table shows the concentrations of two greenhouse gases in the atmosphere recorded in 1850 and 1986 and the estimated values for the year 2100.


Based on the data, what can be predicted about the likely effect of greenhouse gases on Earth’s future climate?
The temperature of Earth will not change, and the climate will remain the same.
The temperature of Earth will vary, and the climate will remain the same.
The temperature of Earth will likely increase, and the climate will be warmer than the present.
The temperature of Earth will likely decrease, and the climate will be cooler than the present.