Lesson 3.11 ENH Isotope Ratios

Posljednje ažuriranje about 1 year ago

22 questions

1

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Lesson 3.11 ENH Isotope Ratios

Posljednje ažuriranje about 1 year ago

22 questions

1

3

How does fractionation occur in water during rain, and what is the result on oxygen isotope ratios?

3

How can the record of oxygen-18 in corals, trees, and skeletons be used scientifically?

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3

How does the oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 ratio in rocks provide information about the past?

1

What does the delta value represent in isotope ratios?

Difference between sample and standard isotope ratios

Ratio of isotopes in a sample

Number of isotopes in a sample

Comparison of isotopes in the nucleus

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5

What does the term 'isotope' refer to in chemistry?

Different types of molecules

Atoms with the same number of protons but different neutrons

Atoms with identical atomic and mass numbers

Atoms with the same number of protons and electrons

The atomic number of an atom tells us what?

The number of neutrons in the nucleus

The number of electrons in the nucleus

The total number of particles in the nucleus

The number of protons in the nucleus

What is mass number in an atom?

The total number of protons and electrons

The total number of protons and neutrons

The number of protons only

The number of electrons only

How can isotopes of the same element be distinguished?

By their different atomic numbers

By different number of electrons

By their different mass numbers

By different chemical reactions

An atom is said to "decay" when the contents of the nucleus change and release radiation. Radiation can be both energy and particles. If an unstable atom releases particles in a way that the atomic number has changed, the number of ___________ in the nucleus has changed.

protons

electrons

neutrons

What does the term 'radioisotope' refer to in chemistry?

An isotope that decays and emits radiation

An isotope that doesn't decay

A stable form of an element

An isotope with equal protons and electrons

What is a 'stable isotope'?

An isotope with extra neutrons

An isotope that emits radiation

An isotope that doesn't undergo radioactive decay

An unstable form of an element

What occurs during 'fractionation' of isotopes?

Isotopes combine to form a new element

Isotopes emit radiation

Isotopes undergo radioactive decay

Isotopes separate based on their mass

Which isotope type tends to undergo 'fractionation' the most?

Isotopes that emit radiation

Stable isotopes

Isotopes with extra neutrons

Radioisotopes

Which regions of the ocean are enriched in oxygen-16 and which regions are enriched in oxygen-18 due to fractionation of isotopes?

What influences the oxygen isotope ratio in carbonate rocks?

Age of rock

Rock hardness

Rock color

chemical environment when they were formed

Define magma in terms of geology.

The solid rock layer beneath the Earth's crust.

Lava that is expelled from volcanoes.

Condensed water vapor in the atmosphere.

Molten rock material beneath the Earth's crust.

Does the oxygen isotope ratio in rocks change over time?

Yes, it changes daily

Yes, if the rock is moved

Yes, it changes annually

No, it is determined at formation

How does isotope ratio in silicate rocks depend on temperature?

Higher temperatures decrease the ratio of light isotopes.

Warmer temperatures result in a higher ratio of heavy isotopes.

Temperature changes don't affect the isotope ratio.

Warmer temperatures result in a higher ratio of light isotopes.

What is a standard reference value in isotope ratio analysis?

Constant value used for comparison

The maximum isotope ratio

The minimum isotope ratio

The average isotope ratio

How would you find the international standard for nitrogen?

measure the ratio of nitrogen isotopes in air

measure the ratio of nitrogen isotopes in ice.

measure the ratio of nitrogen isotopes in silicate rocks

measure the ratio of nitrogen isotopes in the ocean

How are isotopes used in the field of medicine and nuclear engineering?

Explain an example of how scientists use isotopes to study complex changes in the environment through space and time? Be sure to include what they measure and what they can learn from the measurements.