Explain why benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution.
Nitration of nitrobenzene requires temperature above 55°C compared to that of benzene, which can occur at 55°C.
Explain why.
Nitration of ethylbenzene and methylbenzene occurs at approximately 30°C, while that of phenol occurs at room temperature.
Suggest what this data indicates about the nature of the substituents on the benzene ring.
CH3CH2CH2Cl + AlCl3 --> [CH3CH2CH2]+ + AlCl4-
Comment on how this equation can be improved.
Draw the electrophile generated when anhydrous FeCl3 is added to this compound.