Information from ion chromatography shows:

the presence of ions.

the relative abundances of ion from (least) to (most)

Test tube tests and results

Adding acid shows carbonate ions by and the gas turns lime water )

Adding silver nitrate shows chloride ions by precipitate of

Adding barium nitrate shows sulfate ions by white precipitate of

match the positions of lines (wavelengths) on the line spectrum to the known of lines for individual ions given in the reference book

explain why neither the flame test nor the emission spectra data can be used to identify all of the elements in the mineral.

Unknown elements

Flame test: other elements ‘ ’ by strong colour

Spectrum: Some lines indicate unknown element

Need spectra of other elements to identify