Ch11 & 12.4 Bio Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis (10/31/2025)

Last updated 7 months ago

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Library

Ch11 & 12.4 Bio Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis (10/31/2025)

Last updated 7 months ago

74 questions

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Following replication of its DNA, each chromosome contains two_______  , which are attached to each other by a centromere.

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The full sequence of events that occurs in a cell from one mitotic division to the next is called the _______ .

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Microtubules that extend from the poles of a cell to the centromeres during cell division are called _______  .

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During cell division, plant cells form a new_______  in the center of the cell.

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In eukaryotic cells, _______  takes place after the nucleus divides.

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After a new nuclear membrane forms during telophase of mitosis, the_______ divides, resulting in two cells.

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Collectively, the time spent in G1 + S + G2 is called _______ .

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In mitosis, anaphase follows_______  .

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Chromatin coils up into short chromosome rods during _______ .

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During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing _______(#) chromosomes.

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Control of the cell cycle occurs at three main _______ , one before S, another before M, and another before cytokinesis.

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Due to an error in DNA cells start dividing uncontrollably and create a malignant _______ .

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E.C. Biology - The only science where multiplication and  _______  mean the same thing.

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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction. How does the reproductive strategy influence an organism’s chances for survival? (20 points)

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What is cancer? How does it occur? Why is it difficult to cure? (answer each question specifically)

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The cells resulting from meiosis in either males or females are called _______ 

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A reciprocal exchange of corresponding segments of DNA is called _______ .

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The process called
_______  guarantees that the number of
chromosomes in gametes is half the number of chromosomes in body cells.

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When discussing sets of chromosomes, mitosis results in two _______  daughter cells that have the same genetic makeup. Meiosis results in four _______  cells that are all genetically different from each other. 

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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction.

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Compare and contrast the process for asexual cell division with the process for making gametes. Include a) cell cycle and b) M phase specific characteristic descriptors.

In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compact by

A. breaking apart into separate genes. 

B. extending to form very long, thin molecules.

C. wrapping tightly around associated proteins.

D. being enzymatically changed into a protein.

Chromatids are

A. dense patches within the nucleus

B. bacterial chromosomes.

C. duplicate halves of a chromosome.

D. prokaryotic nuclei.

A protein disk that attaches two chromatids to each other in a chromosome is called a

A. chloroplast  

B. centromere

C. gamete

D. centriole

Which of the following is not a true difference between the chromosomes of eukaryotes and those of prokaryotes

A. Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear, while those of prokaryotes are circular. 

B. Eukaryotic chromosomes are found free in the nucleus, while those of prokaryotes are attached to the cell membrane.

C. Eukaryotes usually have more than one chromosome, while prokaryotes have only one chromosome.

D. Eukaryotic chromosomes contain DNA, while prokaryotic chromosomes contain a different form of genetic material.

The stage of the cell cycle that occupies most of the cell’s life is

The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called

A. telophase  

B. metaphase

C. anaphase

D. prophase

A spindle fiber is a specialized form of

A. microtubule   

B. flagellum

C. cilium

D. chromosome

As a result of mitosis, each of the two new cells produced from the original cell during cytokinesis

A. receives a few chromosomes from the original cell.  

B. receives an exact copy of all the chromosomes present in the original cell.

C. donates a chromosome to the original cell.

D. receives exactly half the chromosomes from the original cell.

In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs when

A. the chromosomes make exact copies of themselves.

B. spindle fibers are formed.

C. a new cell wall forms.

D. osmotic pressure is too low.

A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, each of the two new cells formed from the original cell

A. has 23 chromosomes 

B. grows new chromosomes from existing DNA

C. has a complete set of 46 chromosomes

D. none of the above

Why do cells do mitosis?

A. to stay small   

B. to repair the organism

C. to replace dead cells

D. all of the above

Cancer is

A. sped up mitosis

B. sped up meiosis

C. slowed down mitosis

D. slowed down meiosis

What causes cancer?

What happens at the G2 checkpoint if there are errors in the DNA?

One difference between cell division in plant cells and animals is that plant cells have

A. centrioles   

B. centromeres

C. a cell plate

D. chromatin

The structure labeled A is called the

A. centromere   

B. centriole

C. sister chromatid

D. spindle

Which event occurs during interphase?

A. The cell grows  

B. Centrioles appear

C. Spindle fibers begin to form

D. Centromeres divide

Which pair is correct?

A. G1 phase, DNA replication and growth 

B. G2 phase, preparation for mitosis

C. S phase, cell division

D. M phase, cell growth

Cell division is represented in the figure by the letter ____.

A

B

C

D

Refer to the illustration above. During which stage do the centromeres divide?

1

2

3

4

Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following correctly indicates the order in which these events occur?

What phase does a brain cell enter after cytokinesis?

Following replication of its DNA, each chromosome contains two_______  , which are attached to each other by a centromere.

The full sequence of events that occurs in a cell from one mitotic division to the next is called the _______ .

Microtubules that extend from the poles of a cell to the centromeres during cell division are called _______  .

During cell division, plant cells form a new_______  in the center of the cell.

In eukaryotic cells, _______  takes place after the nucleus divides.

After a new nuclear membrane forms during telophase of mitosis, the_______ divides, resulting in two cells.

Collectively, the time spent in G1 + S + G2 is called _______ .

In mitosis, anaphase follows_______  .

Chromatin coils up into short chromosome rods during _______ .

During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing _______(#) chromosomes.

Control of the cell cycle occurs at three main _______ , one before S, another before M, and another before cytokinesis.

Due to an error in DNA cells start dividing uncontrollably and create a malignant _______ .

Which stage of interphase is DNA replicated?

A. G1 Phase  

B. G2 Phase

C. S Phase

D. G0 Phase

What percent of a cells life is spent in M Phase?

50%

90%

10%

30%

Which phase of mitosis is this?

If the chromatin is not distinguishable as a chromosome, what stage is it?

An embryonic stem cell that can develop into any type of cell except extraembryonic is

C. elegans, a round worm, starts making cuticle cells at 8 divisions. How many cells?

If you started studying one human dividing skin cell in a culture, how many would you have after 48 hours?

E.C. Biology - The only science where multiplication and  _______  mean the same thing.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction. How does the reproductive strategy influence an organism’s chances for survival? (20 points)

What is cancer? How does it occur? Why is it difficult to cure? (answer each question specifically)

The cells resulting from meiosis in either males or females are called _______ 

A reciprocal exchange of corresponding segments of DNA is called _______ .

The process called
_______  guarantees that the number of
chromosomes in gametes is half the number of chromosomes in body cells.

When discussing sets of chromosomes, mitosis results in two _______  daughter cells that have the same genetic makeup. Meiosis results in four _______  cells that are all genetically different from each other. 

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction.

Compare and contrast the process for asexual cell division with the process for making gametes. Include a) cell cycle and b) M phase specific characteristic descriptors.

In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compact by

A. breaking apart into separate genes. 

B. extending to form very long, thin molecules.

C. wrapping tightly around associated proteins.

D. being enzymatically changed into a protein.

Chromatids are

A. dense patches within the nucleus

B. bacterial chromosomes.

C. duplicate halves of a chromosome.

D. prokaryotic nuclei.

A protein disk that attaches two chromatids to each other in a chromosome is called a

A. chloroplast  

B. centromere

C. gamete

D. centriole

Which of the following is not a true difference between the chromosomes of eukaryotes and those of prokaryotes

A. Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear, while those of prokaryotes are circular. 

B. Eukaryotic chromosomes are found free in the nucleus, while those of prokaryotes are attached to the cell membrane.

C. Eukaryotes usually have more than one chromosome, while prokaryotes have only one chromosome.

D. Eukaryotic chromosomes contain DNA, while prokaryotic chromosomes contain a different form of genetic material.

The stage of the cell cycle that occupies most of the cell’s life is

G1

M

G2

Interphase

Cytokinesis

The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called

A. telophase  

B. metaphase

C. anaphase

D. prophase

A spindle fiber is a specialized form of

A. microtubule   

B. flagellum

C. cilium

D. chromosome

As a result of mitosis, each of the two new cells produced from the original cell during cytokinesis

A. receives a few chromosomes from the original cell.  

B. receives an exact copy of all the chromosomes present in the original cell.

C. donates a chromosome to the original cell.

D. receives exactly half the chromosomes from the original cell.

In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs when

A. the chromosomes make exact copies of themselves.

B. spindle fibers are formed.

C. a new cell wall forms.

D. osmotic pressure is too low.

A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, each of the two new cells formed from the original cell

A. has 23 chromosomes 

B. grows new chromosomes from existing DNA

C. has a complete set of 46 chromosomes

D. none of the above

Why do cells do mitosis?

A. to stay small   

B. to repair the organism

C. to replace dead cells

D. all of the above

Cancer is

A. sped up mitosis

B. sped up meiosis

C. slowed down mitosis

D. slowed down meiosis

What causes cancer?

A. genetics 

B. mutations

C. carcinogens

D. not stopping at the checkpoints

E. all choices

What happens at the G2 checkpoint if there are errors in the DNA?

A. cytokinesis  

B. replication

C. apoptosis

D. autotomy

E. mitosis

One difference between cell division in plant cells and animals is that plant cells have

A. centrioles   

B. centromeres

C. a cell plate

D. chromatin

The structure labeled A is called the

A. centromere   

B. centriole

C. sister chromatid

D. spindle

Which event occurs during interphase?

A. The cell grows  

B. Centrioles appear

C. Spindle fibers begin to form

D. Centromeres divide

Which pair is correct?

A. G1 phase, DNA replication and growth 

B. G2 phase, preparation for mitosis

C. S phase, cell division

D. M phase, cell growth

Cell division is represented in the figure by the letter ____.

A

B

C

D

Refer to the illustration above. During which stage do the centromeres divide?

1

2

3

4

Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following correctly indicates the order in which these events occur? 

A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5  

B. 3, 2, 1, 4, 5

C. 2, 1, 3, 4, 5

D. 4, 3, 1, 5, 2

E. 2, 4, 3, 1, 5

What phase does a brain cell enter after cytokinesis?

A. G1  

B. Prophase

C. G0

D. G2

E. S

Which stage of interphase is DNA replicated?

A. G1 Phase  

B. G2 Phase

C. S Phase

D. G0 Phase

What percent of a cells life is spent in M Phase?

50%

90%

10%

30%

Which phase of mitosis is this?

A. interphase 

B. cytokinesis

C. anaphase

D. metaphase

E. telophase

F. S phase

G. G2 phase

Which phase of mitosis is this?

A. interphase 

B. cytokinesis

C. anaphase

D. metaphase

E. telophase

F. S phase

G. G2 phase

H. prophase

Which phase of mitosis is this?

A. interphase 

B. cytokinesis

C. anaphase

D. metaphase

E. telophase

F. S phase

G. G2 phase

H. prophase

If the chromatin is not distinguishable as a chromosome, what stage is it?

A. interphase 

B. cytokinesis

C. anaphase

D. metaphase

E. telophase

F. S phase

G. G2 phase

H. prophase

An embryonic stem cell that can develop into any type of cell except extraembryonic is

differentiated

multipotent

pluripotent

totipotent

specialized

C. elegans, a round worm, starts making cuticle cells at 8 divisions. How many cells?

16

64

256

512

1024

2048

If you started studying one human dividing skin cell in a culture, how many would you have after 48 hours?

8

2

3

4

16

32

256

What does the G1 checkpoint verify before S phase?

environment

organelles

cell size

organism's need to replicate

all choices

What is the surface area to volume ratio of a 4cm cube?

3:1

96:64

2:3

3:2

Which treatment of cancer would be most effective?

A. A drug that kills only slow dividing cells

B. A drug that kills only very small cells

C. A drug that kills only rapidly dividing cells

D. A drug that kills all of the cells in your body

Cyclins

A. are external growth factors 

B. regulate programmed cell death

C. initiate cell division

D. all of the above

Which of these accurately describes a difference between cancer cells and normal cells?

A. Cancer cells divide less frequently.  

B. Cancer cells lack the ordered arrangement of normal cells.

C. Cancer cells have a consistent size and shape.

D. Cancer cell nuclei are always small and rounded in shape.

Humans and other animals regulate cell growth and cell division. Nerve cells do not divide again once they have developed. What other cell category does not divide once mature?

A. skin cells 

B. blood-producing cells

C. muscle cells

D. digestive tract cells

E. liver cells

The rate at which materials enter and leave the cell depends upon the cell's

A. volume     

B. weight

C. mass

D. speciation

E. surface area

F. nucleus size

If a cell has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis and cytokinesis?

4

6

12

24

Which statement does NOT describe external regulatory proteins?

A. They can speed up or slow down the cell cycle 

B. Growth factors are one form of external regulatory proteins

C. Some can cause cells to stop their cell cycles

D. They respond to events occurring inside the cell

2n means...

A. 23 chromosomes within a cell 

B. 46 chromosomes within a cell

C. two copies of each chromosome within a cell

D. one copy of each chromosome within a cell

Stage in meiosis immediately after centromeres break _____

A

C

E

AD

BC

Separation of homologues occurs during

mitosis

meiosis I

meiosis II

fertilization

Diagrams 1 and 2 show cells from an organism with a diploid number of 4.

Refer to the illustration above. Which of the cells will be a diploid cell at the completion of division?

1

2

both

neither

A picture of a cell’s chromosomes is called a(n)...

pictograph

chromograph

karyotype

genetic map

Which phase of meiosis is this?

A. Prophase I

B. Prophase II

C. Anaphase I 

D. Anaphase II

What are separating in this picture?

sister chromatids

DNA

Sister chromosomes

homologous chromosomes

Crossing over occurs in

Prophase of Mitosis

Prophase I of Meiosis

Prophase II of Meiosis

Metaphase of Mitosis

What causes cancer?

genetics

mutations

carcinogens

not stopping at the checkpoints

all choices

Why go to all of the extra steps and possible errors involved in sexual reproduction?

Produces the union of two gametes

Allows for genetic variability

Evolution

Variety of genes available to an organism may produce

The correct answer includes all of the listed reasons

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of

two genetically identical cells

four genetically different cells

four genetically identical cells

two genetically different cells

The image shows the

DNA of an autosomal male cell

chromosomes of a female gamete

genetic information of a female body cell

male homologous pairs of chromosomes

Process B occurs in the female_____

Following menopause

At puberty

Before birth

In early childood

at fertilization