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📝 #8 Area 51

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Last updated over 1 year ago
27 questions
Area 51
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On the Hunt for UFOs with Alien Conspiracy Theorists
Area 51 is located 120 miles (200 kilometers) northwest of Las Vegas, near the small towns of Rachel and Hiko. The title "Area 51" seems to come from the designation the base had on Atomic Energy Commission maps, with this name sticking in the mind of the public but mostly unused by the military.

Established in 1955 as part of the Nevada Test and Training Range complex, the area was also given the name "Paradise Ranch" in an attempt by aerospace company Lockheed (now Lockheed Martin) to draw employees to the base.

Today, the base and the wider Nevada Test and Training Range complex are part of the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), with the CIA referring to it as the Groom Lake and Homey Airport. Though satellite imagery of the site had been restricted, since 2018 the base has been visible on Google Maps.
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Benjamin Radford is an American folklorist, writer, investigator and skeptic who's authored more than 20 books, including "Scientific Paranormal Investigation: How to Solve Unexplained Mysteries;" "Tracking the Chupacabra: The Vampire Beast in Fact, Fiction and Folklore;" and "Mysterious New Mexico: Miracles, Magic, and Monsters in the Land of Enchantment." He's also deputy editor of Skeptical Inquirer magazine and has written several articles regarding the conspiracy theories surrounding Area 51.

"The base itself is fairly small, but the restricted area around it is over 90,000 acres [36,000 hectares]  —  partly to prevent prying eyes and partly because they need to test classified aircraft," Radford told Space.com. "It's mostly conspiracy theorists and media who call it Area 51. To the U.S. government, it's simply the Nevada Test and Training Range, part of Edwards Air Force Base."
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The U.S military finally acknowledged the existence of Area 51 in 2013 after a formerly classified CIA document detailing the history of the U-2 spy plane was obtained by the National Security Archive at George Washington University.

But that acknowledgment doesn't mean that a visit to the base is advisable. Radford said that there are still legitimate government and military reasons for keeping the base's activities secret.

"The military classifies Area 51 as a 'Military Operating Area.' On the ground, you'll encounter stern signs and armed guards patrolling the fenced perimeters guarded by buried motion sensors, cameras, guards and so on  —  plus signs warning that deadly force is authorized," Radford explained. "The borders of Area 51 are not fenced but are marked with orange poles and warning signs."

Such signs tell visitors that photos aren't allowed and that trespassing on the property will result in a fine, he added.

Originally used as a testing site for the U-2 spy plane, the base would go on to be used for the testing of other well-known aircraft such as the Archangel-12, the SR-71 Blackbird and the F-117 Nighthawk stealth fighter.
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The testing of new and secretive military aircraft is likely responsible for much of the connection between Area 51 and UFOs, especially when considering that the term "UFO" doesn't directly refer to alien spacecraft, despite how it is often perceived in pop culture.

"It's true that strange lights and aircraft can sometimes be spotted in the area, so it's an obvious leap to UFOs, but of course, new aircraft might look identical," Radford explained. "The basic, flawed premise behind the Area 51 mythology can be boiled down to this: The government won't reveal what's going on there, so it must be something ultra-super-amazingly secret."

What we call Area 51, he added, is only one of many military bases, national laboratories and government scientific research centers across the country that deal with classified  — even Top Secret  — information, and where workers and visitors need security clearances.

"There's no reason to think that anything UFO-related is going on," Radford said.
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According to Radford, what is the basic, flawed premise behind Area 51 conspiracy theories?

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Aside from the sightings of strange craft, Area 51 mythology was enforced in 1989 when a man named Robert Lazar claimed that he worked on extraterrestrial technology inside the base.

Lazar told Las Vegas television reporter George Knapp that he had viewed autopsy photographs of aliens inside Area 51 and that the US government used the facility to examine recovered alien spacecraft. Lazar himself was discredited, but his claims resulted in numerous government conspiracy theories, most of which involve extraterrestrial life.

"A lot of the legend has been fueled by hoaxers like Robert Lazar, who appeared in the 1980s telling a story to TV stations that he worked there and saw alien bodies and crashed flying saucers first-hand," Radford recalled. "It got a lot of attention, but it was later revealed that he fabricated not only his employment at Nellis [Air Force Base in southern Nevada] but indeed his entire background. Almost nothing of what he said was true."

Lazar had set the ball rolling, however. No matter how fallacious the rumors of alien tech and Area 51 were, the connection was cemented into the public consciousness and pop culture.

Source: What is Area 51?
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In what state can you find Area 51?
Arizona
Nevada
New Mexico
Utah
In what decade was Area 51 established?
1970s
2010s
1950s
1930s
Satellite imagery of Area 51 has historically been restricted but it has been visible on Google Maps since 2018.
True
False
According to investigator and skeptic Benjamin Radford (the same author who cast doubt on the existence of the Bridgewater Triangle), what are the two main reasons why Area 51 has to be so large?
To hold prisoners that the Air Force has taken captive
To be able to test classified aircraft
To make sure people don't see the aliens that are hidden there
To prevent anyone from seeing what it is happening inside
The U.S. military has never acknowledged the existence of Area 51.
True
False
Much of the history of Area 51 had been secret because this location was used to develop the U-2 spy plane, a mission that had previously been classified.
True
False
There are no longer any legitimate government reasons to keep Area 51 secret to the public.
True
False
Deadly force is authorized for anyone who trespasses into Area 51.
True
False
Area 51 is the only secretive military base in the U.S. where workers and visitors need security clearance.
True
False
Check off all of the following that are TRUE of Robert Lazar?
The government admitted that Robert Lazar was telling the truth about his employment at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada.
Robert Lazar claimed that he worked on extraterrestrial technology inside of Area 51.
Robert Lazar said he had viewed autopsy photos of aliens.
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Although all different kinds of people believe in alien life, they generally are people who__________ and are generally willing to __________.
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Check off the two main purposes of this video.
To find out at what point scientific beliefs about the existence of life in outer space becomes a conspiracy theory.
To find out whether or not alien life actually exists.
To find out if conspiracy theorists have discovered secret scientific evidence about the existence of extraterrestrial life.
To find out what type of person is most likely to believe in alien conspiracy theories.
What point is the journalist trying to make in this last segment?
Most people are likely to suspend judgment until they have examined an issues from a variety of perspectives.
People tend to look at things through the lens that is most familiar to them and tend to avoid looking at things through other lenses.
Conspiracy theories tend to be wrong because people don't spend long enough studying them.
There are a variety of tools that we can use to figure out if aliens exist but the government refuses to disclose what these tools are.
The woman in this video appears to trust the government.
True
False
What two points was the journalist trying to make in this last segment?
Many people who believe in alien conspiracy theories trust the government.
Many people who believe in alien conspiracies are more likely to trust their own personal research than research from professional organizations.
Many people who believe in alien conspiracy theories are very likely to believe in other conspiracy theories as well.
Many people who believe in alien conspiracy theories generally don't believe in conspiracy theories in other areas, such as politics.
What is meant by this statement: "there is a kernel of truth in what they are saying but the extrapolations are wrong"?
Part of what is being said is accurate but they are jumping to conclusions that are not accurate.
Part of what is being said is inaccurate but most of the explanation is actually true.
Part of what is being said is completely made up but only because the actual research was flawed.
Part of what is being said is based on scientific research but the rest is based on conspiracy theories.
This journalist believes that we must always trust the government because we have no evidence that the government has ever misled us.
True
False
When does this journalist believe that it is a problem to distrust the government?
If you distrust your own government but believe another government
If you distrust the government when they have promised they are telling the truth
If you distrust the government but believe all other sources without question
If you distrust the government when it is a matter of national security
Check off all of the reasons why this journalist believes that human beings are likely to engage in conspiratorial thinking.
It is part of our search for meaning.
We are always trying to make sense of the world.
We are bad at learning new things.
It helps us feel significant.
Check off all of the reasons why this journalist says that conspiratorial thinking makes sense in many ways?
We know the government had done shady things in the past.
There's a lot out there that we don't actually know.
The government doesn't tell us everything.
The media and the government haven't been completely trustworthy so people may be likely to doubt them.
The "disclosure movement" is made up of people who believe that the government has access to alien technology and think that the government should disclose this to the public.
True
False
What "trap" did the interviewer say it's easy for journalists (and all people) to fall into?
Listening to only people that we agree with instead of people we disagree with.
Listening with the purpose of proving someone wrong instead of listening to understand.
Listening to understand instead of listening with the purpose of proving someone wrong.
Listening to only people that we disagree with instead of people we agree with.
According to this interviewer, most humans are prone to something called "confirmation bias," which is when we seek information that confirms what we already believe.
True
False
With the advent of social media, we spend more time getting information in "echo chambers," which happens when we only encounter information that supports our already established beliefs.
True
False
According to this last segment, how do many online conspiracy theorists view themselves?
As soldiers fighting against misinformation
As PhD-level scientists conducting research
As conspiracy theorists who are peddling inaccurate information
What points did the journalist try to make in this last segment?
In many ways, the conspiracy theorists he met were great people who were just seeking community.
People who believe in conspiracy theories are all crazy and dangerous.
Many conspiracy theories are harmless but we need to be careful of slippery slopes where people who started off with harmless theories start believing in more dangerous conspiracy theories.
It is important to let people tell their story without going in and telling them that they are wrong.